The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Systematic, multiparametric analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular infection offers insight into coordinated virulence
Open accessAbstract
A key to the pathogenic success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is the capacity to survive within host macrophages. Although several factors required for this survival have been identified, a comprehensive knowledge of such factors and how they work together to manipulate the host environment to benefit bacterial survival are not well understood. To systematically identify Mtb factors required for intracellular growth, we screened an arrayed, non-redundant Mtb transposon mutant library by high-content imaging to characterize the mutant-macrophage interaction. Based on a combination of imaging features, we identified mutants impaired for intracellular survival. We then characterized the phenotype of infection with each mutant by profiling the induced macrophage cytokine response. Taking a systems-level approach to understanding the biology of identified mutants, we performed a multiparametric analysis combining pathogen and host phenotypes to predict functional relationships between mutants based on clustering. Strikingly, mutants defective in two well-known virulence factors, the ESX-1 protein secretion system and the virulence lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), clustered together. Building upon the shared phenotype of loss of the macrophage type I interferon (IFN) response to infection, we found that PDIM production and export are required for coordinated secretion of ESX-1-substrates, for phagosomal permeabilization, and for downstream induction of the type I IFN response. Multiparametric clustering also identified two novel genes that are required for PDIM production and induction of the type I IFN response. Thus, multiparametric analysis combining host and pathogen infection phenotypes can be used to identify novel functional relationships between genes that play a role in infection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The DosR system activates transcription of hrp1, a PDIM synthesis factor113, during short-term and long-term oxygen deprivation57,115.”
From The mycobacterial cell envelope — a moving target (2020) · cites this paper as [113]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“PDIM may also facilitate phagosomal rupture and induction of the infection-promoting type I interferon response113,114.”
From The mycobacterial cell envelope — a moving target (2020) · cites this paper as [113]
In the citing paper
“However, ESX-1 is not the only factor involved in the process; it has been shown that besides ESX-1, the mycobacterial virulence lipids phthiocerol dimycocerosates also contribute to phagosomal rupture (76)(77)(78).”
From ESX/Type VII Secretion Systems—An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
CellProfiler: image analysis software for identifying and quantifying cell phenotypes
Carpenter, A. E., Jones, T. R., Lamprecht, M. R., Clarke, C., Kang, I. H., Friman, O., Guertin, D. A., Chang, J. H., Lindquist, R. A., Moffat, J., et al. (2006) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-10-r100 · Cited by 5,212
Self-citationMycobacterial persistence requires the utilization of host cholesterol
Pandey, A. K., & Sassetti, C. M. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711159105 · Cited by 1,064
Inhibition of Respiration by Nitric Oxide Induces a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormancy Program
Voskuil, M. I., Schnappinger, D., Visconti, K. C., Harrell, M. I., Dolganov, G., Sherman, D. R., & Schoolnik, G. K. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20030205 · Cited by 975
Host-directed therapy of tuberculosis based on interleukin-1 and type I interferon crosstalk
Mayer-Barber, K. D., Andrade, B. B., Oland, S. D., Amaral, E. P., Barber, D. L., Gonzales, J., Derrick, S. C., Shi, R., Kumar, N. P., Wei, W., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13489 · Cited by 757
Complex lipid determines tissue-specific replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice
Cox, J. S., Chen, B., McNeil, M., & Jacobs, W. R. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/47042 · Cited by 746
Regulation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypoxic response gene encoding α-crystallin
Sherman, D. R., Voskuil, M. I., Schnappinger, D., Liao, R., Harrell, M. I., & Schoolnik, G. K. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.121172498 · Cited by 735
