Feeling blue or turquoise? Emotional differentiation in major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Some individuals have very specific and differentiated emotional experiences, such as anger, shame, excitement, and happiness, whereas others have more general affective experiences of pleasure or discomfort that are not as highly differentiated. Considering that individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have cognitive deficits for negative information, we predicted that people with MDD would have less differentiated negative emotional experiences than would healthy people. To test this hypothesis, we assessed participants' emotional experiences using a 7-day experience-sampling protocol. Depression was assessed using structured clinical interviews and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. As predicted, individuals with MDD had less differentiated emotional experiences than did healthy participants, but only for negative emotions. These differences were above and beyond the effects of emotional intensity and variability.
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Major depressive disorder is associated with less negative emotion differentiation than healthy controls.
“Major depressive disorder has been linked to an inability to differentiate between negative emotions.”
From Effect of self-monitoring through experience sampling on emotion differentiation in depression (2019) · cites this paper as Demiralp et al., 2012
Patients with depression do not differ from healthy controls in positive emotion differentiation.
“The study that did look into this found no difference in positive emotion differentiation between patients with depression and healthy controls (Demiralp et al., 2012).”
From Effect of self-monitoring through experience sampling on emotion differentiation in depression (2019) · cites this paper as Demiralp et al., 2012
Patients with depression have a deficit in their negative emotion differentiation skills in comparison to healthy controls.
“It is known that patients with depression have a deficit in their negative emotion differentiation skills in comparison to healthy controls (Demiralp et al., 2012).”
From Effect of self-monitoring through experience sampling on emotion differentiation in depression (2019) · cites this paper as Demiralp et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Demiralp, E., Thompson, R. J., Mata, J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Barrett, L. F., Ellsworth, P. C., Demiralp, M., Hernandez-Garcia, L., Deldin, P. J., Gotlib, I. H., & Jonides, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-10-15
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1410-1416
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- PMC
- PMC4004625
- OpenAlex
- W2128119533
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 12.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (submittedVersion)
- Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- MADOC (University of Mannheim) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universität Basel
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (F32 MH091831, MH59259, MH60655, Wi3496/4-1)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/35953/2007)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-60655, MH59259, F32MH091831, R01MH060655, R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, emotion differentiation, negative emotions, emotional experience, emotional intensity, emotional variability, ecological momentary assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Major Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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