The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Discerning the Ancestry of European Americans in Genetic Association Studies
Open accessAbstract
European Americans are often treated as a homogeneous group, but in fact form a structured population due to historical immigration of diverse source populations. Discerning the ancestry of European Americans genotyped in association studies is important in order to prevent false-positive or false-negative associations due to population stratification and to identify genetic variants whose contribution to disease risk differs across European ancestries. Here, we investigate empirical patterns of population structure in European Americans, analyzing 4,198 samples from four genome-wide association studies to show that components roughly corresponding to northwest European, southeast European, and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry are the main sources of European American population structure. Building on this insight, we constructed a panel of 300 validated markers that are highly informative for distinguishing these ancestries. We demonstrate that this panel of markers can be used to correct for stratification in association studies that do not generate dense genotype data.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This false positive association between the LCT locus and skin pigmentation mirrors the false positive association found between the LCT locus and height [31], [32].”
From Genome-Wide Association Studies of Quantitatively Measured Skin, Hair, and Eye Pigmentation in Four European Populations (2012) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies have shown that more than 1,000 ancestry-informative markers are needed to derive the first two genetic PCs of European structure adequately representing the North/South and East/West axes of differentiation [32], [48].”
From Genome-Wide Association Studies of Quantitatively Measured Skin, Hair, and Eye Pigmentation in Four European Populations (2012) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies
Price, A. L., Patterson, N. J., Plenge, R. M., Weinblatt, M. E., Shadick, N. A., & Reich, D. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1847 · Cited by 10,248
Self-citationGenome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05911 · Cited by 9,442
A haplotype map of the human genome
The International HapMap Consortium (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04226 · Cited by 5,858
Population Structure and Eigenanalysis
Patterson, N., Price, A. L., & Reich, D. (2006) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190 · Cited by 5,280
Self-citationThe History and Geography of Human Genes
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Menozzi, P., & Piazza, A. (2018) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv301gjp · Cited by 3,175
Genomic Control for Association Studies
Devlin, B., & Roeder, K. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00997.x · Cited by 3,162 · cited 1×
“We computed values of k, a metric describing genome-wide inflation in association statistics [18], both before or after correcting for stratification using the EIGENSTRAT method [9].”
MethodA Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies IL23R as an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gene
Duerr, R. H., Taylor, K. D., Brant, S. R., Rioux, J. D., Silverberg, M. S., Daly, M. J., Steinhart, A. H., Abraham, C., Regueiro, M., Griffiths, A., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135245 · Cited by 3,039
A Map of Recent Positive Selection in the Human Genome
Voight, B. F., Kudaravalli, S., Wen, X., & Pritchard, J. K. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040072 · Cited by 2,925
Association mapping in structured populations.
Pritchard, J. K., Stephens, M., Rosenberg, N., & Donnelly, P. (2000) · American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302959 · Cited by 2,066
The common PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
Altshuler, D., Hirschhorn, J. N., Klannemark, M., Lindgren, C. M., Vohl, M.-C., Nemesh, J., Lane, C. R., Schaffner, S. F., Bolk, S., Brewer, C., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/79216 · Cited by 1,766
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2001, Do Ashkenazi Jews have a higher than expected cancer burden?, Israel Medical Association Journal, 3, 341
