Heritability of Adult Body Height: A Comparative Study of Twin Cohorts in Eight Countries
Open accessAbstract
A major component of variation in body height is due to genetic differences, but environmental factors have a substantial contributory effect. In this study we aimed to analyse whether the genetic architecture of body height varies between affluent western societies. We analysed twin data from eight countries comprising 30,111 complete twin pairs by using the univariate genetic model of the Mx statistical package. Body height and zygosity were self-reported in seven populations and measured directly in one population. We found that there was substantial variation in mean body height between countries; body height was least in Italy (177 cm in men and 163 cm in women) and greatest in the Netherlands (184 cm and 171 cm, respectively). In men there was no corresponding variation in heritability of body height, heritability estimates ranging from 0.87 to 0.93 in populations under an additive genes/unique environment (AE) model. Among women the heritability estimates were generally lower than among men with greater variation between countries, ranging from 0.68 to 0.84 when an additive genes/shared environment/unique environment (ACE) model was used. In four populations where an AE model fit equally well or better, heritability ranged from 0.89 to 0.93. This difference between the sexes was mainly due to the effect of the shared environmental component of variance, which appears to be more important among women than among men in our study populations. Our results indicate that, in general, there are only minor differences in the genetic architecture of height between affluent Caucasian populations, especially among men.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Body height is approximately 70-90% inherited.
“Body height is approximately 70-90% inherited (121)”
From The Hippo signal transduction network for exercise physiologists (2016) · cites this paper as [121]
Among nonhormonal factors, genetics explains a large proportion (~50% to 60% from pooled twin studies) of the variability in muscle mass and strength.
“Among the nonhormonal factors, genetics explains a large proportion [∼50% to 60% from pooled twin studies (156)] of the variability in muscle mass and strength (157, 158) and may be explained in turn by the equally high genetic contributions to circulating testosterone (37, 38).”
From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [156]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An introduction to population genetics theory
Crow, J. F., & Kimura, M. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,223 · see citing works
Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families
Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992) · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8018-2 · Cited by 4,005 · see citing works
Stature and the Standard of Living
Steckel, R. H. (1995) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
Rao, E., Weiss, B., Fukami, M., Rump, A., Niesler, B., Mertz, A., Muroya, K., Binder, G., Kirsch, S., Winkelmann, M., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0597-54 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Stunkard, A. J. (1986) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380010055024 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Forsdahl, A. (1977) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.31.2.91 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
The Swedish Twin Registry: a unique resource for clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies
Lichtenstein, P., Fairé, U. D., Floderus, B., Svartengren, M., Svedberg, P., & Pedersen, N. L. (2002) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01032.x · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Self-citationDETERMINANTS OF VARIATION IN ADULT BODY HEIGHT
Silventoinen, K. (2003) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932003002633 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Self-citationAndrew, T., Hart, D. J., Snieder, H., de Lange, M., Spector, T. D., & MacGregor, A. J. (2001) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/1369052012803 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, G. D., Hart, C., Upton, M. N., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Watt, G. C. M., & Hawthorne, V. (2000) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.54.2.97 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Kaprio, J. A., Pulkkinen, L., & Rose, R. J. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906101 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationNetherlands Twin Register: A Focus on Longitudinal Research
Boomsma, D. I., Vink, J. M., Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M. V., de Geus, E. J. C., Beem, A. L., Mulder, E. J. C. M., Derks, E. M., Riese, H., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., Bartels, M., et al. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906174 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationCavelaars, A. E. J. M., Kunst, A. E., Geurts, J. J., Crialesi, R., Grøtvedt, L., Helmert, U., Lahelma, E. T., Lundberg, O., Mielck, A., Rasmussen, N. K., et al. (2000) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460050044883 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Assortative mating with respect to physical characteristics
Spuhler, J. N. (1968) · Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1968.9987763 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J. A., Lahelma, E. T., & Koskenvuo, M. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.4.627 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Danish Twin Registry: 127 Birth Cohorts of Twins
Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Holm, N. V., Vaupel, J. W., & Christensen, K. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906084 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationAssortative mating by body height and BMI: Finnish Twins and their spouses
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J. A., Lahelma, E. T., Viken, R. J., & Rose, R. J. (2003) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.10183 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional stress and growth: Sex difference in adaptive response
Stini, W. A. (1969) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330310316 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Hirschhorn, J. N., Lindgren, C. M., Daly, M. J., et al. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/321287 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Jousilahti, P., Tuomilehto, J. O., Vartiainen, E. A., Eriksson, J. W., & Puska, P. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010155 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Pietiläinen, K. H., Kaprio, J. A., Rissanen, A., Winter, T., Rimpelä, A., Viken, R. J., & Rose, R. J. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800767 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationHeight of conscripts in Europe: is postneonatal mortality a predictor?
