Nerve Protective Effect of Asiaticoside against Ischemia-Hypoxia in Cultured Rat Cortex Neurons
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Asiaticoside is one of the main functional components of the natural plant Centella asiatica urban. Studies have reported it has several functions such as anti-depression and nerve cell protection. Asiaticoside can reduce the cerebral infarct size in acute focal cerebral ischemia in a mouse model and asiatic acid glycosides can significantly improve neurobehavioral scores. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of asiaticoside in regard to its neural protective mechanism in cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to solve this problem by using an ischemia-hypoxia cell model in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An in vitro ischemia hypoxia cell model was successfully established by primary cultured newborn rat cortical neurons. After being treated by asiaticoside for 24 h, cell survival rate, lactate dehydrogenase release quantity, and B-cell lymphoma gene-2 (BCL-2), Bax, and caspase-3 protein expressions was detected. RESULTS: After 10 nmol/L or 100 nmol/L of asiaticoside were given to the cells, cell survival rate increased significantly and presented concentration dependence. Asiaticoside can reduce lactate dehydrogenase release. Lactate dehydrogenase release in model cells is gradually reduced with the increase of asiaticoside concentration. The lactate dehydrogenase release in asiaticoside 10 nmol/L group, asiaticoside 100 nmol/L group and ischemia hypoxia group were 26.75±1.05, 22.36±2.87 and 52.35±5.46%, respectively (p<0.05). It was also found that asiaticoside could modulate the expression of apoptotic factors, including bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS: Asiaticoside helps to protect in vitro ischemia hypoxia neurons. This nerve cell protection may be mediated by the BCL-2 protein.
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Madecassoside and asiaticoside are implicated in the treatment of hypoxic-ischaemic injuries in the brain.
“Madecassoside and asiaticoside are implicated in the treatment of hypoxic–ischaemic injuries in the brain 31 , 32”
From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The Results and Discussion report that asiaticoside protected cultured rat cortical neurons under ischemia-hypoxia conditions, supporting its potential relevance to brain injury. The paper does not address madecassoside, and its Discussion says the findings are limited to cells studied in vitro rather than established treatment in animals or people. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAsiaticoside promotes ischaemia-hypoxia nerve cell survival by upregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and reducing apoptosis by suppressing pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3.
“Asiaticoside has previously shown a protective effect on ischaemia‐hypoxia neural cells in‐vitro and promotes ischaemia‐hypoxia nerve cell survival rate by upregulating anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, reducing cell apoptosis by suppressing pro‐apoptotic factors Bax and caspase‐3.”
From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The Results report increased Bcl-2, suppressed Bax and caspase-3, and reduced apoptosis after asiaticoside treatment of ischemia-hypoxia neurons. The Discussion links Bcl-2 upregulation to increased survival, but the Conclusions say the protective effect *may* be mediated by these proteins. The claim presents suppression of Bax and caspase-3 as an established cause of reduced apoptosis, which is stronger than the paper establishes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAsiaticoside inhibits lactate dehydrogenase release by ischaemia-hypoxic cells and inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation, preventing damage to neuronal membranes and blocking ischaemia-associated neuron necrosis.
“Asiaticoside can further inhibit lactate dehydrogenase release by ischaemia‐hypoxic cells and inhibit membrane lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing damage to neuronal membranes and blocking ischaemia‐associated neuron necrosis. 32”
From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The Discussion reports that asiaticoside inhibited lactate dehydrogenase release from ischemia-hypoxic cells. It says asiaticoside *may* inhibit membrane lipid peroxidation, thereby reducing neuron necrosis; the citing sentence presents that mechanism as established and describes necrosis as blocked rather than reduced. The study was limited to cultured rat neurons in vitro. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn vitro studies show CAW whole extract and isolated compounds facilitate neurite outgrowth and elicit neuroprotection.
“Previously, in vitro studies have shown that both CAW whole extract and isolated compounds (detailed in a review [32]) facilitate neurite outgrowth [6,28,106], and elicit neuroprotection [107,108,109,110,111].”
From Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Sun, T., Liu, B., & Li, P.
- Affiliations
- Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Peng
- Venue
- Medical Science Monitor
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 21
- Pages
- 3036-3041
- ISSN
- 1234-1010 (ISSN-L)
- 1643-3750
- PMC
- PMC4603616
- OpenAlex
- W2216140872
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Medical Science Monitor (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- asiaticoside, Centella asiatica, neuroprotection, cerebral ischemia, hypoxia-ischemia, cortical neurons, apoptosis, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase release, neuroprotection mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Ischemia, Dilazep, Frontal Lobe, Gene Expression Regulation, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Memory, Neurons, Triterpenes, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Apoptosis, Neuroprotective Agents, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Centella, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, Rats, Caspase 3
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