A pilot study of the DBT coach: an interactive mobile phone application for individuals with borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder
Abstract
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has received strong empirical support and is practiced widely as a treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and BPD with comorbid substance use disorders (BPD-SUD). Therapeutic success in DBT requires that individuals generalize newly acquired skills to their natural environment. However, there have been only a limited number of options available to achieve this end. The primary goal of this research was to develop and test the feasibility of the DBT Coach, a software application for a smartphone, designed specifically to enhance generalization of a specific DBT skill (opposite action) among individuals with BPD-SUD. We conducted a quasiexperimental study in which 22 individuals who were enrolled in DBT treatment programs received a smartphone with the DBT Coach for 10 to 14 days and were instructed to use it as needed. Participants used the DBT Coach an average of nearly 15 times and gave high ratings of helpfulness and usability. Results indicate that both emotion intensity and urges to use substances significantly decreased within each coaching session. Furthermore, over the trial period, participants reported a decrease in depression and general distress. Mobile technology offering in vivo skills coaching may be a useful tool for reducing urges to use substances and engage in other maladaptive behavior by directly teaching and coaching in alternative, adaptive coping behavior.
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EMOTEO and DBT Coach have shown promising results in reducing distress associated with a dysphoric mood.
“Both applications have shown promising results in reducing the distress associated with a dysphoric mood”
From Mobile intervention for individuals with psychosis, dual disorders, and their common comorbidities: A literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
EMOTEO and DBT Coach have shown promising results in reducing the urgency to consume ("craving").
“in reducing the “urgency to consume” (“craving”)”
From Mobile intervention for individuals with psychosis, dual disorders, and their common comorbidities: A literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
EMOTEO and DBT Coach have shown promising results in improvement of the depressive state.
“and in the improvement of the depressive state (109, 110).”
From Mobile intervention for individuals with psychosis, dual disorders, and their common comorbidities: A literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
With both ACT Daily and the DBT coaching app, continued completion of these coaching skills led to large improvements in mental health outcomes over time.
“With both ACT Daily and the DBT coaching app, continued completion of these coaching skills led to large improvements in mental health outcomes over time ( removed for blind review ; Rizvi et al., 2011).”
From Comparing in-the-moment skill coaching effects from tailored versus non-tailored acceptance and commitment therapy mobile apps in a non-clinical sample (2019) · cites this paper as Rizvi et al., 2011
A dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) coach app that similarly assessed effects immediately after each coaching session found only modest changes in emotional intensity in a sample of outpatient DBT clients with comorbid substance use and borderline personality disorder.
“Consistent with these finding, a dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) coach app that similarly assessed effects immediately after each coaching session found only modest changes in emotional intensity (pre coaching M = 6.83, SD = 2.09 vs. post coaching M = 5.69, SD = 2.31) in a sample of outpatient DBT clients with comorbid substance use and borderline personality disorder (Rizvi et al., 2011).”
From Comparing in-the-moment skill coaching effects from tailored versus non-tailored acceptance and commitment therapy mobile apps in a non-clinical sample (2019) · cites this paper as Rizvi et al., 2011
Distress tolerance strategies in DBT may help individuals with Parkinson's disease cope with the unpredictability of symptoms.
“distress tolerance strategies in DBT may help individuals cope with the unpredictability of symptoms”
From A Systematic Review of Third-Wave Therapies to Reduce Distress and Improve Wellbeing and Quality of Life in People with Parkinson's Disease. (2025) · cites this paper as Rizvi et al., 2011
Interpersonal effectiveness skills in DBT could enhance social support networks, reducing isolation and improving overall quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
“interpersonal effectiveness skills could enhance social support networks, reducing isolation and improving overall quality of life (Rizvi et al., 2011).”
From A Systematic Review of Third-Wave Therapies to Reduce Distress and Improve Wellbeing and Quality of Life in People with Parkinson's Disease. (2025) · cites this paper as Rizvi et al., 2011
Our effect size for reduction in depression is in line with that observed in a randomized trial of DBT Coach, a mobile app for individuals with borderline personality disorder, who received a similar dose of 14 days.
“Indeed, our effect size for reduction in depression is in line with that observed in a randomized trial of DBT Coach [27], a mobile app for individuals with borderline personality disorder, who received a similar dose of 14 days.”
