Embodied choice: how action influences perceptual decision making
Open accessAbstract
Embodied Choice considers action performance as a proper part of the decision making process rather than merely as a means to report the decision. The central statement of embodied choice is the existence of bidirectional influences between action and decisions. This implies that for a decision expressed by an action, the action dynamics and its constraints (e.g. current trajectory and kinematics) influence the decision making process. Here we use a perceptual decision making task to compare three types of model: a serial decision-then-action model, a parallel decision-and-action model, and an embodied choice model where the action feeds back into the decision making. The embodied model incorporates two key mechanisms that together are lacking in the other models: action preparation and commitment. First, action preparation strategies alleviate delays in enacting a choice but also modify decision termination. Second, action dynamics change the prospects and create a commitment effect to the initially preferred choice. Our results show that these two mechanisms make embodied choice models better suited to combine decision and action appropriately to achieve suitably fast and accurate responses, as usually required in ecologically valid situations. Moreover, embodied choice models with these mechanisms give a better account of trajectory tracking experiments during decision making. In conclusion, the embodied choice framework offers a combined theory of decision and action that gives a clear case that embodied phenomena such as the dynamics of actions can have a causal influence on central cognition.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Expected precision or confidence about preferred outcomes reports on the progress towards the goal, and precision can be updated during goal-directed action rather than just mediating learning by reporting reward prediction errors.
“The expected precision or confidence about preferred outcomes reports on the progress towards the goal – like spatial proximity or sub-goals (Lepora and Pezzulo, 2015, Maisto et al., 2015) – and in accordance with early cybernetic models of purposive action such as the Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE) model (Miller et al., 1960) precision can be updated (in a Bayes optimal fashion) during goal-direct”
From Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control (2015) · cites this paper as Lepora and Pezzulo, 2015
The Results (Study 1, Model 4; page unavailable) describe a position-dependent feedback term: distance to each target influences the evolving decision during action. That supports the spatial-proximity example, but the paper does not characterize this feedback as expected precision about preferred outcomes, discuss sub-goals, or say that such precision is updated during action rather than reporting reward prediction errors. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935 · see citing works
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception: Classic Edition
Gibson, J. J. (2014) · doi:10.4324/9781315740218 · Cited by 12,132 · see citing works
Axten, N., Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1973) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063712 · Cited by 6,883 · see citing works
The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems
West, C. K., & Gibson, J. J. (1969) · Journal of Aesthetic Education · doi:10.2307/3331482 · Cited by 6,379 · see citing works
Newell, A. (1972) · Cited by 6,222 · see citing works
Ratcliff, R. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.2.59 · Cited by 4,513 · see citing works
The Neural Basis of Decision Making
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038 · Cited by 3,764 · see citing works
Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination
Todorov, E., & Jordan, M. I. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn963 · Cited by 3,081 · see citing works
The Diffusion Decision Model: Theory and Data for Two-Choice Decision Tasks
Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (2008) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2008.12-06-420 · Cited by 3,059 · see citing works
The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems
Kensler, G. L., & Gibson, J. J. (1969) · Studies in Art Education · doi:10.2307/1319633 · Cited by 2,806 · see citing works
Neisser, U. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,502 · see citing works
The time course of perceptual choice: The leaky, competing accumulator model.
Usher, M., & McClelland, J. L. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.550 · Cited by 2,152 · see citing works
Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learning
Körding, K. P., & Wolpert, D. M. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02169 · Cited by 2,004 · see citing works
Bogacz, R., Brown, E., Moehlis, J., Holmes, P. J., & Cohen, J. D. (2006) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.700 · Cited by 1,845 · see citing works
Neural Mechanisms for Interacting with a World Full of Action Choices
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135409 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits
Wang, X.-J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01092-9 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
Optimum Character of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test
Wald, A., & Wolfowitz, J. (1948) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730197 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Cortical mechanisms of action selection: the affordance competition hypothesis
Cisek, P. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2054 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.027 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Pre- and poststimulus activation of response channels: A psychophysiological analysis
Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., Sirevaag, E. J., Eriksen, C. W., & Donchin, E. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.14.3.331 · Cited by 895 · see citing works
Pre- and poststimulus activation of response channels: A psychophysiological analysis.
