A Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment/Intervention “App” for Collecting Real-Time Data and Promoting Self-Awareness
Open accessAbstract
We have designed a flexible ecological momentary assessment/intervention smartphone (EMA/EMI) "app". We examine the utility of this app for collecting real-time data, and assessing intra-subject variability, by using it to assess how freshman undergraduates spend their time. We also explore whether its use can promote greater self-awareness. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group, who used the app, and a control group, who did not. We used the app to collect both randomized in-the-moment data as well as end-of-day data to assess time use. Using a posttest survey we asked participants questions about how they spent time throughout the school semester. We also asked the experimental group about their experience with the app. Among other findings, 80.49% participants indicated that they became more aware of how they spent their time using the app. Corroborating this report, among the experimental group, end-of-semester self-assessment of time spent wasted, and time spent using electronics recreationally, predicted semester GPA at a strength comparable to high school GPA and ACT score (two of the best single predictors for first semester college GPA), but had no correlation among controls. We discuss the advantages and limitations of using apps, such as ours, for EMA and/or EMI.
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“Mobile apps provide a means to more accurately record symptoms (e.g., depressive mood, anxious mood or fatigue) through real-time assessments that can be administered outside of the clinic and accurate recall and time of recording [94,95].”
From Wearables and the Medical Revolution (2018) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Runyan, J. D., Steenbergh, T. A., Bainbridge, C., Daugherty, D. A., Oke, L., & Fry, B. N.
- Affiliations
- Indiana Wesleyan University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Runyan, Jason D.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-08-14
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e71325
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3743745
- OpenAlex
- W2133044419
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 18.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- ecological momentary assessment, ecological momentary intervention, mobile application, self-awareness, time use, within-person variability, GPA prediction, time waste, mobile health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Awareness, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Assessment, Space Perception, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Perception, Time Management, Cell Phone, Young Adult, Mobile Applications
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