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals
Alexander, D. H., Novembre, J., & Lange, K. (2009) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.094052.109 · Cited by 9,898
Genome-wide association studies for complex traits: consensus, uncertainty and challenges
McCarthy, M. I., Abecasis, G. R., Cardon, L. R., Goldstein, D. B., Little, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Hirschhorn, J. N. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2344 · Cited by 2,891
Self-citationVisscher, P. M., Brown, M. A., McCarthy, M. I., & Yang, J. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.029 · Cited by 2,425
Benefits and limitations of genome-wide association studies
Tam, V., Patel, N. K., Turcotte, M., Bossé, Y., Paré, G., & Meyre, D. (2019) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0127-1 · Cited by 2,208
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., & Dunaif, A. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034 · Cited by 1,947
Genome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia loci
The Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.940 · Cited by 1,919
Genes mirror geography within Europe
Novembre, J., Johnson, T., Bryc, K., Kutalik, Z., Boyko, A. R., Auton, A., Indap, A., King, K. S., Bergmann, S., Nelson, M. R., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07331 · Cited by 1,479
Speliotes, E. K., Yerges-Armstrong, L. M., Wu, J., Hernaez, R., Kim, L. J., Palmer, C. D., Gudnason, V., Eiriksdottir, G., Garcia, M. E., Launer, L. J., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001324 · Cited by 984
Self-citationPopulation differentiation as a test for selective sweepsPreprint
Chen, H., Patterson, N. J., & Reich, D. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.100545.109 · Cited by 916
Self-citationMYH9 is a major-effect risk gene for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Kopp, J. B., Smith, M. W., Nelson, G. W., Johnson, R. C., Freedman, B. I., Bowden, D. W., Oleksyk, T. K., McKenzie, L. M., Kajiyama, H., Ahuja, T. S., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.226 · Cited by 709
Pitfalls of predicting complex traits from SNPs
Wray, N. R., Yang, J., Hayes, B. J., Price, A. L., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3457 · Cited by 690
Self-citationAn overview of STRUCTURE: applications, parameter settings, and supporting software
Porras-Hurtado, L., Ruíz, Y., Santos, C., Phillips, C., Carracedo, Á., & Lareu, M. V. (2013) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00098 · Cited by 646
Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth
Initiative, T. D. G., Lettre, G., FUSION, KORA, The Prostate, L. C. A. O. C. S. T., Study, T. N. H., SardiNIA, Jackson, A., Gieger, C., Schumacher, F. R., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.125 · Cited by 599
Self-citationThe fine-scale genetic structure of the British population
Leslie, S., WINNEY, B. J., Hellenthal, G., Davison, D., Boumertit, A., Day, T., Hutnik, K., Røyrvik, E. C., Cunliffe, B. W., Lawson, D. J., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14230 · Cited by 572
Kosoy, R., Nassir, R., Tian, C., White, P. A., Butler, L. M., SILVA, G. H. D. O., Kittles, R. A., Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E., Gregersen, P. K., Belmont, J. W., et al. (2008) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.20822 · Cited by 539
Correlation between Genetic and Geographic Structure in Europe
Lao, O., Lu, T. T., Nothnagel, M., Junge, O., Freitag-Wolf, S., Caliebe, A., Balascakova, M., Bertranpetit, J., Bindoff, L. A., Comas, D., et al. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049 · Cited by 503
LaFramboise, T. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp552 · Cited by 467
Genetic signatures of exceptional longevity in humans
Sebastiani, P., Solovieff, N., DeWan, A. T., Walsh, K. M., Puca, A., Hartley, S. W., Melista, E., Andersen, S., Dworkis, D. A., Wilk, J. B., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029848 · Cited by 464
Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East
Nelis, M., Esko, T., Mägi, R., Zimprich, F., Zimprich, A. A., Toncheva, D. I., Karachanak-Yankova, S., Piskackova, T., Balaščák, I., Peltonen, L., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472 · Cited by 432