Gratton, G., COLES, M. G. H., Sirevaag, E. J., Eriksen, C. W., & Donchin, E. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.14.3.331 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01567-9 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Freeman, J. B., & Ambady, N. (2010) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.42.1.226 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Hidden cognitive states revealed in choice reaching tasks
Song, J., & Nakayama, K. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.009 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Changes of mind in decision-making
Resulaj, A., Kiani, R., Wolpert, D. M., & Shadlen, M. N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08275 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Continuous attraction toward phonological competitors
Spivey, M. J., Grosjean, M., & Knoblich, G. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503903102 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition
(2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816826 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
A psychophysiological investigation of the continuous flow model of human information processing.
COLES, M. G. H., Gratton, G., Bashore, T. R., Eriksen, C. W., & Donchin, E. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.11.5.529 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Spivey, M. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170788.001.0001 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Decisions in Changing Conditions: The Urgency-Gating Model
Cisek, P., Puskas, G. A., & El-Murr, S. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1844-09.2009 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
The Basal Ganglia and Cortex Implement Optimal Decision Making Between Alternative Actions
Bogacz, R., & GURNEY, K. N. (2007) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2007.19.2.442 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Hand in Motion Reveals Mind in Motion
Freeman, J., Dale, R., & Farmer, T. A. (2011) · Front. Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00059 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Motor control is decision-making
Wolpert, D. M., & Landy, M. S. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.05.003 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition
Benner, P. (2010) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1466-769x.2010.00446.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
A psychophysiological investigation of the continuous flow model of human information processing.
Coles, M. G., & al, E. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.11.5.529 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Cisek, P. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5605-05.2006 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
The anatomy of choice: active inference and agency
Friston, K., Schwartenbeck, P., FitzGerald, T., Moutoussis, M., Behrens, T., & Dolan, R. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00598 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Making decisions through a distributed consensus
Cisek, P. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.05.007 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Johnson, J. S., Sutterer, D., Acheson, D. J., Lewis‐Peacock, J. A., & Postle, B. R. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00128 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Decision making, movement planning and statistical decision theory
Trommershäuser, J., Maloney, L. T., & Landy, M. S. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.04.010 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Deliberation and Commitment in the Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex during Dynamic Decision Making
Thura, D., & Cisek, P. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.031 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Internally generated sequences in learning and executing goal-directed behavior
Pezzulo, G., van der Meer, M. A. A., Lansink, C. S., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.06.011 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationDeliberation in the Motor System: Reflex Gains Track Evolving Evidence Leading to a Decision
Selen, L. P. J., Shadlen, M. N., & Wolpert, D. M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5273-11.2012 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Combining Priors and Noisy Visual Cues in a Rapid Pointing Task
Tassinari, H., Hudson, T. E., & Landy, M. S. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2779-06.2006 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
On the challenges and mechanisms of embodied decisions
Cisek, P., & Pastor‐Bernier, A. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0479 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
The Mechanics of Embodiment: A Dialog on Embodiment and Computational Modeling
Pezzulo, G., Barsalou, L. W., Cangelosi, A., Fischer, M. H., McRae, K., & Spivey, M. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00005 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationChapman, C. S., Gallivan, J. P., Wood, D. K., Milne, J. L., Culham, J. C., & Goodale, M. A. (2010) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.04.008 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The influence of predicted arm biomechanics on decision making
Cos, I., Bélanger, N., & Cisek, P. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00975.2010 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Pezzulo, G., Rigoli, F., & Chersi, F. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00092 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationProblem Solving and Situated Cognition