Schmidt, I. M., Jørgensen, M. H., & Michaelsen, K. F. (1995) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014469500003702 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Pietiläinen, K. H. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.1.21 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Stunkard, A. J. (1986) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.256.1.51 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Hauspie, R., Vercauteren, M., & Susanne, C. (1996) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000184841 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The Swedish Twin Registry in the Third Millennium
Pedersen, N. L., Lichtenstein, P., & Svedberg, P. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906219 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationFeitosa, M. F., Borecki, I. B., Rich, S. S., Arnett, D. K., Sholinsky, P. D., Myers, R. H., Leppert, M., & Province, M. A. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/338144 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Social background, adult body-height and health
Silventoinen, K., Lahelma, E. T., & Rahkonen, O. (1999) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/28.5.911 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurement Models for Sexual Orientation in a Community Twin Sample
Kirk, K. M., Bailey, J. M., Dunne, M. P., & Martin, N. G. (2000) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1026557719181 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationNetherlands twin family study of anxious depression (NETSAD)
Boomsma, D. I., Beem, A. L., van den Berg, M., Dolan, C. V., Koopmans, J., Vink, J. M., de Geus, E. J. C., & Slagboom, P. E. (2000) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905200320565300 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationHarris, J. R., Magnus, P. M., & Tambs, K. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906192 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationPerola, M., Öhman, M. K., Hiekkalinna, T., Leppävuori, J., Pajukanta, P., Wessman, M., Koskenvuo, M. J., Palotie, A. V., Lange, K. L., Kaprio, J. A., et al. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/321286 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationSinclair, D. A., & Dangerfield, P. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192629050.001.0001 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
May, C. A., Shone, A. C., Kalaydjieva, L. V., Sajantila, A., & Jeffreys, A. J. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng918 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The St. Thomas' UK Adult Twin Registry
Spector, T. D., & MacGregor, A. J. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906246 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationMethodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families
Carothers, A. D. (1994) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.48.3.328 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J. A., & Lahelma, E. T. (2000) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1010202902159 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationHeritability of Adult Body Height: A Comparative Study of Twin Cohorts in Eight Countries
Silventoinen, K., Sammalisto, S., Perola, M., et al. (2003) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.6.5.399 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, J., Bleecker, E. R., Jongepier, H., Howard, T. D., Koppelman, G. H., Postma, D. S., & Meyers, D. A. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/342216 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Deng, H., Deng, H., Xu, F., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10742 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wiltshire, S., Frayling, T. M., Hattersley, A. T., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/338760 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Italian Twin Project: From the Personal Identification Number to a National Twin Registry
Stazi, M. A., Cotichini, R., Patriarca, V., Brescianini, S., Fagnani, C., D’Ippolito, C., Cannoni, S., Ristori, G., & Salvetti, M. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906138 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationEllis, J. A., Stebbing, M. S., & Harrap, S. B. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.9.7875 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Body height, birth cohort and social background in Finland and Sweden
Silventoinen, K. (2001) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/11.2.124 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationSex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to Body-Height
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J. A., Lahelma, E. T., et al. (2001) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/1369052012119 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Danish Twin Registry: 127 Birth Cohorts of Twins
Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Holm, N. V., et al. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.5.5.352 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, X., Cooper, R. S., Boerwinkle, E., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200952 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kaprio, J. A., Pulkkinen, L., & Rose, R. J. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.5.5.366 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth during puberty in the XYY boy
Ratcliffe, S. G., Pan, H., & McKie, M. (1992) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014469200002392 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Harris, J. R., Magnus, P. M., & Tambs, K. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.5.5.415 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationOgata, T., Yoshizawa, A., Muroya, K., et al. (1995) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.32.10.831 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Biological and cultural inheritance of stature and attitudes