The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people
Behar, D. M., Yunusbayev, B., Metspalu, M., Metspalu, E., Rosset, S., Parik, J., Rootsi, S., Chaubey, G., Kutuev, I. A., Yudkovsky, G., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09103 · Cited by 410
Sidore, C., Busonero, F., Maschio, A., Porcu, E., Naitza, S., Żołędziewska, M., Mulas, A., Pistis, G., Steri, M., Danjou, F., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3368 · Cited by 386
Keating, B. J., Tischfield, S. E., Murray, S. S., Bhangale, T., Price, T. S., Glessner, J., Galver, L., Barrett, J. C., Grant, S. F. A., Farlow, D., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003583 · Cited by 373
Self-citationFast Principal-Component Analysis Reveals Convergent Evolution of ADH1B in Europe and East Asia
Galinsky, K. J., Bhatia, G., Loh, P., Georgiev, S., Mukherjee, S., Patterson, N. J., & Price, A. L. (2016) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.022 · Cited by 374
Self-citationAccounting for ancestry: population substructure and genome-wide association studies
Tian, C., Gregersen, P. K., & Seldin, M. F. (2008) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn268 · Cited by 375
Speliotes, E. K., Butler, J. L., Palmer, C. D., Voight, B. F., & Hirschhorn, J. N. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23768 · Cited by 362
Self-citationFujimura, J. H., & Rajagopalan, R. M. (2010) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/0306312710379170 · Cited by 360
Paré, G., Chasman, D. I., Kellogg, M., Zee, R. Y. L., Rifai, N., Badola, S., Miletich, J. P., & Ridker, P. M. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000118 · Cited by 341
Recent Advances in the Genetics of Autoimmune Disease
Gregersen, P. K., & Olsson, L. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132653 · Cited by 343
Banda, Y., Kvale, M. N., Hoffmann, T. J., Hesselson, S., Ranatunga, D. K., Tang, H., Sabatti, C., Croen, L., Dispensa, B. P., Henderson, M., et al. (2015) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.115.178616 · Cited by 323
Elhaik, E. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14395-4 · Cited by 342
Exercise training and DNA methylation in humans
Voisin, S. A. C., Eynon, N., Yan, X., & Bishop, D. J. (2014) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12414 · Cited by 297
Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis across 39 Studies Identifies Type 2 Diabetes Loci
Saxena, R., Elbers, C. C., Guo, Y., Peter, I., Gaunt, T. R., Mega, J. L., Lanktree, M. B., Tare, A., Castillo, B. A., Li, Y. R., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.022 · Cited by 270
Atzmon, G., Hao, L., Pe'er, I., Velez, C., Pearlman, A., Palamara, P. F., Morrow, B., Friedman, E., Oddoux, C., Burns, E., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015 · Cited by 260
European Ancestry as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans
Marcus, G. M., Alonso, A., Peralta, C. A., Lettre, G., Vittinghoff, E., Lubitz, S. A., Fox, E. R., Levitzky, Y. S., Mehra, R., Kerr, K. F., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.958306 · Cited by 255
Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-analysis across 32 Studies Identifies Multiple Lipid Loci
Asselbergs, F. W., Guo, Y., van Iperen, E. P. A., Sivapalaratnam, S., Tragante, V., Lanktree, M. B., Lange, L. A., Almoguera, B., Appelman, Y., Barnard, J., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.032 · Cited by 253
Wijsman, E. M., Pankratz, N., Choi, Y., Rothstein, J. H., Faber, K. M., Cheng, R., Lee, J. H., Bird, T. D., Bennett, D. A., Diaz-Arrastia, R. R., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001308 · Cited by 229
Toll-Like Receptor Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Women
Hawn, T. R., Scholes, D., Li, S. S., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Roberts, P. L., Stapleton, A. E., Janer, M., Aderem, A. A., Stamm, W. E., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005990 · Cited by 215
Paterson, A. D., Lopes-Virella, M. F., Waggott, D. M., Boright, A. P., Hosseini, S. M., Carter, R. E., Enqing, S., Mirea, L., Bharaj, B., Sun, L., et al. (2009) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.192971 · Cited by 211