Kirsh, D. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816826.015 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Thinking as the control of imagination: a conceptual framework for goal-directed systems
Pezzulo, G., & Castelfranchi, C. (2009) · Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung · doi:10.1007/s00426-009-0237-z · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationThe why, what, where, when and how of goal-directed choice: neuronal and computational principles
Verschure, P. F. M. J., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Pezzulo, G. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0483 · Cited by 131 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We make the case that as cognitive processes are studied in ever more ecological contexts, the importance of the cognitive embodiment will become increasingly apparent [65–67].”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeurobiology of Decision Making
Shadlen, M. N., Kiani, R., Hanks, T. D., & Churchland, A. K. (2008) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7735.003.0007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A Model of Reward- and Effort-Based Optimal Decision Making and Motor Control
Rigoux, L., & Guigon, E. (2012) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002716 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Motor effort alters changes of mind in sensorimotor decision making
Burk, D., Ingram, J. N., Franklin, D. W., Shadlen, M. N., & Wolpert, D. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092681 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Tsetsos, K., Gao, J., McClelland, J. L., & Usher, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00079 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Rapid prediction of biomechanical costs during action decisions
Cos, I., Duqué, J., & Cisek, P. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00147.2014 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Subjective costs drive overly patient foraging strategies in rats on an intertemporal foraging task
Wikenheiser, A. M., Stephens, D. W., & Redish, A. D. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1220738110 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Mind within the Brain: How We Make Decisions and How those Decisions Go Wrong
Redish, A. D. (2013) · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Movement Planning With Probabilistic Target Information
Hudson, T. E., Maloney, L. T., & Landy, M. S. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00858.2007 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Unfolding Visual Lexical Decision in Time
Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035932 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationDeSoto, M. C., Fabiani, M., Geary, D. C., & Gratton, G. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290152001934 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
(2008) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262195805.001.0001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The strategic nature of changing your mind
Walsh, M. M., & Anderson, J. R. (2008) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.09.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Tracking Second Thoughts: Continuous and Discrete Revision Processes during Visual Lexical Decision
Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116193 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationTracking the Temporal Evolution of a Perceptual Judgment Using a Compelled-Response Task
Shankar, S., Massoglia, D. P., Zhu, D., Costello, M. G., Stanford, T. R., & Salinas, E. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1419-11.2011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Basal Ganglia Optimize Decision Making over General Perceptual Hypotheses
Lepora, N. F., & GURNEY, K. N. (2012) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_00360 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimal decision-making in mammals: insights from a robot study of rodent texture discrimination
Lepora, N. F., Fox, C., Evans, M. H., Diamond, M. E., GURNEY, K. N., & Prescott, T. J. (2012) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2011.0750 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationvan der Wel, R. P. R. D., Eder, J. R., Mitchel, A. D., Walsh, M. M., & Rosenbaum, D. Α. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.35.2.588 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Spivey, M. J., Dale, R. A. C., Knoblich, G., & Grosjean, M. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0017170 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The principles of goal-directed decision-making: from neural mechanisms to computation and robotics
Pezzulo, G., Verschure, P. F. M. J., Balkenius, C., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0470 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationProactive Action Preparation: Seeing Action Preparation as a Continuous and Proactive Process
Pezzulo, G., & Ognibene, D. (2012) · Motor Control · doi:10.1123/mcj.16.3.386 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cat is on the Mat. or is it a Dog? Dynamic Competition in Perceptual Decision Making
Quinton, J., Volpi, N. C., Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2013.2279664 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationDegree of certainty modulates anticipatory processes in real time.
