Generalization of Human Fear Acquisition and Extinction within a Novel Arbitrary Stimulus Category
Open accessAbstract
Adaptive anxiety relies on a balance between the generalization of fear acquisition and fear extinction. Research on fear (extinction) generalization has focused mostly on perceptual similarity, thereby ignoring the importance of conceptual stimulus relations in humans. The present study used a laboratory procedure to create de novo conceptual categories of arbitrary stimuli and investigated fear and extinction generalization among these stimuli. A matching-to-sample task produced two four-member categories of abstract figures. Next, a member from one category was coupled with an aversive electrical stimulation, while a member from the other category was presented alone. As expected, conditioned fear responses generalized to the other members of the first category (skin conductance and online shock-expectancy). Subsequent extinction of the conditioned member also generalized to the other members. However, extinguishing a non-conditioned member failed to reduce fear of the conditioned member itself. We conclude that fears generalize readily across conceptually related stimuli, but that the degree of extinction generalization depends on the stimulus subjected to extinction.
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It is known that extinction of fear may readily spread through relational networks.
“It is known however that extinction of fear may readily spread through relational networks (Vervoort et al., 2014).”
From Relapse of anxiety-related fear and avoidance: Conceptual analysis of treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (2020) · cites this paper as Vervoort et al., 2014
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that fear extinction generalized across conceptually related stimuli when the original conditioned stimulus was extinguished. It also says extinction remained rather stimulus-specific otherwise; extinguishing a related, non-conditioned stimulus did not significantly reduce fear of the original. The claim captures the possibility of spread but omits this important condition. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExtinction of fear to an original CS+ transferred to related stimuli, but extinguishing fear of a derived stimulus did not reduce fear of the original CS+.
“These authors found that extinction of fear to an original CS+ transferred to related stimuli, but that extinguishing fear of a derived stimulus did not reduce fear of the original CS+.”
From Relapse of anxiety-related fear and avoidance: Conceptual analysis of treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (2020) · cites this paper as Vervoort et al., 2014
It has long been known that Pavlovian eliciting and operant avoidance functions, among others, may alter or transform in accordance with how events are related.
“It has long been known that Pavlovian eliciting and operant avoidance functions, among others, may alter or transform in accordance with how events are related (Dougher, Augustson, Markham, Greenway, & Wulfert, 1994; Dymond & Rehfeldt, 2000; Vervoort, Vervliet, Bennett, & Baeyens, 2014).”
From Relapse of anxiety-related fear and avoidance: Conceptual analysis of treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (2020) · cites this paper as Vervoort, Vervliet, Bennett, & Baeyens, 2014
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- Authors
- Vervoort, E., Vervliet, B., Bennett, M., & Baeyens, F.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Vervoort, Ellen
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-05-05
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e96569
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4010469
- OpenAlex
- W1985365198
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- KU Leuven (PF/10/005)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- fear extinction, fear generalization, fear conditioning, matching-to-sample, skin conductance, concept classification
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Conditioning, Classical, Electroshock, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Generalization, Psychological, Humans, Male
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