Population Substructure and Control Selection in Genome-Wide Association Studies
Yu, K. F., Wang, Z., Li, Q., Wacholder, S., Hunter, D. J., Hoover, R. N., Chanock, S. J., & Thomas, G. D. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002551 · Cited by 202
Improved ancestry inference using weights from external reference panels
Chen, C., Pollack, S. J., Hunter, D. J., Hirschhorn, J. N., Kraft, P. L., & Price, A. L. (2013) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt144 · Cited by 187
Self-citationNovel loci and pathways significantly associated with longevity
Zeng, Y., Nie, C., Min, J., Liu, X., Li, M., Chen, H., Xu, H., Wang, M., Ni, T., Li, Y., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21243 · Cited by 195
Carmi, S., Hui, K. Y., Kochav, E., Liu, X., Xue, J., Grady, F., Guha, S., Upadhyay, K., Ben-Avraham, D., Mukherjee, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5835 · Cited by 188
Nassir, R., Kosoy, R., Tian, C., White, P. A., Butler, L. M., Silva, G. O., Kittles, R. A., Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E., Gregersen, P. K., Belmont, J. W., et al. (2009) · BMC Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-39 · Cited by 184
Salmela, E., Lappalainen, T., Fransson, I., Andersen, P. M., Dahlman‐Wright, K., Fiebig, A., Sistonen, P., Savontaus, M., Schreiber, S., Kere, J., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003519 · Cited by 192
Genome-wide association study confirms extant PD risk loci among the Dutch
Simón‐Sánchez, J., van Hilten, J. J., van de Warrenburg, B. P. C., Post, B., Berendse, H. W., Arepalli, S., Hernandez, D. G., de Bie, R. M. A., Velseboer, D. C., Scheffer, H., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.254 · Cited by 178
Joehanes, R., Zhang, X., Huan, T., Yao, C., Ying, S., Nguyen, Q. T., Demirkale, C. Y., Feolo, M., Sharopova, N., Sturcke, A., et al. (2017) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1142-6 · Cited by 178
The Genome-wide Patterns of Variation Expose Significant Substructure in a Founder Population
Jakkula, E., Rehnström, K., Varilo, T., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Paunio, T., Pedersen, N. L., DeFaire, U., Järvelin, M., Saharinen, J., Freimer, N. B., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.005 · Cited by 162
Heath, S. C., Gut, I. G., Brennan, P., McKay, J., Bencko, V., Fabiánová, E., Foretová, L., Georges, M., Janout, V., Kabesch, M., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.210 · Cited by 161
A Genome-Wide Scan of Ashkenazi Jewish Crohn's Disease Suggests Novel Susceptibility Loci
Kenny, E. E., Pe’er, I., Karban, A. A., Ozelius, L. J., Mitchell, A. A., Ng, S. M. E., Erazo, M., D, H. O. M., Abraham, C., Abreu, M. T., et al. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002559 · Cited by 163
Association of IFIH1 and other autoimmunity risk alleles with selective IgA deficiency
Ferreira, R. C., Pan‐Hammarström, Q., Graham, R., Gateva, V., Fontán, G., Lee, A. T., Ortmann, W. A., Urcelay, E., Fernández‐Arquero, M., Núñez, C., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.644 · Cited by 151
Nurses transforming health care using genetics and genomics
Calzone, K. A., Cashion, A. K., FEETHAM, S. L., Jenkins, J., Prows, C. A., Williams, J. K., & Wung, S. (2010) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2009.05.001 · Cited by 157
Genetic Signatures of Exceptional Longevity in Humans
Sebastiani, P., Solovieff, N., Puca, A., Hartley, S. W., Melista, E., Andersen, S., Dworkis, D. A., Wilk, J. B., Myers, R. H., Steinberg, M. H., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1190532 · Cited by 141
RetractedGenome-wide methylation data mirror ancestry information
Rahmani, E., Shenhav, L., Schweiger, R., Yousefi, P., Huen, K., Eskenazi, B., Eng, C. S., Huntsman, S., Hu, D., Galanter, J., et al. (2017) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0108-y · Cited by 140
Brazilian urban population genetic structure reveals a high degree of admixture
Giolo, S. R., Soler, J. M. P., Greenway, S. C., Almeida, M., de Andrade, M., Seidman, J. G., Seidman, C. E., Krieger, J. E., & Pereira, A. C. (2011) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.144 · Cited by 135
Mutharasan, P., Galdones, E., Bernabé, B. P., Garcia, O. A., Jafari, N., Shea, L. D., Woodruff, T. K., Legro, R. S., Dunaif, A. E., & Urbanek, M. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2471 · Cited by 133
