How does nature exposure make people healthier?: Evidence for the role of impulsivity and expanded space perception
Open accessAbstract
Nature exposure has been linked to a plethora of health benefits, but the mechanism for this effect is not well understood. We conducted two studies to test a new model linking the health benefits of nature exposure to reduced impulsivity in decision-making (as measured by delay discounting) via psychologically expanding space perception. In study 1 we collected a nationwide U.S. sample (n = 609) to determine whether nature exposure was predictive of health outcomes and whether impulsive decision-making mediated the effect. Results indicated that Nature Accessibility and Nature Exposure From Home significantly predicted reduced scores on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) (p < .001, p = .03, respectively) and improved general health and wellbeing (p < .001, p < .01, respectively). Nature Accessibility also predicted reduced impulsive decision-making (p < .01), and Nature Accessibility showed significant indirect effects through impulsive decision-making on both the DASS (p = .02) and general health and wellbeing (p = .04). In Study 2, a lab-based paradigm found that nature exposure expanded space perception (p < .001), and while the indirect effect of nature exposure through space perception on impulsive decision-making did not meet conventional standards of significance (p < .10), the pattern was consistent with hypotheses. This combination of ecologically-valid and experimental methods offers promising support for an impulsivity-focused model explaining the nature-health relationship.
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Repke et al. reported that the health benefits of nature are indirectly linked to changes in delay discounting.
“Repke et al. (2018) reported that these benefits are indirectly linked to changes in delay discounting.”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Repke et al., 2018
Long-term nature exposure coincides with reduced delay discounting, and that reduction coincides with decision-making that improves health.
“That is, long-term nature exposure coincides with reduced delay discounting and this reduction coincides with decision-making that improves health.”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Repke et al., 2018
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 113 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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- Authors
- Repke, M. A., Berry, M. S., Conway, L. G., Metcalf, A., Hensen, R. M., & Phelan, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Montana (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Repke, Meredith A.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2018-08-22
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0202246
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6104990
- OpenAlex
- W2888564385
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Keywords
- nature exposure, impulsivity, delay discounting, impulsive decision-making, spatial perception, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, well-being, health status, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Space Perception, United States, Nature, Young Adult, Delay Discounting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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