Amount Rather than Animal vs Plant Protein Intake Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Results from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study
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BACKGROUND: Current literature does not indicate if the amount and animal vs plant protein are equally important in the prevention of muscle loss in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the associations between amount or animal vs plant protein and skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults aged 40 to 80 years. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of a prospective, community-based cohort was performed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants included 1,044 men and 2,169 women aged 40 to 80 years from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study 2011-2013 with body composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight. Participants in the lowest quartile of the sex-specific SMI were considered to have low muscle mass (LMM). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analyses of covariance were performed to estimate the SMI across quintiles of relative dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein and the ratio of animal-to-plant protein. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations between quintiles of protein intake and LMM. RESULTS: The SMI increased significantly across quintiles of relative dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein (all P trends<0.001). Odds ratios (95% CIs) for LMM among participants in the highest (vs lowest) quintile were 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) for total protein, 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) for animal protein, and 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) for plant protein, respectively (all P trends<0.001). However, the ratio of animal-to-plant protein was not associated with either the SMI or the presence of LMM. CONCLUSION: Higher dietary intakes of total, animal, and plant protein, regardless of the ratio of animal-to-plant protein, are associated with greater skeletal muscle mass in community-dwelling middle-aged and older Chinese adults with a mean protein intake above the current recommendation for protein of 0.8 g/kg per day.
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There was a significant relationship between total protein intake and SMI, where higher SMI was seen with protein intakes greater than the RDA.
“There was however a significant relationship between total protein intake and SMI, where higher SMI was seen with protein intakes greater than the RDA [57].”
From Animal Protein versus Plant Protein in Supporting Lean Mass and Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
Li et al. found no association between the ratio of animal-to-plant protein intake and lean mass of participants, as measured by skeletal muscle index.
“Li et al. analyzed the diets of over 3200 community-dwelling adults and found no association between the ratio of animal-to-plant protein intake and the lean mass of participants, as measured by skeletal muscle index (SMI).”
From Animal Protein versus Plant Protein in Supporting Lean Mass and Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
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Samant, B., Jatana, A., Timmanpyati, S., Sinha, A., Sheikh, A., Lovesley, D., Patel, D., Dalal, K., Samaddar, R., Faruqui, S., et al. (2026) · Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia · doi:10.1016/j.afos.2026.08.003
- Authors
- Li, C.-Y., Fang, A.-P., Ma, W.-J., Wu, S.-L., Li, C.-L., Chen, Y.-M., & Zhu, H.-L.
- ORCID
- Chen, Yu-ming
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1501-1510
- ISSN
- 2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944212007
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- protein intake, animal protein, plant proteins, skeletal muscle mass, low muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, sarcopenia, middle-aged and older adults, Chinese adults, protein intake recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Animal Proteins, Dietary, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Body Weight, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Prospective Studies, Plant Proteins, Dietary, Cohort Studies, Odds Ratio, Muscle, Skeletal, Independent Living, Recommended Dietary Allowances
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