High phobic anxiety is related to lower leukocyte telomere length in women
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic psychological distress has been linked to shorter telomeres, an indication of accelerated aging. Yet, little is known about relations of anxiety to telomeres. We examined whether a typically chronic form of anxiety--phobic anxiety--is related to telomere length. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Relative telomere lengths (RTLs) in peripheral blood leukocytes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction among 5,243 women (aged 42-69 years) who: were participants in the Nurses' Health Study; were controls in prior case-control studies of telomeres and disease, or randomly selected healthy participants in a cognitive function sub-study; had completed the Crown-Crisp phobic index proximal to blood collection. Adjusted least-squares mean RTLs (z-scores) were calculated across phobic categories. Higher phobic anxiety was generally associated with lower RTLs (age-adjusted p-trend = 0.09); this association was similar after adjustment for confounders--paternal age-at-birth, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (p-trend = 0.15). Notably, a threshold was identified. Among women with Crown-Crisp<6 points, the multivariable-adjusted least-squares mean RTL z-score = 0.02 standard units; however, among the most phobic women (Crown-Crisp ≥ 6), the multivariable-adjusted least-squares mean RTL z-score = -0.09 standard units (mean difference = -0.10 standard units; p = 0.02). The magnitude of this difference was comparable to that for women 6 years apart in age. Finally, effect modification by BMI, smoking and paternal age was observed: associations were stronger among highly phobic women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2), without smoking history, or born to fathers aged ≥ 40 years. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In this large, cross-sectional study high phobic anxiety was associated with shorter telomeres. These results point toward prospective investigations relating anxiety to telomere length change.
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Okereke et al. (2012) found that while phobic anxiety was not overall significantly correlated with LTL, there was evidence of a threshold or dose-response effect, with more severe phobia being associated with shorter LTL.
“In a large-scale study, while phobic anxiety was not overall significantly correlated with LTL, there was evidence of a threshold or “dose-response” effect, with more severe phobia being associated with shorter LTL (Okereke et al., 2012).”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Okereke et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Okereke, O. I., Prescott, J., Wong, J. Y. Y., Han, J., Rexrode, K. M., & De Vivo, I.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Okereke, Olivia I.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-07-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e40516
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3394740
- OpenAlex
- W2154200356
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca049449-18, R01 CA49449, CA 87969)
- National Institute on Aging (K08AG029813)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL034594, R01HL088521)
- National Cancer Institute (K07CA140790, R01CA065725, R01-CA49449, R03CA132190, R01CA082838, P01CA087969, R01‐CA049449, [P01 CA87969, R03CA139586)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- phobic anxiety, telomere length, leukocytes, accelerated aging, psychological distress, women, body mass index, smoking, paternal age, effect modification
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Leukocytes, Middle Aged, Paternal Age, Smoking, Body Mass Index, Least-Squares Analysis, Telomere Homeostasis
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