Involvement of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family Verprolin-Homologous Protein (WAVE) and Rac1 in the Phagocytosis of Amyloid-β(1 – 42) in Rat Microglia
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta (A beta) fibrils with microglia. Recently, there has been great interest in the microglial phagocytosis of A beta, because the microglial pathway is considered to be one of the A beta clearance pathways in the brain parenchyma. However, the mechanism of microglial phagocytosis of A beta is not fully understood and, thus, was investigated in this study. At one minute after exposure to A beta(1-42) (A beta 42), A beta immunoreactivity was detected at the cell surface of microglia. After 1 h, marked immunoreactivity was observed in the cytosolic vesicles. At 12 h, delayed phagocytosis of fibrillar A beta 42 was also observed with the formation of a large phagocytic cup. The microglial cell shape rapidly changed to an ameboid form during the process of phagocytosis. Although neither neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) nor WASP interacting SH3 protein (WISH) immunoreactivity was co-localized with filamentous actin (F-actin) distribution, both WASP family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) and Rac1 immunoreactivity was co-localized with F-actin in the lamellipodia of phogocytic microglia. These results suggest that WAVE and Rac1 participate in the phagocytosis of A beta 42 by microglia.
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Rac signaling is upstream of the ABI-WAVE complex and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling.
“Rac signaling is upstream of the ABI-WAVE complex and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling (51, 52).”
From The effect of Abi3 locus deletion on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease-related pathologies (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
The Discussion states that WAVE acts downstream of Rac1 to regulate membrane ruffles and lamellipodia through the Arp2/3 complex, supporting the Rac-to-WAVE actin-remodeling pathway. It does not identify an ABI-WAVE complex or establish Rac signaling as upstream of that specific complex. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhagocytic response requires cytoskeletal rearrangements for microglia to engulf Aβ.
“Moreover, phagocytic response requires cytoskeletal rearrangements for microglia to engulf Aβ (43).”
From Deletion of <i>Abi3</i> gene locus exacerbates neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Kitamura, Y., Shibagaki, K., Takata, K., Tsuchiya, D., Taniguchi, T., Gebicke-Haerter, P. J., Miki, H., Takenawa, T., & Shimohama, S.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University (JP)
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
- Publisher
- Japanese Pharmacological Society
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 115-123
- ISSN
- 1347-8613 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-8648
- OpenAlex
- W2022986204
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta 42, microglial phagocytosis, waves, Rac1, Alzheimer's disease, actin cytoskeleton, lamellipodia, N-WASP, wishes, phagocytic cup
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Microfilament Proteins, Peptide Fragments, Phagocytosis, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, Cytochalasin D, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Rats, Wistar, Microglia, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Rats
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