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Erbes, C. R., Stinson, R. D., Kuhn, E. R., Polusny, M. A., Urban, J., Hoffman, J. E., Ruzek, J. I., Stepnowsky, C. J., & Thorp, S. R. (2014) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00014 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Rizvi, S. L., Hughes, C. D., & Thomas, M. C. (2016) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000100 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“The DBT Coach was developed as an adjunct to standard DBT with the explicit purpose of encouraging and facilitating the use of skills in individuals with BPD. Initial pilot work (Rizvi et al., 2011) with an early version of the DBT Coach was promising.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationJuarascio, A. S., Goldstein, S. P., Manasse, S. M., Forman, E. M., & Butryn, M. L. (2015) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.06.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Given the burgeoning relevance of mobile apps, research psychologists have begun to formally develop and evaluate treatment apps for depression [7,34,62], bipolar disorder [2,3,11,47], anxiety disorders [20,49], substance use disorders [20,25,39,53,61], schizophrenia [11,21], and borderline personality disorder [53].”
BackgroundCavicchioli, M., Movalli, M., Vassena, G., Ramella, P., Prudenziati, F., & Maffei, C. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106035 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Virtues, ecological momentary assessment/intervention and smartphone technology
Runyan, J., & Steinke, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00481 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“…motivate (Rodgers et al., 2005; Franklin et al., 2006); • encourage engagement in practices or the use of previously learned skills (e.g., DBT coach, Rizvi et al., 2011); • aid in the development of new skills (Villani et al., 2012; Bless et al., 2014); • notify (Dulin et al., 2014) or distract…”
BackgroundHsu, S. H., Collins, S. E., & Marlatt, G. A. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.11.002 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ey, S., Moffit, M., Kinzie, J. M., Choi, D., & Girard, D. E. (2013) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-12-00048.1 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mobile phone ownership, usage and readiness to use by patients in drug treatment
Milward, J., Day, E., Wadsworth, E., Strang, J., & Lynskey, M. T. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Given the widespread availability of mobile technology there is increasing interest in the potential of interventions utilising these technologies to enhance medical treatment, including treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs; Free et al., 2013; Guy et al., 2012; Rizvi et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRalston, A. L., Andrews, A. R., & Hope, D. A. (2019) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12277 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
There's an App for That: Information Technology Applications for Cognitive Behavioral Practitioners.
Aguilera, A., & Muench, F. J. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Beyond Mobile Apps: A Survey of Technologies for Mental Well-Being
Woodward, K., Kanjo, E., Brown, D. J., McGinnity, T. M., Inkster, B., Macintyre, D. J., & Tsanas, A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2020.3015018 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“[67] who developed the app DBT Field Fig.”
BackgroundTorous, J., Levin, M. E., Ahern, D. K., & Oser, M. L. (2017) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.05.007 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Many CBA studies identified in this article reported data on participant adherence to the application (Ly et al., 2014a;, 2013; Rizvi et al., 2011) but it is unknown exactly how rates of adherence to a smartphone application translate into adherence with treatment and the degree of adherence…”
InfluentialCarpenter, R. W., Wycoff, A. M., & Trull, T. J. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116632341 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“AA can also be used to deliver intervention materials in the moment (e.g., dialectical behavior therapy skills; Rizvi et al., 2011), increase selfmonitoring and homework compliance, and can also inform in-person sessions.”
The promise of third-wave behavioral therapies in the treatment of substance use disorders
Stotts, A. L., & Northrup, T. F. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.028 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The study demonstrated feasibility of the technological intervention and resulted in significant decreases in urges and emotion intensity [28].”
BackgroundEthical guidelines for mobile app development within health and mental health fields
Jones, N., & Moffitt, M. (2016) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000069 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kennard, B. D., Biernesser, C. L., Wolfe, K. L., Foxwell, A. A., Lee, S. J. C., Rial, K. V., Patel, S., Cheng, C., Goldstein, T. R., McMakin, D. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2015.1106384 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Maffei, C., Cavicchioli, M., Movalli, M., Cavallaro, R., & Fossati, A. (2018) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1480035 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“…(Neacsiu et al., 2010; Perroud et al., 2012; Stepp et al., 2008) and their effects in reducing some SUD symptoms (e.g., craving) in BPD individuals (Rizvi et al., 2011), a stand-alone group setting has historically been considered the gold standard in alcohol dependence treatment (e.g., Weiss,…”
BackgroundMobile applications for breast cancer survivorship and self-management: A systematic review
Kapoor, A., Nambisan, P., & Baker, E. (2020) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458220950853 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“26(4) 2892 –2905 © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.”