Bruhn, P., Huette, S., & Spivey, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0034365 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Shah, A., & Barto, A. G. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rickman, H. P., & Publishing, C. (1999) · Cogito · doi:10.5840/cogito199913235 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Biomechanical costs of reaching movements bias perceptual decisions
Marcos, E., Cos, I., Cisek, P., Girard, B., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2013) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-14-s1-p408 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control
Pezzulo, G., Rigoli, F., & Friston, K. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
“The expected precision or confidence about preferred outcomes reports on the progress towards the goal – like spatial proximity or sub-goals (Lepora and Pezzulo, 2015; Maisto et al., 2015) – and in accordance with early cybernetic models of purposive action such as the Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE)…”
Self-citationNavigating the Affordance Landscape: Feedback Control as a Process Model of Behavior and Cognition
Pezzulo, G., & Cisek, P. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.013 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationHierarchical active inference: A theory of motivated control
Pezzulo, G., Rigoli, F., & Friston, K. J. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.01.009 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Mouse-tracking Can Advance Social Cognitive Theory
Stillman, P. E., Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. J. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.03.012 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Multistable Perception and the Role of the Frontoparietal Cortex in Perceptual Inference
Brascamp, J. W., Sterzer, P., Blake, R., & Knapen, T. H. J. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010417-085944 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Doing Psychological Science by Hand
Freeman, J. B. (2018) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721417746793 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mutual anticipation can contribute to self-organization in human crowds
Murakami, H., Feliciani, C., Nishiyama, Y., & Nishinari, K. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe7758 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Models, movements, and minds: bridging the gap between decision making and action
Wispinski, N. J., Gallivan, J. P., & Chapman, C. S. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13973 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Active inference as a theory of sentient behavior
Pezzulo, G., Parr, T., & Friston, K. (2024) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108741 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationDecision-making in schizophrenia: A predictive-coding perspective
Sterzer, P., Voss, M., Schlagenhauf, F., & Heinz, A. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.074 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Yoo, S. B. M., Hayden, B. Y., & Pearson, J. M. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0664 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Beyond simple laboratory studies: Developing sophisticated models to study rich behavior
Maselli, A., Gordon, J. R., Eluchans, M., Lancia, G. L., Thiery, T., Moretti, R., Cisek, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2023) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2023.07.006 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationInteractional leader–follower sensorimotor communication strategies during repetitive joint actions
Candidi, M., Curioni, A., Donnarumma, F., Sacheli, L. M., & Pezzulo, G. (2015) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0644 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationAction perception as hypothesis testing
Donnarumma, F., Costantini, M., Ambrosini, E., Friston, K., & Pezzulo, G. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.016 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationThe road towards understanding embodied decisions
Gordon, J. R., Maselli, A., Lancia, G. L., Thiery, T., Cisek, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.034 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationActive inference and robot control: a case study
Pio‐Lopez, L., Nizard, A., Friston, K. J., & Pezzulo, G. (2016) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0616 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a neuroscience of natural behavior
Cisek, P., & Green, A. M. (2024) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2024.102859 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Embodied Cognition With and Without Mental Representations: The Case of Embodied Choices in Sports
Raab, M., & Araújo, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01825 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Design factors in mouse-tracking: What makes a difference?