Pym, A. S., Brodin, P., Brosch, R., Huerre, M., & Cole, S. T. (2002) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03237.x · Cited by 729
Park, H., Guinn, K. M., Harrell, M. I., Liao, R., Voskuil, M. I., Tompa, M., Schoolnik, G. K., & Sherman, D. R. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03474.x · Cited by 712
Strong, M., Sawaya, M. R., Wang, S., Phillips, M. L., Cascio, D., & Eisenberg, D. S. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602606103 · Cited by 704
Genome-wide requirements for Mycobacterium tuberculosis adaptation and survival in macrophages
Rengarajan, J., Bloom, B. R., & Rubin, E. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503272102 · Cited by 679
Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Forrellad, M. A., Klepp, L. I., Gioffré, A., y García, J. S., Morbidoni, H. R., Santangelo, M. D. L. P., Cataldi, A. A., & Bigi, F. (2013) · Virulence · doi:10.4161/viru.22329 · Cited by 676
Watson, R. O., Bell, S. L., MacDuff, D. A., Kimmey, J. M., Diner, E. J., Olivas, J., Vance, R. E., Stallings, C. L., Virgin, H. W., & Cox, J. S. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.05.004 · Cited by 645
Camacho, L. R., Ensergueix, D., Pérez‐Herrán, E., Gicquel, B., & Guilhot, C. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01593.x · Cited by 616
Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes in mycobacteria
Sassetti, C. M., Boyd, D. H., & Rubin, E. J. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.231275498 · Cited by 604
Stanley, S. A., Raghavan, S., Hwang, W. W., & Cox, J. S. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2235593100 · Cited by 570
Phagosomal Rupture by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Results in Toxicity and Host Cell Death
Simeone, R., Bobard, A., Lippmann, J., Bitter, W., Majlessi, L., Brosch, R., & Enninga, J. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002507 · Cited by 561
Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids
Cambier, C. J., Takaki, K. K., Larson, R. P., Hernandez, R. E., Tobin, D. M., Urdahl, K. B., Cosma, C. L., & Ramakrishnan, L. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12799 · Cited by 480
Manzanillo, P. S., Shiloh, M. U., Portnoy, D. A., & Cox, J. S. (2012) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.03.007 · Cited by 467
Stanley, S. A., Johndrow, J. E., Manzanillo, P. S., & Cox, J. S. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3143 · Cited by 439
ESX‐1‐mediated translocation to the cytosol controls virulence of mycobacteria
Houben, D., Demangel, C., van Ingen, J., Pérez, J., Baldeón, L., Abdallah, A. M., Caleechurn, L., Bottai, D., van Zon, M., de Punder, K., et al. (2012) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01799.x · Cited by 427
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune DNA Sensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Collins, A. C., Cai, H., Li, T., Franco, L. H., Li, X.-D., Nair, V. R., Scharn, C. R., Stamm, C. E., Levine, B., Chen, Z. J., et al. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.05.005 · Cited by 402
Wassermann, R., Gulen, M. F., Sala, C., Perin, S. G., Lou, Y., Rybniker, J., Schmid-Burgk, J. L., Schmidt, T., Hornung, V., Cole, S. T., et al. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.05.003 · Cited by 401
Mutually dependent secretion of proteins required for mycobacterial virulence.
Fortune, S. M., Jaeger, A., Sarracino, D. A., Chase, M. R., Sassetti, C. M., Sherman, D. R., Bloom, B. R., & Rubin, E. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504922102 · Cited by 396
Analysis of the Phthiocerol Dimycocerosate Locus ofMycobacterium tuberculosis
Camacho, L. R., Constant, P., Raynaud, C., Lanéelle, M., Triccas, J. A., Gicquel, B., Daffé, M., & Guilhot, C. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m100662200 · Cited by 387
Muñoz‐Elías, E. J., Upton, A. M., Cherian, J., & McKinney, J. D. (2006) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05155.x · Cited by 370
Tryptophan Biosynthesis Protects Mycobacteria from CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Killing
Zhang, Y. J., Reddy, M. C., Ioerger, T. R., Rothchild, A. C., Dartois, V., Schuster, B. M., Trauner, A., Wallis, D., Galaviz, S., Huttenhower, C., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.045 · Cited by 351 · cited 1×
“Rv0712 has been predicted to be essential in mice based on Tn-Seq experiments [43].”