Prentice, J. L., & Dobson, K. S. (2014) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0038113 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Tecnología digital e intervenciones para la salud mental: oportunidades y barreras
Aguilera, A. (2015) · Arbor · doi:10.3989/arbor.2015.771n1012 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“These include a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) app for borderline personality disorder, (Rizvi et al ., 2011) a mobile therapy application using CBT techniques (Mor - ris et al ., 2010), and an Internet and mobile interven - tion for depression using context sensing to identify emotional states…”
MethodSmartphone apps for psychological health: A brief state of the science review.
Bush, N. E., Armstrong, C. M., & Hoyt, T. (2018) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000286 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Teepe, G. W., Fonseca, A. D., Kleim, B., Jacobson, N. C., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., Car, L. T., Fleisch, E., & Kowatsch, T. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/29412 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“We found 70 peer-reviewed publications for the 28 reviewed apps (Multimedia Appendix 1 TableS12) [50-119].”
Clinician Perceptions of Using a Smartphone App with Prolonged Exposure Therapy
Kuhn, E., Eftekhari, A., Hoffman, J. E., Crowley, J. J., Ramsey, K. M., Reger, G. M., & Ruzek, J. I. (2014) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0532-2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
NeCamp, T., Sen, S., Frank, E., Walton, M. A., Ionides, E. L., Fang, Y., Tewari, A., & Wu, Z. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/15033 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Mobile devices hold the power to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) [7] to individuals during times when they are able to receive and respond to them.”
MethodInfluentialChristoforou, M., Sáez Fonseca, J. A., & Tsakanikos, E. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7747 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Although mobile apps have been tested for several conditions, such as unipolar depression [25], borderline personality disorder, and substance abuse [26], to date there has been no study testing an app that primarily targets agoraphobic symptoms.”
BackgroundOostingh, E. C., Koster, M. P. H., van Dijk, M. R., Willemsen, S. P., Broekmans, F. J. M., Hoek, A., Goddijn, M., Klijn, N. F., van Santbrink, E. J. P., Steegers, E. A. P., et al. (2020) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.051 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Dombo, E. A., Kays, L., & Weller, K. (2014) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2014.948585 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mobile telephone apps in mental health practice: uses, opportunities and challenges
Marley, J., & Farooq, S. (2015) · BJPsych Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.114.050005 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
App-guided exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder: an open pilot trial
Boisseau, C. L., Schwartzman, C. M., Lawton, J., & Mancebo, M. C. (2017) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1321683 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Haigh, E. A. P., Chaudhury, S. R., Pontoski, K., Knox, K. L., & Brown, G. K. (2017) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1164642 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…adherence, both to an EMI and traditional psychological and psycho-pharmacological intervention provided concurrently to an EMI have been observed (e.g., Wenze et al., 2014) as have both acute and pre- to post-EMI treatment symptom reductions (e.g., Rizvi et al., 2011; Wenze et al., 2014).”
BackgroundKazemi, D. M., Li, S., Levine, M. J., Auten, B., & Granson, M. (2021) · Journal of Addictions Nursing · doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000416 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“In Rizvi et al. (2011), participants who used the “DBT Coach” app significantly decreased both their emotion intensity (t = −6.17, p < .001) and their urge to use substances (t = −4.22, p < .001) within each coaching session.”
BackgroundInfluentialPrada, P., Zamberg, I., Bouillault, G., Jimenez, N., Zimmermann, J., Hasler, R., Aubry, J.-M., Nicastro, R., & Perroud, N. (2017) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12178 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“This is of importance as decreasing the level of aversive tension by 2 points ormore is probably enough to distract the patient from the need to resort to self-damaging behaviors (Rizvi et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSmart Phone Applications in Clinical Practice
Epstein, J. B., & Bequette, A. W. (2013) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.35.4.f85k258620765tj4 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Using Contemporary Technologies in the Assessment and Treatment of Serious Mental Illness
Ben‐Zeev, D., Drake, R. E., Corrigan, P. W., Rotondi, A. J., Nilsen, W., & Depp, C. A. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/15487768.2012.733295 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“…actions to be taken in the presence of an event, feeling state, or warning signs of illness exacerbations; interventions may be delivered at the moment these experiences occur and thus facilitate application of training when it is most relevant (Rizvi, Dimeff, Skutch, Carroll, & Linehan, 2011).”