Eaves, L. J., Heath, A., Martin, N. G., et al. (1999) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSpuhler, J. N. (1982) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1982.9988478 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Netherlands twin family study of anxious depression (NETSAD)
Boomsma, D., Beem, A., van den Berg, M. P., et al. (2000) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.3.4.323 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth and Development of Human Twins
Wilson, R. S. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7198-8_9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Thompson, D. B., Ossowski, V., Janssen, R. C., Knowler, W. C., & Bogardus, C. (1995) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320590417 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The St. Thomas' UK Adult Twin Registry
Spector, T. D., & MacGregor, A. J. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.5.5.440 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Swedish Twin Registry in the Third Millennium
Pedersen, N. L., Lichtenstein, P., & Svedberg, P. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.5.5.427 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationThe association between body height and coronary heart disease among Finnish twins and singletons
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J. A., Koskenvuo, M., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg029 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHealey, S. C., Kirk, K., HYLAND, V. J., et al. (2001) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/1369052012100 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Italian Twin Project: From the Personal Identification Number to a National Twin Registry
Stazi, M. A., Cotichini, R., Patriarca, V., et al. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.5.5.382 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationEllis, J. A. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.9.4147 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Barker, D. J. P. (1998). Mothers, babies and health in later life (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
- Derom, R., Derom, C., & Vlietinck, R. (1995). Placentation. In L. Keith et al. (Eds.), Multiple pregnancy: Epidemiology, gesta- tion & perinatal outcome. London: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
- Eveleth, P., & Tanner, J. M. (1990). Worldvide variation in human growth (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Falkner, F., & Matheny, A. (1995). "The long-term development of twins: Anthropometric factors and cognition. In L. Keith et al. (Eds.), Multiple pregnancy: Epidemiology, gestation & perina- tal outcome. London: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
- MacGillivray, I., Samphier, M., & Little, J. (1988). Factors affect- ing twinning. In I. MacGillivray, D. M. Campbell, & B. Thompson (Eds.), Twinning and twins. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
- Pearson, K., & Lee, A. (1903). On the laws on inheritance in man. Biometrika, 2, 356-462.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height
Yang, J., Benyamin, B., McEvoy, B. P., Gordon, S., Henders, A. K., Nyholt, D. R., Madden, P. A., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.608 · Cited by 4,446 · see citing works
Self-citationVisscher, P. M., Brown, M. A., McCarthy, M. I., & Yang, J. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.029 · Cited by 2,425 · see citing works
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 20 loci that influence adult height
Initiative, D. G., Weedon, M. N., The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Cambridge GEM Consortium, Lango, H., Lindgren, C. M., Wallace, C., Evans, D. M., Mangino, M., Freathy, R. M., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.121 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health
Collishaw, S. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12372 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Berndt, S. I., Gustafsson, S., Mägi, R., Ganna, A., Wheeler, E., Feitosa, M. F., Justice, A. E., Monda, K. L., Croteau-Chonka, D. C., Day, F. R., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2606 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Self-citationRare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
Marouli, E., Graff, M., Medina-Gomez, C., Lo, K. S., Wood, A. R., Kjaer, T. R., Fine, R. S., Lu, Y., Schurmann, C., Highland, H. M., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21039 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Self-citationCirculating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance
Handelsman, D. J., Hirschberg, A. L., & Bermon, S. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00020 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Demonstrating stratification in a European American population
Campbell, C. D., Ogburn, E. L., Lunetta, K. L., Lyon, H. N., Freedman, M. L., Groop, L. C., Altshuler, D., Ardlie, K. G., & Hirschhorn, J. N. (2005) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1607 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Heritability of body size and muscle strength in young adulthood: a study of one million Swedish men
Silventoinen, K., Magnusson, P. K. E., Tynelius, P., Kaprio, J., & Rasmussen, F. (2008) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20308 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationJelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Hur, Y.-M., Yokoyama, Y., Hjelmborg, J. V. B., Möller, S., Honda, C., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Ooki, S., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep28496 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationWaller, K., Kaprio, J., & Kujala, U. M. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803692 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationRethinking expertise: a multifactorial gene–environment interaction model of expert performance.