BackgroundChristophe, T., Jackson, M., Jeon, H. K., Fenistein, D., Contreras-Domínguez, M., Kim, J. C., Genovesio, A., Carralot, J., Ewann, F., Kim, E. H., et al. (2009) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000645 · Cited by 325
Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants defective in the arrest of phagosome maturation
Pethe, K., Swenson, D. L., Alonso, S., Anderson, J. L., Wang, C., & Russell, D. G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401657101 · Cited by 318
de Jonge, M. I., Pehau‐Arnaudet, G., Fretz, M. M., Félix, R., Bottai, D., Brodin, P. M., Honoré, N., Marchal, G., Jiskoot, W., England, P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00469-07 · Cited by 316
Cortes, T., Schubert, O. T., Rose, G., Arnvig, K. B., Comas, I., Aebersold, R., & Young, D. B. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.031 · Cited by 310
Smith, J., Manoranjan, J., Pan, M., Bohsali, A., Xu, J., Liu, J., McDonald, K. L., Szyk, A., LaRonde-LeBlanc, N. A., & Gao, L. (2008) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00614-08 · Cited by 300
ESX/type VII secretion systems and their role in host–pathogen interaction
Siméone, R., Bottai, D., & Brosch, R. (2009) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2008.11.003 · Cited by 259
Conrad, W. H., Osman, M. M., Shanahan, J. K., Chu, F., Takaki, K. K., Cameron, J. R., Hopkinson‐Woolley, D., Brosch, R., & Ramakrishnan, L. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1620133114 · Cited by 255
Stanley, S. A., Barczak, A. K., Silvis, M. R., Luo, S. S., Sogi, K., Vokes, M., Bray, M.-A., Carpenter, A. E., Moore, C. B., Siddiqi, N., et al. (2014) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003946 · Cited by 251
Self-citationNovikov, A., Cardone, M., Thompson, R. W., Shenderov, K., Kirschman, K. D., Mayer-Barber, K. D., Myers, T. G., Rabin, R. L., Trinchieri, G., Sher, A., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100926 · Cited by 246
Augenstreich, J., Arbues, A., Simeone, R., Haanappel, E., Wegener, A., Sayes, F., Le Chevalier, F., Chalut, C., Malaga, W., Guilhot, C., et al. (2017) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/cmi.12726 · Cited by 240
Quigley, J., Hughitt, V. K., Velikovsky, C. A., Mariuzza, R. A., El-Sayed, N. M., & Briken, V. (2017) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00148-17 · Cited by 234
Astarie‐Dequeker, C., Guyader, L. L., Malaga, W., Seaphanh, F.-K., Chalut, C., Lopez, A., & Guilhot, C. (2009) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000289 · Cited by 233
Mycobacteria, metals, and the macrophage
Neyrolles, O., Wolschendorf, F., Mitra, A., & Niederweis, M. (2015) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12265 · Cited by 231
Fishbein, S. R. S., van Wyk, N., Warren, R. M., & Sampson, S. L. (2015) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.12981 · Cited by 226
Take five — Type VII secretion systems of Mycobacteria
Houben, E. N. G., Korotkov, K. V., & Bitter, W. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.003 · Cited by 223 · cited 1×
“To determine whether PDIM’s disruption of ESX-1-mediated secretion was generalizable to other ESX secretion systems implicated in virulence [37,38], we next tested whether loss of PDIM disrupts secretion of ESX-3 and ESX-5 substrates.”
BackgroundSeparable roles for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-3 effectors in iron acquisition and virulence
Tufariello, J. M., Chapman, J. R., Kerantzas, C. A., Wong, K.-W., Vilchèze, C., Jones, C. M., Cole, L. E., Tinaztepe, E., Thompson, V., Fenyö, D., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1523321113 · Cited by 215
Lipidomics reveals control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence lipids via metabolic coupling
Jain, M., Petzold, C. J., Schelle, M. W., Leavell, M. D., Mougous, J. D., Bertozzi, C. R., Leary, J. A., & Cox, J. S. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610634104 · Cited by 211
McNab, F. W., Ewbank, J., Howes, A., Moreira-Teixeira, L., Մարտիրոսյան, Ա., Ghilardi, N., Saraiva, M., & O’Garra, A. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1401088 · Cited by 211
A Comparative Lipidomics Platform for Chemotaxonomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Layre, E., Sweet, L., Hong, S., Madigan, C. A., Desjardins, D., Young, D. C., Cheng, T., Annand, J. W., Kim, K., Shamputa, I. C., et al. (2011) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.10.013 · Cited by 205
Brodin, P. M., Poquet, Y., Levillain, F., Péguillet, I., Larrouy-Maumus, G. J., Gilleron, M., Ewann, F., Christophe, T., Fenistein, D., Jang, J., et al. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001100 · Cited by 196
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type VII Secreted Effector EsxH Targets Host ESCRT to Impair Trafficking
Mehra, A., Zahra, A., Thompson, V., Sirisaengtaksin, N., Wells, A., Porto, M., Köster, S., Penberthy, K., Kubota, Y., Dricot, A., et al. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003734 · Cited by 192
Parish, T., Smith, D. A., Roberts, G., Betts, J. C., & Stoker, N. G. (2003) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.26245-0 · Cited by 180
Composition of the type VII secretion system membrane complex
Houben, E. N. G., Bestebroer, J., Ummels, R., Wilson, L., Piersma, S. R., Jiménez, C. R., Ottenhoff, T. H. M., Luirink, J., & Bitter, W. (2012) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08206.x · Cited by 168