Kieslich, P. J., Schoemann, M., Grage, T., Hepp, J., & Scherbaum, S. (2019) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-019-01228-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Track It to Crack It: Dissecting Processing Stages with Finger Tracking
Dotan, D., Pinheiro‐Chagas, P., Roumi, F. A., & Dehaene, S. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.10.002 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Fatigue increases the perception of future effort during decision making
Iodice, P., Calluso, C., Barca, L., Bertollo, M., Ripari, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.08.013 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationReaching decisions during ongoing movements
Michalski, J., Green, A. M., & Cisek, P. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00613.2019 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Decisions reduce sensitivity to subsequent information
Bronfman, Z. Z., Brezis, N., Moran, R., Tsetsos, K., Donner, T. H., & Usher, M. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0228 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A Neural Mechanism of Social Categorization
Stolier, R. M., & Freeman, J. B. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3334-16.2017 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Motor Cost Influences Perceptual Decisions
Marcos, E., Cos, I., Girard, B., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144841 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Donnarumma, F., Maisto, D., & Pezzulo, G. (2016) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004864 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationIn situ examination of decision-making skills and gaze behaviour of basketball players
van Maarseveen, M. J. J., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2017) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2017.12.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Tracking Second Thoughts: Continuous and Discrete Revision Processes during Visual Lexical Decision
Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116193 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Oxides for Photoneuromorphic Engineering: Toward a Solar Brain
Pérez‐Tomás, A. (2019) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.201900471 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Motor heuristics and embodied choices: how to choose and act
Raab, M. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.029 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Model-Based Approaches to Active Perception and Control
Pezzulo, G., Donnarumma, F., Iodice, P., Maisto, D., & Stoianov, I. P. (2017) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e19060266 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationPrefrontal Goal Codes Emerge as Latent States in Probabilistic Value Learning
Stoianov, I., Genovesio, A., & Pezzulo, G. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00886 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationDecision urgency invigorates movement in humans
Thura, D. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112477 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Movement tracking of psychological processes: A tutorial using mousetrapPreprint
Wulff, D. U., Kieslich, P. J., Henninger, F., Haslbeck, J. M. B., & Schulte‐Mecklenbeck, M. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/v685r · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Motor invariants in action execution and perception
Torricelli, F., Tomassini, A., Pezzulo, G., Pozzo, T., Fadiga, L., & D’Ausilio, A. (2022) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.11.003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationIodice, P., Ferrante, C., Brunetti, L., Cabib, S., Protasi, F., Walton, M. E., & Pezzulo, G. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00561-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased heart rate after exercise facilitates the processing of fearful but not disgusted faces
Pezzulo, G., Iodice, P., Barca, L., Chaussé, P., Monceau, S., & Mermillod, M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18761-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationHead, Heart, and Gut in Decision Making: Development of a Multiple Brain Preference Questionnaire
Soosalu, G., Henwood, S. M., & Deo, A. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019837439 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Schoemann, M., Lüken, M., Grage, T., Kieslich, P. J., & Scherbaum, S. (2019) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-018-1179-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mutual information-enhanced digital twin promotes vision-guided robotic grasping
Hu, F.-W. (2022) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2022.101562 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Tracking and simulating dynamics of implicit stereotypes: A situated social cognition perspective.
Smeding, A., Quinton, J., Lauer, K., Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000063 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationA Kiosk Station for the Assessment of Multiple Cognitive Domains and Cognitive Enrichment of Monkeys
Womelsdorf, T., Thomas, C., Neumann, A. R., Watson, M. R., Boroujeni, K. B., Hassani, S. A., Parker, J. M., & Hoffman, K. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.721069 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Slowing the body slows down time perception
Kock, R. D., Zhou, W., Joiner, W. M., & Wiener, M. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.63607 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Analysis of hand kinematics reveals inter-individual differences in intertemporal decision dynamics
Calluso, C., Committeri, G., Pezzulo, G., Lepora, N. F., & Tosoni, A. (2015) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4427-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationGriffith, T., Baker, S.-A., & Lepora, N. F. (2021) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102544 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEmbodied decisions during walking
Grießbach, E., Raßbach, P., Herbort, O., & Cañal‐Bruland, R. (2022) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00149.2022 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Movement characteristics impact decision-making and vice versa
