RNA Gain-of-Function in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8
Open accessAbstract
Microsatellite expansions cause a number of dominantly-inherited neurological diseases. Expansions in coding-regions cause protein gain-of-function effects, while non-coding expansions produce toxic RNAs that alter RNA splicing activities of MBNL and CELF proteins. Bi-directional expression of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8) CTG CAG expansion produces CUG expansion RNAs (CUG(exp)) from the ATXN8OS gene and a nearly pure polyglutamine expansion protein encoded by ATXN8 CAG(exp) transcripts expressed in the opposite direction. Here, we present three lines of evidence that RNA gain-of-function plays a significant role in SCA8: 1) CUG(exp) transcripts accumulate as ribonuclear inclusions that co-localize with MBNL1 in selected neurons in the brain; 2) loss of Mbnl1 enhances motor deficits in SCA8 mice; 3) SCA8 CUG(exp) transcripts trigger splicing changes and increased expression of the CUGBP1-MBNL1 regulated CNS target, GABA-A transporter 4 (GAT4/Gabt4). In vivo optical imaging studies in SCA8 mice confirm that Gabt4 upregulation is associated with the predicted loss of GABAergic inhibition within the granular cell layer. These data demonstrate that CUG(exp) transcripts dysregulate MBNL/CELF regulated pathways in the brain and provide mechanistic insight into the CNS effects of other CUG(exp) disorders. Moreover, our demonstration that relatively short CUG(exp) transcripts cause RNA gain-of-function effects and the growing number of antisense transcripts recently reported in mammalian genomes suggest unrecognized toxic RNAs contribute to the pathophysiology of polyglutamine CAG CTG disorders.
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CAG repeats in polyglutamine-encoding RNAs can induce toxicity.
“as the CAG repeats in polyglutamine-encoding RNAs can induce toxicity (74,75)”
From Functional genomic screen and network analysis reveal novel modifiers of tauopathy dissociated from tau phosphorylation (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
The Results section ('SCA8 CUGexp Not CAGexp Transcripts Misregulate GABT4') reports that CUG-expansion transcripts, but not CAG-expansion transcripts, altered GABT4 expression in the tested cells. The Introduction distinguishes the proposed toxic RNA effect of CUG transcripts from the polyglutamine protein encoded by CAG transcripts. This does not rule out every possible CAG-RNA toxicity, but the paper's finding runs contrary to the claim attributed to it. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRNA regulation may play a significant role in polyQ toxicity.
“RNA regulation may also play a significant role in polyQ toxicity as well, as the CAG repeats in polyglutamine-encoding RNAs can induce toxicity (74,75), and polyglutamine proteins can also bind RNA with an affinity dependent on the polyQ expansion length (76).”
From Functional genomic screen and network analysis reveal novel modifiers of tauopathy dissociated from tau phosphorylation (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that CUG-expansion RNA disrupts splicing regulation and plays a significant role in SCA8, a disorder that also produces a polyglutamine protein. It does not show that the CAG-repeat RNAs encoding that protein themselves induce toxicity, as the citing sentence suggests; the Discussion says the relative contributions of RNA and protein effects remain to be assessed. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Daughters, R. S., Tuttle, D. L., Gao, W., Ikeda, Y., Moseley, M. L., Ebner, T. J., Swanson, M. S., & Ranum, L. P. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ranum, Laura P. W.
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-08-14
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e1000600
- ISSN
- 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7404
- PMC
- PMC2719092
- OpenAlex
- W1965568102
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 10.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Ataxia Foundation
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- McKnight Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS058901, NS40389, R01NS040389, R37NS040389)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 46799, R01AR046799, P30AR057220)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- spinocerebellar ataxia type 8, RNA gain-of-function, CUG repeat expansion, polyglutamine, MBNL1, CUGBP1, GABAergic inhibition, granular cell layer, antisense transcripts
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, RNA, RNA-Binding Proteins, Alternative Splicing, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion, Spinocerebellar Ataxias, RNA, Untranslated, Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies, Mice, RNA, Long Noncoding
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