Mycobacterial infection of macrophages results in membrane-permeable phagosomes
Teitelbaum, R., Cammer, M., Maitland, M. L., Freitag, N. E., Condeelis, J. S., & Bloom, B. R. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15190 · Cited by 153
Sulzenbacher, G., Canaan, S., Bordat, Y., Neyrolles, O., Stadthagen, G., Roig-Zamboni, V., Rauzier, J., Maurin, D., Laval, F., Daffé, M., et al. (2006) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601048 · Cited by 137
Nitrogen metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology and virulence
Gouzy, A., Poquet, Y., & Neyrolles, O. (2014) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3349 · Cited by 133
Silencing Essential Protein Secretion in Mycobacterium smegmatis by Using Tetracycline Repressors
Guo, X. V., Monteleone, M. M., Klotzsche, M., Kamionka, A., Hillen, W., Braunstein, M., Ehrt, S., & Schnappinger, D. (2007) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00216-07 · Cited by 118
The Regulation of Sulfur Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hatzios, S. K., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2011) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002036 · Cited by 114
Garces, A., Atmakuri, K., Chase, M. R., Woodworth, J. S., Krastins, B., Rothchild, A. C., Ramsdell, T. L., Lopez, M. F., Behar, S. M., Sarracino, D. A., et al. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000957 · Cited by 108
Function and Structure of a Prokaryotic Formylglycine-generating Enzyme
Carlson, B. L., Ballister, E. R., Skordalakes, E., King, D., Breidenbach, M. A., Gilmore, S. A., Berger, J. M., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800217200 · Cited by 102
van Kessel, J. C., & Hatfull, G. F. (2008) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-232-8_15 · Cited by 101
Kirksey, M., Tischler, A. D., Siméone, R., Hisert, K. B., Uplekar, S. M., Guilhot, C., & McKinney, J. D. (2011) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00097-11 · Cited by 73
Self-citationJoshi, S. A., Ball, D. A., Sun, M., Carlsson, F., Watkins, B. Y., Aggarwal, N., McCracken, J., Huynh, K. K., & Brown, E. J. (2012) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.008 · Cited by 62
Phosphate starvation: a novel signal that triggers ESX‐5 secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Elliott, S. R., & Tischler, A. D. (2016) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.13332 · Cited by 57
Self-citationMolybdenum cofactor: A key component ofMycobacterium tuberculosispathogenesis?
Williams, M. J., Mizrahi, V., & Kana, B. D. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.3109/1040841x.2012.749211 · Cited by 54
Sharpe, M. L., Gao, C., Kendall, S. L., Baker, E. N., & Lott, J. S. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.001 · Cited by 29
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chandra, P., Grigsby, S. J., & Philips, J. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00763-4 · Cited by 652
The mycobacterial cell envelope — a moving target
Dulberger, C. L., Rubin, E. J., & Boutte, C. C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0273-7 · Cited by 365
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of host cells in space and time
Bussi, C., & Gutierrez, M. G. (2019) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz006 · Cited by 356
Allué‐Guardia, A., García, J. I., & Torrelles, J. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.612675 · Cited by 233
The Macrophage: A Disputed Fortress in the Battle against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Queval, C. J., Brosch, R., & Simeone, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02284 · Cited by 215
Metadata
- Authors
- Barczak, A. K., Avraham, R., Singh, S., Luo, S. S., Zhang, W. R., Bray, M.-A., Hinman, A. E., Thompson, M., Nietupski, R. M., Golas, A., Montgomery, P., Fitzgerald, M., Smith, R. S., White, D. W., Tischler, A. D., Carpenter, A. E., & Hung, D. T.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hung, Deborah T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2017-05-15
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1006363
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC5444860
- OpenAlex
- W2615762114
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- new_version (2017-05-25)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K08-AI080944)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (Claflin Award)
- Ragon Institute (TB Seed Grant)
- Broad Institute Tuberculosis Donor Group and Pershing Square Foundation
- Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (US) (P30-AI060354)
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine (Pingree Transformative Scholar Award)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intracellular survival, macrophages, virulence factors, ESX-1 secretion system, phthiocerol dimycocerosate, type I interferon response, transposon mutant library, high-content imaging, macrophage cytokine response, tuberculosis pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, Cell Line, Macrophages, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phagosomes, Phenotype, Tuberculosis, Virulence, Gene Library, Cytokines, Mice, Host-Pathogen Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