BackgroundHybrid care in mental health: a framework for understanding care, research, and future opportunities
Chen, K., Huang, J., & Torous, J. B. (2024) · NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s44277-024-00016-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“And while different variations of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), such as for cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) [6], have been very popular in the current literature, other types of psychotherapy can also be utilized in hybrid care, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) [7].”
Bertholet, N., Godinho, A., & Cunningham, J. A. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Forchuk, C., Reiss, J. P., O’Regan, T., Ethridge, P., Donelle, L., & Rudnick, A. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0614-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Eis, S., Solà-Morales, O., Duarte‐Díaz, A., Vidal‐Alaball, J., Perestelo‐Pérez, L., Robles, N., & Carrión, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042186 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“DBT Coach Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) 2 published articles [39,40] Dai y, CBT/DBT (dialectic l behavior therapy) exercises, peer groups Various patient types, incl.”
MethodReger, G. M., Skopp, N. A., Edwards‐Stewart, A., & Lemus, E. L. (2015) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1037/mil0000083 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Mobile apps have demonstrated utility in reducing emotional intensity (Rizvi, Dimeff, Skutch, Carroll, & Linehan, 2011) and substance use urges (McTavish, Chih, Shah, & Gustafson, 2012; Rizvi et al., 2011) and in increasing emotional awareness (Morris et al.”
BackgroundIlagan, G. S., Iliakis, E. A., Wilks, C. R., Vahia, I. V., & Choi-Kain, L. W. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00127-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zhang, M. W., & Ho, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00040 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sugarman, D. E., Campbell, A. N. C., Iles, B. R., & Greenfield, S. F. (2017) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000148 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kuhn, E. R., Crowley, J. J., Hoffman, J. E., Eftekhari, A., Ramsey, K. M., Owen, J. E., Reger, G. M., & Ruzek, J. I. (2015) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000051 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Rodante, D., Kaplan, M. I., Fedi, R. O., Gagliesi, P., Pascali, A., Quintero, P. S. J., Compte, E. J., Perez, A. I., Weinstein, M., Chiapella, L. C., et al. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1834476 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…to enhance generalization of a specific DBT skill (opposite action) among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance abuse disorder as an adjunct to standard DBT demonstrating that the use of the app reduced subjective distress and urges to self-harm (Rizvi et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodCavicchioli, M., Movalli, M., Ramella, P., Vassena, G., Prudenziati, F., & Maffei, C. (2019) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2019.1590558 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Rizvi et al. (2011) showed that the reinforcement of DBT skills by telephone coaching is involved in reducing craving episodes among individuals with BPD-SUD.”
BackgroundJiménez-Muñoz, L., Peñuelas‐Calvo, I., Díaz-Oliván, I., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Baca‐García, E., & Porras-Segovia, A. (2022) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000331 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pennou, A., Lecomte, T., Potvin, S., & Khazaal, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00302 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The State of the Science: Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Rizvi, S. L., Bitran, A., Oshin, L. A., Yin, Q., & Ruork, A. K. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.02.006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Leeuwen, H., Sinnaeve, R., Witteveen, U., Daele, T. V., Ossewaarde, L., Egger, J. I. M., & van den Bosch, L. M. C. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00165-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“[46] investigated the acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of an interactive mobilehealth application in 18 adults who participated in DBT at least a month and showed suicidal behaviours or NSSI.”
BackgroundRohani, D. A., Tuxen, N., Lopategui, A. Q., Faurholt-Jepsen, M., Kessing, L. V., & Bardram, J. E. (2019) · Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3329189.3329214 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“These include applications that support different types of therapy approaches like CBT [6], Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) [28, 30], and BA [16, 17].”
BackgroundEfficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents in a Partial Hospitalization Program
Lenz, A., & Conte, G. S. D. (2018) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12174 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cavicchioli, M., Ramella, P., Vassena, G., Simone, G., Prudenziati, F., Sirtori, F., Movalli, M., & Maffei, C. (2020) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2020.1712411 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Incorporating Mobile Phone Technologies to Expand Evidence-Based Care
Jones, D. J., Anton, M., Gonzalez, M., Honeycutt, A., Khavjou, O., Forehand, R., & Parent, J. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.06.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript an application tailored to the needs of a specific target population and treatment (e.g., the DBT Coach; Rizvi et al., 2011) than for functionality that can be achieved via a less integrated, although potentially still effective, approach (e.g., using…”
MethodInfluentialKarcher, N. R., & Presser, N. R. (2016) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2016.1229187 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Smartphone apps in mental healthcare: the state of the art and potential developments
Zhang, M. W., Ho, C. S. H., Cheok, C. C. S., & Ho, R. (2015) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.114.013789 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Austin, S. F., Jansen, J. E., Petersen, C. J., Jensen, R. S., & Simonsen, E. H. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/14913 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Currently, there are only a few studies that have examined how mobile apps can be integrated into dialectical behavior therapy treatment for borderline personality disorders [18-21].”