Lanktree, M. B., Guo, Y., Murtaza, M., Glessner, J., Bailey, S. D., Onland‐Moret, N. C., Lettre, G., Ongen, H., Rajagopalan, R., Johnson, T., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.007 · Cited by 130
Meyers, K. J., Mares, J. A., Igo, R. P., Truitt, B. J., Liu, Z., Millen, A. E., Klein, R., Johnson, E. J., Engelman, C. D., Karki, C. K., et al. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13216 · Cited by 136
Davies, R. W., Wells, G. A., Stewart, A. F. R., Erdmann, J., Shah, S. H., Ferguson, J. F., Hall, A. S., Anand, S. S., Burnett, M. S., Epstein, S. E., et al. (2012) · Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics · doi:10.1161/circgenetics.111.961243 · Cited by 129
Identifying modifier genes of monogenic disease: strategies and difficulties
Génin, E., Feingold, J., & Clerget-Darpoux, F. (2008) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0560-2 · Cited by 126
Kurreeman, F. A. S., Liao, K. P., Chibnik, L. B., Hickey, B., Stahl, E. A., Gainer, V. S., Li, G., Bry, L., Mahan, S. P., Ardlie, K., et al. (2011) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.12.007 · Cited by 122
Self-citationCapasso, M., Diskin, S. J., Totaro, F., Longo, L., Mariano, M. D., Russo, R., Cimmino, F., Hakonarson, H. H., Tonini, G. P., Devoto, M., et al. (2012) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs380 · Cited by 115
Nievergelt, C. M., Maihofer, A. X., Shekhtman, T., Libiger, O., Wang, X., Kídd, K. K., & Kidd, J. R. (2013) · Investigative Genetics · doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-13 · Cited by 112
Analysis of East Asia Genetic Substructure Using Genome-Wide SNP Arrays
Tian, C., Kosoy, R., Lee, A., Ransom, M., Belmont, J. W., Gregersen, P. K., & Seldin, M. F. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003862 · Cited by 114
Peyrot, W. J., & Price, A. L. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00787-1 · Cited by 107
Self-citationCandille, S. I., Absher, D. M., Beleza, S., Bauchet, M., McEvoy, B., Garrison, N. A., Li, J. Z., Myers, R. M., Barsh, G. S., Tang, H., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048294 · Cited by 111
Detection of selective sweeps in structured populations: a comparison of recent methods
Vatsiou, A. I., Bazin, E., & Gaggiotti, O. E. (2016) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.13360 · Cited by 111
Clustering of 770,000 genomes reveals post-colonial population structure of North America
Han, E., Carbonetto, P. S., Curtis, R. E., Wang, Y., Granka, J. M., Byrnes, J., Noto, K., Kermany, A. R., Myres, N. M., Barber, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14238 · Cited by 107
The Impact of Divergence Time on the Nature of Population Structure: An Example from Iceland
Price, A. L., Helgason, A., Pálsson, S., Stefánsson, H., Clair, D. S., Andreassen, O. A., Reich, D., Kong, A., & Stefánsson, K. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000505 · Cited by 99
Self-citationAncestry Composition: A Novel, Efficient Pipeline for Ancestry Deconvolution
Durand, E. Y., Do, C. B., Mountain, J. L., & Macpherson, J. M. (2014) · doi:10.1101/010512 · Cited by 108
A Genetic Risk Score Combining Ten Psoriasis Risk Loci Improves Disease Prediction
Chen, H., Poon, A., Yeung, C. H.-Y., Helms, C., Pons, J., Bowcock, A. M., Kwok, P., & Liao, W. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019454 · Cited by 100
Tian, C., Kosoy, R., Nassir, R., Lee, A., Villoslada, P., Klareskog, L., Hammarström, L. L. G., Garchon, H., Pulver, A. E., Ransom, M., et al. (2009) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00094 · Cited by 100
No Evidence from Genome-Wide Data of a Khazar Origin for the Ashkenazi Jews
Behar, D. M., Metspalu, M., Baran, Y., Kopelman, N. M., Yunusbayev, B., Gladstein, A. L., Tzur, S., Sahakyan, H., Bahmanimehr, A., Yepiskoposyan, L., et al. (2013) · Human Biology · doi:10.3378/027.085.0604 · Cited by 96
The MYH9/APOL1 region and chronic kidney disease in European-Americans
O’Seaghdha, C. M., Parekh, R. S., Hwang, S., Li, M., Köttgen, A., Coresh, J., Yang, Q., Fox, C. S., & Kao, W. H. L. (2011) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr118 · Cited by 95
Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe
Tříska, P., Chekanov, N., Степанов, В. А., Хуснутдинова, Э. К., Kumar, G. P. A., Akhmetova, V. R., Babalyan, K., Boulygina, E., Харьков, В. Н., Gubina, M. A., et al. (2017) · BMC Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3 · Cited by 99
Geographical structure and differential natural selection among North European populationsPreprint
McEvoy, B. P., Montgomery, G., McRae, A. F., Ripatti, S., Perola, M., Spector, T. D., Cherkas, L., Ahmadi, K. R., Boomsma, D., Willemsen, G., et al. (2009) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.083394.108 · Cited by 95
Decoding an olfactory mechanism of kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance in a primate
Boulet, M., Charpentier, M. J. E., & Drea, C. M. (2009) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-281 · Cited by 96
Alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency–related alleles Z and S and the risk of Wegener's granulomatosis
Mahr, A., Edberg, J. C., Stone, J. H., Hoffman, G. S., Clair, E. W. S., Specks, U., Dellaripa, P. F., Seo, P., Spiera, R., Rouhani, F. N., et al. (2010) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.27742 · Cited by 95
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence AIDS progression
Hendrickson, S. L., Hutcheson, H. B., Ruiz‐Pesini, E., Poole, J. C., Lautenberger, J. A., Sezgın, E., Kingsley, L., Goedert, J. J., Vlahov, D., Donfield, S. M., et al. (2008) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32831940bb · Cited by 95
Fine-scaled human genetic structure revealed by SNP microarraysPreprint
Xing, J., Watkins, W. S., Witherspoon, D. J., Zhang, Y., Guthery, S. L., THARA, R., Mowry, B. J., Bulayeva, K., Weiss, R. B., & Jorde, L. B. (2009) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.085589.108 · Cited by 92
Meyers, K. J., Johnson, E. J., Bernstein, P. S., Iyengar, S. K., Engelman, C. D., Karki, C. K., Liu, Z., Igo, R. P., Truitt, B. J., Klein, M. L., et al. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10867 · Cited by 92
Ancestry informative markers for fine-scale individual assignment to worldwide populations
Paschou, P., Lewis, J., Javed, A., & Petros Drineas, B. (2010) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2010.078212 · Cited by 94
Sex Differences in Genetic Associations With Longevity
Zeng, Y., Nie, C., Min, J., Chen, H., Liu, X., Ye, R., Chen, Z., Bai, C., Xie, E., Yin, Z., et al. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1670 · Cited by 91
Perspectives on Human Population Structure at the Cusp of the Sequencing Era
Novembre, J., & Ramachandran, S. (2011) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-090810-183123 · Cited by 88
Perspectives in polycystic ovary syndrome: From hair to eternity
Dunaif, A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3780 · Cited by 87
Hao, K., Chudin, E., McElwee, J. J., & Schadt, E. E. (2009) · BMC Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-27 · Cited by 90
Guo, Y., Lanktree, M. B., Taylor, K. C., Hakonarson, H. H., Lange, L. A., & Keating, B. J. (2012) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/dds396 · Cited by 85
Tracing Sub-Structure in the European American Population with PCA-Informative Markers
Paschou, P., Petros Drineas, B., Lewis, J., Nievergelt, C. M., Nickerson, D. A., Smith, J. D., Ridker, P. M., Chasman, D. I., Krauss, R. M., & Ziv, E. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000114 · Cited by 86
Xing, J., Woodward, S. R., Shlien, A., Walker, E. J., Huff, C. D., Witherspoon, D. J., Zhang, Y., Simonson, T. S., Weiss, R. B., Schiffman, J. D., et al. (2010) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.07.004 · Cited by 83
Association study of IL10 and IL23R–IL12RB2 in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease
Xavier, J. M., Shahram, F., Davatchi, F., Rosa, A., Crespo, J., Abdollahi, B. S., Nadji, A., Jesus, G., Barcelos, F., Patto, J. V., et al. (2012) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.34437 · Cited by 82
Bossé, Y., Bacot, F., Montpetit, A., Rung, J., Qu, H., Engert, J. C., Polychronakos, C., Hudson, T. J., Froguel, P., SLADEK, R. M., et al. (2009) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0626-9 · Cited by 82
Adib, E., Nassar, A. H., Alaiwi, S. A., Groha, S., Akl, E. W., Sholl, L. M., Michael, K., Awad, M. M., Janne, P. A., Gusev, A., et al. (2022) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-022-01041-x · Cited by 79
