Arm immobilization causes cortical plastic changes and locally decreases sleep slow wave activity
Abstract
Sleep slow wave activity (SWA) is thought to reflect sleep need, increasing after wakefulness and decreasing after sleep. We showed recently that a learning task involving a circumscribed brain region produces a local increase in sleep SWA. We hypothesized that increases in cortical SWA reflect synaptic potentiation triggered by learning. To further investigate the link between synaptic plasticity and sleep, we asked whether a procedure leading to synaptic depression would cause instead a decrease in sleep SWA. We show here that if a subject's arm is immobilized during the day, motor performance deteriorates and both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials decrease over contralateral sensorimotor cortex, indicative of local synaptic depression. Notably, during subsequent sleep, SWA over the same cortical area is markedly reduced. Thus, cortical plasticity is linked to local sleep regulation without learning in the classical sense. Moreover, when synaptic strength is reduced, local sleep need is also reduced.
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No statistical methods were used to pre-determine sample sizes, but the sample sizes were similar to those reported in previous high-density EEG sleep studies.
“No statistical methods were used to pre-determine sample sizes but our sample sizes were similar to those reported in previous studies, in which sleep was assessed using high-density EEG recordings 55,56 .”
From The neural correlates of dreaming (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
Procedural tasks like visuomotor adaptation and visual texture discrimination also benefit from SWS.
“The hypothesis has been challenged by findings showing that procedural tasks like visuomotor adaptation and visual texture discrimination also benefit from SWS (10,433,581,582).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [581]
Arm immobilization during daytime resulted in reduced SWA over the contralateral motor cortex.
“Conversely, arm immobilization during daytime resulted in reduced SWA over the contralateral motor cortex (581).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [581]
The increase in slow wave amplitude after visuomotor adaptation training was locally restricted to the motor areas mainly involved in prior training and correlated with the overnight improvement on the task.
“The increase was locally restricted to the motor areas mainly involved in prior training and correlated with the overnight improvement on the task.”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [581]
Training on a visuomotor adaptation task increased the amplitude of slow waves during subsequent SWS.
“aptation task increased the amplitude of slow waves during subsequent SWS (581, 582).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [581]
Several studies reported correlations between SWS or SWA and overnight retention of declarative memory and procedural motor skills.
“Several studies reported correlations between SWS or SWA and the overnight retention of declarative memory (55,58,464,1319) as well as procedural motor skills (581, 582).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [581]
Slow wave activity during sleep is reflective of brain activity during wakefulness.
“That slow wave activity during sleep is reflective of brain activity during wakefulness has been demonstrated in a number of ways.”
From Biological rhythms, higher brain function, and behavior: Gaps, opportunities, and challenges (2009) · cites this paper as Huber et al., 2006
Immobilizing a limb led to decreased slow wave activity in contralateral sensorimotor cortex during subsequent sleep.
“immobilizing a limb, for example, led to decreased slow wave activity in contralateral sensorimotor cortex during subsequent sleep (Huber et al., 2006).”
From Biological rhythms, higher brain function, and behavior: Gaps, opportunities, and challenges (2009) · cites this paper as Huber et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Huber, R., Ghilardi, M. F., Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Riedner, B. A., Peterson, M. J., & Tononi, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- City College of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ghilardi, M Felice
- Tononi, Giulio
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-08-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1169-1176
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1999214946
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 11.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055185)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- arm immobilization, cortical plasticity, synaptic depression, synaptic potentiation, sleep regulation, motor evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, sensorimotor cortex, motor performance, sleep need
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Arm, Electroencephalography, Humans, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Psychomotor Performance, Restraint, Physical, Sleep, Somatosensory Cortex, Task Performance and Analysis
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