BackgroundLangdon, K. J., Scherzer, C. R., Ramsey, S. E., Carey, K. B., Rich, J. D., & Ranney, M. L. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108538 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prada, P., Perroud, N. A., Rüfenacht, E., & Nicastro, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02595 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Smartphone applications have therefore been developed, either for the benefit of patients (Rizvi et al., 2011; Prada et al., 2017), or to help clinicians treating suicidal patients (Harned et al.”
BackgroundEltahawy, L., Essig, T., Myszkowski, N., & Trub, L. R. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100035 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Jacob, G. A., Hauer, A., Köhne, S., Assmann, N., Schaich, A., Schweiger, U., & Faßbinder, E. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10983 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The DBT Coach mobile phone app offers coaching for skills use and has been studied in 2 small uncontrolled pilot studies [13,14].”
Forchuk, C., Reiss, J., Eichstedt, J., Singh, D., Collins, K., Rudnick, A., Walsh, J., Ethridge, P., Kutcher, S., & Fisman, S. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2016.1204823 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Further, mobile phone interventions have been shown to reduce general psychopathology [29] and feelings of depression and general distress [30] and to increase social interactions [31].”
BackgroundKruzan, K. P., Whitlock, J. L., Bazarova, N. N., Bhandari, A., & Chapman, J. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/26526 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Similarly, pilot trials of another adjunctive skills-based app (DBT Coach) demonstrated reductions in urges to self-harm, NSSI frequency, and subjective distress [48], as well as increases in self-efficacy and emotion regulation among individuals with borderline personality disorder [49].”
Pisani, A. R., Wyman, P. A., Mohr, D. C., Perrino, T., Gallo, C. G., Villamar, J. A., Kendziora, K. T., Howe, G. W., Sloboda, Z., & Brown, C. H. (2016) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-016-0664-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…interventions can vary widely—from highly text-based versions of existing healthpromotion programs (e.g., a virtual behavior therapy coach (Rizvi et al. 2011) to graphics-based video games (e.g., a diabetes management game for children that involves running from and chasing monsters…”
BackgroundSchroeder, J., Suh, J., Wilks, C. R., Czerwinski, M. P., Munson, S. A., Fogarty, J. A., & Althoff, T. (2020) · International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3421937.3421975 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“The DBT Coach is designed to provide constantly-available, interactive walkthroughs of DBT skills [45, 46].”
BackgroundDiano, F., Sica, L. S., & Ponticorvo, M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021431 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“1 Abbreviations: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; BPD, borderline personality disorder; TAU, treatment as usual; DBT, dialectical behavior therapy; ACT, acceptance and commitment therapy; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; NSSI, non-suicidal self-injury.”
BackgroundInfluentialFurber, G., Jones, G. M., Healey, D. F., & Bidargaddi, N. P. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3096 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Rizvi and colleagues have also piloted the use of a mobile phone app to complement dialectical behavior treatment for borderline personality disorder [24].”
An Interactive Mobile App Game to Address Aggression (RegnaTales): Pilot Quantitative Study
Ong, J. G., Lim-Ashworth, N., Ooi, Y. P., Boon, J. S. T., Ang, R. P.-H., Goh, D. H., Ong, S. H., & Fung, D. S. S. (2019) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/13242 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“With advancements in technology, there have been attempts to increase access to therapy through alternatives or adjuncts (eg, computers, internet, and mobile phones) to clinic-based therapy [11-18].”
- Authors
- Rizvi, S. L., Dimeff, L. A., Skutch, J., Carroll, D., & Linehan, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- The New School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rizvi, Shireen L.
- Venue
- Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 589-600
- ISSN
- 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129420549
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 17.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R43DA0262440-01, R43DA026244)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- dialectical behavior therapy, borderline personality disorder, substance use disorders, mobile application, skill generalization, emotional intensity, depression, distress, feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Behavior Therapy, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Software, Treatment Outcome, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Substance-Related Disorders, Computers, Handheld, Cell Phone
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