Carsten, T., Fievez, F., & Duqué, J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30325-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Changes of Mind after Movement Onset Depend on the State of the Motor System
Cos, I., Pezzulo, G., & Cisek, P. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0174-21.2021 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationIntrachoice Dynamics Shape Social Decisions
Chen, F., Zhu, Z., Shen, Q., Krajbich, I. M., & Hare, T. A. (2023) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2023.4732 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
How do you hold your mouse? Tracking the compatibility effect between hand posture and stimulus size
Flumini, A., Barca, L., Borghi, A. M., & Pezzulo, G. (2014) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0622-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationGrage, T., Schoemann, M., Kieslich, P. J., & Scherbaum, S. (2019) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01889-z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Voigt, L., Friedrich, J. C., Grove, P. A., Heinrich, N., Ittlinger, S., Iskra, M., Koop, L., Michirev, A., Sparascio, S., & Raab, M. (2022) · Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.09.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Quétard, B., Quinton, J., Mermillod, M., Barca, L., Pezzulo, G., Colomb, M., & Izaute, M. (2016) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/16.11.28 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of the neurobiomechanical processes underlying secure gripping in object manipulation
O’Shea, H., & Redmond, S. J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Body dynamics of gait affect value-based decisions
Grießbach, E., Incagli, F., Herbort, O., & Cañal‐Bruland, R. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91285-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ultimate Grounding of Abstract Concepts: A Graded Account
Reinboth, T., & Farkaš, I. (2022) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.214 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Embodied decisions as active inference
Priorelli, M., Stoianov, I. P., & Pezzulo, G. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013180 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Practices in Game-Based Assessment
Verma, V., Baron, T., Bansal, A., & Amresh, A. (2019) · Advances in game-based learning · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15569-8_16 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Embodied Decision-Making Style: Below and Beyond Cognition
Connors, B. L., & Rende, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01123 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vulchanova, M., Chahboun, S., Galindo‐Prieto, B., & Vulchanov, V. (2019) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2019.1652155 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Enachescu, V., Schrater, P., Schaal, S., & Christopoulos, V. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009429 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Huesmann, K., & Loffing, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396873 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Murakami, H., Tomaru, T., Feliciani, C., & Nishiyama, Y. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105474 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Movement Matters! Understanding the Developmental Trajectory of Embodied Planning
Musculus, L., Ruggeri, A., & Raab, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633100 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Heuer, H., Seegelke, C., & Wühr, P. (2023) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.252 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rat movements reflect internal decision dynamics in an evidence accumulation task
Kane, G. A., Senne, R. A., & Scott, B. B. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00181.2024 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lancia, G. L., Eluchans, M., D’Alessandro, M., Spiers, H. J., & Pezzulo, G. (2023) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010829 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHsu, H., Ke, C., Kuan, T., Yang, H., Tsai, C.-L., & Kuo, L. (2017) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.07.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The response dynamics of recognition memory: Sensitivity and bias.
Koop, G. J., & Criss, A. H. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000202 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Playing ‘Pong’ Together: Emergent Coordination in a Doubles Interception Task
Benerink, N. H., Zaal, F. T. J. M., Casanova, R., Bonnardel, N., & Bootsma, R. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01910 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Dynamical System for Prioritizing and Coordinating Motivations
Reverdy, P. B., & Koditschek, D. E. (2018) · SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems · doi:10.1137/17m111972x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Quétard, B., Quinton, J., Colomb, M., Pezzulo, G., Barca, L., Izaute, M., Appadoo, O. K., & Mermillod, M. (2015) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-015-0673-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling Motor Control in Continuous Time Active Inference: A Survey
Priorelli, M., Maggiore, F., Maselli, A., Donnarumma, F., Maisto, D., Mannella, F., Stoianov, I. P., & Pezzulo, G. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2023.3338491 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationBiomechanical costs influence decisions made during ongoing actions
Canaveral, C. A., Lata, W., Green, A. M., & Cisek, P. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00090.2024 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Walser, R. S., Seeber, I., & Maier, R. K. (2019) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00119 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Risky decisions are influenced by individual attributes as a function of risk preference
Lee, D. G., D’Alessandro, M., Iodice, P., Calluso, C., Rustichini, A., & Pezzulo, G. (2023) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2023.101614 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationEmbodied Decisions and the Predictive Brain