Clines Without Classes: How to Make Sense of Human Variation
Fujimura, J. H., Bolnick, D. A., Rajagopalan, R., Kaufman, J. S., Lewontin, R. C., Duster, T., Ossorio, P., & Marks, J. (2014) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1177/0735275114551611 · Cited by 76
Rheumatoid arthritis: a view of the current genetic landscape
Coenen, M. J. H., & Gregersen, P. K. (2008) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/gene.2008.77 · Cited by 79
Engelman, C. D., Meyers, K. J., Iyengar, S. K., Liu, Z., Karki, C. K., Igo, R. P., Truitt, B. J., Robinson, J. G., Sarto, G. E., Wallace, R. B., et al. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.169482 · Cited by 73
Tayo, B. O., Teil, M., Tong, L., Qin, H., Khitrov, G., Zhang, W., Song, Q., Gottesman, O., Zhu, X., Pereira, A. C., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019166 · Cited by 70
Need, A. C., Kasperavičiūtė, D., Cirulli, E. T., & Goldstein, D. B. (2009) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-1-r7 · Cited by 70
Self-citationProfiling and Leveraging Relatedness in a Precision Medicine Cohort of 92,455 Exomes
Staples, J. C., Maxwell, E. K., Gosalia, N., Gonzaga-Jauregui, C. G., Snyder, C., Hawes, A. C., Penn, J., Ulloa, R. H., Bai, X., Lopez, A. E., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.012 · Cited by 66
Genetic regulation of adult stature
Lettre, G. (2009) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32832c6dce · Cited by 70
Barnholtz-Sloan, J., Mcevoy, B. P., Shriver, M., & Rebbeck, T. (2008) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0491 · Cited by 70
Guthridge, J. M., Lu, R., Sun, H., Sun, C., Wiley, G. B., Domínguez, N., Macwana, S., Lessard, C. J., Kim-Howard, X., Cobb, B. L., et al. (2014) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.008 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Price, A. L., Butler, J., Patterson, N., Capelli, C., Pascali, V. L., Scarnicci, F., Ruiz-Linares, A., Groop, L., Saetta, A. A., Korkolopoulou, P., Seligsohn, U., Waliszewska, A., Schirmer, C., Ardlie, K., Ramos, A., Nemesh, J., Arbeitman, L., Goldstein, D. B., Reich, D., & Hirschhorn, J. N.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Lund University (SE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Sheba Medical Center (IL)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Price, Alkes L
- Reich, David
- Hirschhorn, Joel N
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2008-01-18
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e236
- ISSN
- 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7404
- PMC
- PMC2211542
- OpenAlex
- W2117980841
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 29.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- March of Dimes Foundation
- Richard and Susan Smith Family Foundation
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- University of Pennsylvania
- Emory University
- Northwestern University
- University of Pittsburgh
- Louisiana State University
- Broad Institute
- National Institutes of Health (6u54rr020278-06)
- School of Medicine, Emory University
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH59566, MH-60870, MH-059565, MH067257, MH-061675, MH-59586, R01MH059566, R01MH059571, MH-059571, R01MH060879, R01MH059565, R01MH060870, R01MH063420, U01 MH-060879, R01MH061675, R01MH059586, R01MH059588, MH63420, R01MH067257, MH-59587, MH-059588, R01MH059587)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG004168)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- National Center for Research Resources (U54-RR020278)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Keywords
- European Americans, population structure, ancestry inference, population stratification, genetic association studies, Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, ancestry informative markers, false positive association
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, DNA, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Geography, Humans, Jews, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson Disease, United States, Genetic Variation, Reproducibility of Results, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Genome, Human, Case-Control Studies, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