Ullén, F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Mosing, M. A. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000033 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias
Young, A. I., Frigge, M. L., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Thorleifsson, G., Bjornsdottir, G., Sulem, P., Masson, G., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Stefansson, K., & Kong, A. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Consortium, Wood, A. R., The MIGen Consortium, The PAGE Consortium, Study, T. L. C., Esko, T., Yang, J., Vedantam, S., Pers, T. H., Gustafsson, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3097 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Self-citationHeritability estimates of muscle strength-related phenotypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zempo, H., Miyamoto‐Mikami, E., Kikuchi, N., Fuku, N., Miyachi, M., & Murakami, H. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12804 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Shriner, D., Adeyemo, A., Gerry, N. P., Herbert, A., Chen, G., Doumatey, A., Huang, H., Zhou, J., Christman, M. F., & Rotimi, C. N. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008398 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Heritability of Craniofacial Structures in Normal Subjects and Patients with Sleep Apnea
Chi, L., Comyn, F.-L., Keenan, B. T., Cater, J., Maislin, G., Pack, A. I., & Schwab, R. J. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4082 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994
Jelenkovic, A., Hur, Y.-M., Sund, R., Yokoyama, Y., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.20320 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Hippo signal transduction network for exercise physiologists
Gabriel, B. M., Hamilton, D. L., Tremblay, A. M., & Wackerhage, H. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01076.2015 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Value of Twins for Health and Medical Research: A Third of a Century of Progress
Craig, J. M., Calais-Ferreira, L., Umstad, M. P., & Buchwald, D. (2020) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2020.4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Selection for smaller brains in Holocene human evolution
Hawks, J. (2011) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1102.5604 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zaitlen, N., Kraft, P., Patterson, N., Pasaniuc, B., Bhatia, G., Pollack, S., & Price, A. L. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003520 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness
Bowirrat, A., Elman, I., Dennen, C. A., Gondré-Lewis, M. C., Cadet, J. L., Khalsa, J., Baron, D., Soni, D., Gold, M. S., McLaughlin, T., et al. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s423802 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Determination and regulation of body composition in elite athletes
Sonksen, P. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096742 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Silventoinen, K., Sammalisto, S., Perola, M., Boomsma, D. I., Cornes, B. K., Davis, C., Dunkel, L., de Lange, M., Harris, J. R., Hjelmborg, J. V. B., Luciano, M., Martin, N. G., Mortensen, J., Nisticò, L., Pedersen, N. L., Skytthe, A., Spector, T. D., Stazi, M. A., Willemsen, G., & Kaprio, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kaprio, Jaakko
- ORCID
- Venue
- Twin Research
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2003-10-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 399-408
- ISSN
- 1369-0523 (ISSN-L)
- 0000-0000
- OpenAlex
- W2106294125
- Cited by
- 680
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Twin Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- EkstraStiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering (Stiftelsen Dam)
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
- Wellcome Trust (01254)
- Chronic Disease Research Foundation
- British Heart Foundation
- European Commission (01254)
- Academy of Finland (44069)
- Norges Forskningsråd
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA00145, K05AA000145, R01AA008315, AA08315)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- body height, heritability, genetic architecture, twin studies, shared environment, nonshared environment, sex differences, cross-national comparison, additive genetic effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Australia, Body Height, Denmark, Female, Finland, United Kingdom, Humans, Italy, Male, Models, Genetic, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