Burr, C. (2017) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · doi:10.15502/9783958573086 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rapid, systematic updating of movement by accumulated decision evidence
Molano‐Mazón, M., Garcia-Duran, A., Pastor‐Ciurana, J., Hernández-Navarro, L., Bektic, L., Lombardo, D., de la Rocha, J., & Hyafil, A. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53586-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Deciding while moving: Cognitive interference biases value-based decisions
Raßbach, P., Grießbach, E., Cañal‐Bruland, R., & Herbort, O. (2021) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103449 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Moving forward in perceptual decision making
Sterzer, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1605619113 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Embodied decision making in athletes and other animals
Maselli, A., Iodice, P., Cisek, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102915 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationSensorimotor Coarticulation in the Execution and Recognition of Intentional Actions
Donnarumma, F., Dindo, H., & Pezzulo, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00237 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationPfister, R., Bogon, J., Foerster, A., Kunde, W., & Moeller, B. (2022) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.212 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Barca, L., Benedetti, F., & Pezzulo, G. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2015.1101117 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe integrated control of decision and movement vigor
Thura, D., Haith, A. M., Derosière, G., & Duqué, J. (2025) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2025.07.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Decision heuristics in contexts integrating action selection and execution
Dundon, N. M., Colas, J. T., Garrett, N., Babenko, V., Rizor, E. J., Yang, D., MacNamara, M., Petzold, L. R., & Grafton, S. T. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33008-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Adversarial inference: predictive minds in the attention economy
Bruineberg, J. (2023) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niad019 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
DIANA, a Process-Oriented Model of Human Auditory Word Recognition
ten Bosch, L., Boves, L., & Ernestus, M. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12050681 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Evidence for entropy maximisation in human free choice behaviour
Rens, N., Lancia, G. L., Eluchans, M., Schwartenbeck, P., Cunnington, R., & Pezzulo, G. (2022) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105328 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDamian, M. F., Ye, W., OH, M., & Yang, S. (2018) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728918000901 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Beyond reach: Do symmetric changes in motor costs affect decision making? A registered report
Zgonnikov, A., Atiya, N. A. A., O’Hora, D. P., Rañó, I., & Wong‐Lin, K. (2019) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500006136 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Elite Players Invest Additional Time for Making Better Embodied Choices
Hinz, M., Lehmann, N., & Musculus, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873474 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Online Movements Reflect Ongoing Deliberation
Calalo, J. A., Ngo, T. T., Sullivan, S. R., Strand, K., Buggeln, J. H., Lokesh, R., Roth, A. M., Carter, M. J., Kurtzer, I. L., & Cashaback, J. G. A. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1913-24.2025 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Multiple timescales of body schema reorganization due to plastic surgery.
Iodice, P., Scuderi, N., Saggini, R., & Pezzulo, G. (2015) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.04.009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMoral decisions in the age of COVID-19: Your choices really matter
Donnarumma, F., & Pezzulo, G. (2021) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100149 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMannella, F., & Tummolini, L. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0370 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Predictive Learning of Error Recovery with a Sensorized Passivity‐Based Soft Anthropomorphic Hand
Gilday, K., Thuruthel, T. G., & Fumiya Iida, A. (2023) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202200390 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Smeding, A., Gautheron, F., & Quinton, J. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.107006 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Computer mouse tracking reveals motor signatures in a cognitive task of spatial language grounding
Lins, J., & Schöner, G. (2019) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01847-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Quétard, B., Spatola, N., Parris, B. A., Ferrand, L., & Augustinova, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279036 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lepora, N. F., & Pezzulo, G.
- Affiliations
- University of the West of England (GB)
- National Research Council (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pezzulo, Giovanni
- Venue
- PLOS Computational Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-04-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e1004110
- ISSN
- 1553-734X (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7358
- PMC
- PMC4388485
- OpenAlex
- W2060215462
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 10.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Computational Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nvidia
- European Commission (270108)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- perceptual decision making, action preparation, commitment effect, trajectory tracking, response latency, response accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Decision Support Techniques, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Perception, Task Performance and Analysis, Ecosystem, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
