A 5-year cohort study of the effects of high protein intake on lean mass and BMC in elderly postmenopausal women
Abstract
Long-term effects of high dietary protein intake on muscle and bone structure in the elderly are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline protein intake and lean mass and BMC 5 yr later in a cohort of elderly postmenopausal women. A total of 862 community-dwelling women 75 ± 3 yr of age provided baseline data including nutrient intake assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. At 5 yr, upper arm muscle area (UAMA) and body composition using DXA were measured. Baseline protein intake was 81 ± 28 g/d (1.2 ± 0.4 g/kg/d), contributing 19 ± 3% of total energy intake. There were positive correlations between baseline protein intake and whole body and appendicular bone-free lean mass and BMC (r = 0.14–0.18, p < 0.001) and UAMA (r = 0.08, p < 0.05). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of protein intake (<66 g/d), women in the top tertile (>87 g/d) had 5.4–6.0% higher whole body and appendicular lean mass and UAMA and 5.3–6.0% higher whole body and appendicular BMC. These effects remained after adjusting for potential confounders. However, the effect on BMC disappeared after further adjustment for lean mass. This study shows that high protein intake is associated with long-term beneficial effects on muscle mass and size and bone mass in elderly women. The protein effect on bone may be partly mediated by its effects on muscle.
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In older people with osteoporosis, a systematic review, prospective cohort studies, and a randomized controlled trial found higher bone mineral density when protein intake was higher than 0.8 g/kg body weight per day or was 24% of total energy intake.
“In older people with osteoporosis, findings from a systematic review, 88 several prospective cohort studies, 89,90 and a randomized, controlled trial 91 (RCT) all found higher bone mineral density when protein intake was at levels higher than 0.8 g/kg BW/d or was 24% of total energy intake (Table 4).”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [90]
A 5-year prospective cohort study showed higher BMD with higher protein intake (1.6 vs 0.85 g/kg BW/d).
“Meng 2009 90 1.6 g/kg BW/d vs 0.85 g/kg BW/d 5-year prospective cohort study showing higher BMD with higher protein intake”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as Meng 2009
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- Authors
- Meng, X., Zhu, K., Devine, A., Kerr, D. A., Binns, C. W., & Prince, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Curtin University (AU)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Prince, Richard L.
- Venue
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-11-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1827-1834
- ISSN
- 0884-0431 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-4681
- OpenAlex
- W2000373925
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Healthway
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- protein intake, high-protein diet, lean body mass, bone mineral content, postmenopausal women, older women, muscle mass, upper arm muscle area, body composition, bone health, muscle-bone relationship
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Body Weight, Bone and Bones, Demography, Dietary Proteins, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Muscles, Organ Size, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Bone Density, Postmenopause
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