Cortical Plasticity Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Wakefulness Affects Electroencephalogram Activity during Sleep
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) brain oscillations in the low-frequency range show local signs of homeostatic regulation after learning. Such increases and decreases of slow wave activity are limited to the cortical regions involved in specific task performance during wakefulness. Here, we test the hypothesis that reorganization of motor cortex produced by long-term potentiation (LTP) affects EEG activity of this brain area during subsequent sleep. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: By pairing median nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralateral motor cortex, one can potentiate the motor output, which is presumed to reflect plasticity of the neural circuitry. This paired associative stimulation increases M1 cortical excitability at interstimulus intervals of 25 ms. We compared the scalp distribution of sleep EEG power following paired associative stimulation at 25 ms to that following a control paradigm with 50 ms intervals. It is shown that the experimental manipulation by paired associative stimulation at 25 ms induces a 48% increase in amplitude of motor evoked potentials. This LTP-like potentiation, induced during waking, affects delta and theta EEG power in both REM and non-REM sleep, measured during the following night. Slow-wave activity increases in some frontal and prefrontal derivations and decreases at sites neighboring and contralateral to the stimulated motor cortex. The magnitude of increased amplitudes of motor evoked potentials by the paired associative stimulation at 25 ms predicts enhancements of slow-wave activity in prefrontal regions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: An LTP-like paradigm, presumably inducing increased synaptic strength, leads to changes in local sleep regulation, as indexed by EEG slow-wave activity. Enhancement and depression of slow-wave activity are interpreted in terms of a simultaneous activation of both excitatory and inhibitory circuits consequent to the paired associative stimulation at 25 ms.
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Changes in frontal SWA after PAS appeared to extend even into succeeding REM sleep.
“Changes in frontal SWA after PAS appeared to extend even into succeeding REM sleep (443).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [443]
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Krugliakova, E., Breuer, F., Adelhöfer, N., Alonso, A., Besedovsky, L., Murphy, K. R., Peters, E., Raczek, K., Rasch, B., Salvesen, L., et al. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00007.2025 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Influence of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Sleep in Parkinson’s Disease
Antczak, J. M., Rakowicz, M. J., Banach, M. D., Derejko, M., Sienkiewicz, J., Zalewska, U., Więcławska, M., & Jernajczyk, W. (2011) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/s0208-5216(11)70017-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Local sleep: A new concept in brain plasticity
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Local circuits: the fundamental minimal unit for emergent sleep
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Electrophysiological Biomarkers for the Assessment of Motor Efficiency in Sport
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Electroencephalographic and Neurophysiological Changes
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Self-citationLOCAL, EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT EEG CHANGES AFTER PROLONGED WAKEFULNESS
Hung, C., Sarasso, S., Ferrarelli, F., Riedner, B. A., Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2013)
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- Authors
- De Gennaro, L., Fratello, F., Marzano, C., Moroni, F., Curcio, G., Tempesta, D., Pellicciari, M. C., Pirulli, C., Ferrara, M., & Rossini, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
- University of L'Aquila (IT)
- Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli (IT)
- Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2008-06-25
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e2483
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2423620
- OpenAlex
- W2094075694
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (PRIN 2006)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- cortical plasticity, paired associative stimulation, long-term potentiation, motor cortex, sleep EEG, motor evoked potentials, median nerve stimulation, REM sleep, NREM sleep, prefrontal cortex, synaptic homeostasis, excitation-inhibition balance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Sleep, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Long-Term Potentiation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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