Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Strength Training on Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Hormonal Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrinopathy in reproductive-age women, and associates with insulin resistance. Exercise is advocated in this disorder, but little knowledge exists on the optimal exercise regimes. We assessed the effects of high intensity interval training and strength training on metabolic, cardiovascular, and hormonal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Thirty-one women with polycystic ovary syndrome (age 27.2 ± 5.5 years; body mass index 26.7 ± 6.0 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to high intensity interval training, strength training, or a control group. The exercise groups exercised three times weekly for 10 weeks. RESULTS: The main outcome measure was change in homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). HOMA-IR improved significantly only after high intensity interval training, by -0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.45, -0.20), equal to 17%, with between-group difference (p = 0.014). After high intensity interval training, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 0.2 (95% CI, 0.02, 0.5) mmol/L, with between group difference (p = 0.04). Endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery, increased significantly after high intensity interval training, by 2.0 (95% CI, 0.1, 4.0) %, between-group difference (p = 0.08). Fat percentage decreased significantly after both exercise regimes, without changes in body weight. After strength training, anti-Müllarian hormone was significantly reduced, by -14.8 (95% CI, -21.2, -8.4) pmol/L, between-group difference (p = 0.04). There were no significant changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin or leptin in any group. CONCLUSIONS: High intensity interval training for ten weeks improved insulin resistance, without weight loss, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Body composition improved significantly after both strength training and high intensity interval training. This pilot study indicates that exercise training can improve the cardiometabolic profile in polycystic ovary syndrome in the absence of weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01919281.
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Removing the most extreme value [32] had a negligible effect on the I2 (89%), but a small effect was maintained (MD −0.50, 95% CI −0.96 to −0.05).
“In the investigation of heterogeneity, removing the most extreme value [32] had a negligible effect on the I2 (89%), but a small effect was maintained (MD − 0.50, 95% CI − 0.96 to − 0.05).”
From Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
To our knowledge, it is the first time data from 10 of the trials included in this systematic review have been meta-analysed, suggesting that this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date systematic review on exercise in the treatment of women with PCOS.
“To our knowledge, it is the first time data from 10 of the trials included in this systematic review have been meta-analysed [32, 34, 102, 104, 108–110, 117, 119] suggesting that this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date systematic review on the topic of exercise in the treatment of women with PCOS.”
From Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Both high intensity interval training and strength training improve insulin resistance and body composition in women with PCOS.
“However, both high intensity interval training and strength training improve IR and body composition in women with PCOS [39].”
From From Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifestyle and Pharmacological Management (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Almenning, I., Rieber-Mohn, A., Lundgren, K. M., Shetelig Løvvik, T., Garnæs, K. K., & Moholdt, T.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Rieber-Mohn, Astrid
- Lundgren, Kari Margrethe
- Garnæs, Kirsti Krohn
- Moholdt, Trine
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-09-25
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e0138793
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4583183
- OpenAlex
- W1892872861
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 7.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (acceptedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, high-intensity interval training, resistance training, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation, HDL cholesterol, anti-Müllerian hormone, body composition, cardiometabolic profile, exercise therapy, women's health, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Pilot Projects, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Resistance Training, Young Adult
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