Cited by 8,007Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyRecreational Sport and Physical Activity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 174 of the 181 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Open access

Warburton, D. E.R.·2006·Canadian Medical Association Journal

DOI 10.1503/cmaj.051351PMC PMC1402378

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The primary purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the current literature and to provide further insight into the role physical inactivity plays in the development of chronic disease and premature death. We confirm that there is irrefutable evidence of the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression and osteoporosis) and premature death. We also reveal that the current Health Canada physical activity guidelines are sufficient to elicit health benefits, especially in previously sedentary people. There appears to be a linear relation between physical activity and health status, such that a further increase in physical activity and fitness will lead to additional improvements in health status.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1503/cmaj.051351

Cites

174 of 174 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing
Myers, J., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V., Do, D., Partington, S., & Atwood, J. E. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011858 · Cited by 4,114
Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.
Heidel, R. E. (1991) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1971966 · Cited by 3,162
Physical Activity, All-Cause Mortality, and Longevity of College Alumni
Paffenbarger, R. S., Hyde, R., Wing, A. L., & Hsieh, C.-C. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198603063141003 · Cited by 2,742
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women
Blair, S. N. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430170057028 · Cited by 2,658
Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Taylor, R. S., Brown, A., Ebrahim, S., Jolliffe, J., Noorani, H., Rees, K., Skidmore, B., Stone, J. A., Thompson, D. R., & Oldridge, N. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 · Cited by 2,239
A Multifactorial Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Falling among Elderly People Living in the Community
Tinetti, M. E., Baker, D. I., McAvay, G., Claus, E. B., Garrett, P., Gottschalk, M., Koch, M. L., Trainor, K. M., & Horwitz, R. I. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199409293311301 · Cited by 2,160
The Association of Changes in Physical-Activity Level and Other Lifestyle Characteristics with Mortality among Men
Paffenbarger, R. S., Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L., Lee, I.-M., Jung, D. L., & Kampert, J. B. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199302253280804 · Cited by 1,972
Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
Boulé, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., Wells, G. A., & Sigal, R. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.10.1218 · Cited by 1,889

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 181 references

7 of the 181 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

[72]72. Courneya KS, Jones LW, Fairey AS, et al. Physical activity in cancer survivors: impli- cations for recurrence and mortality. Cancer Therapy 2004;2:1-12.
[112]112. Brown JP, Josse RG. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and man- agement of osteoporosis in Canada [published errata in CMAJ 2003;168(4):400, 2003;168(6):676 and 2003;168(5):544]. CMAJ 2002;167(10 Suppl):S1-34.
[137]137. Warburton DER, Gledhill N, Jamnik V, et al. Induced hypervolemia, cardiac func- tion, VO 2max and performance of elite cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:800-8.
[145]145. Ferreira I, Twisk JW, Stehouwer CD, et al. Longitudinal changes in VO 2max : associa- tions with carotid IMT and arterial stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1670-8.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,052

Evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for Canadian adultsThis article is part of a supplement entitled Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines co-published by Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism and the Canadian Journal of Public Health. It may be cited as Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32(Suppl. 2E) or as Can. J. Public Health 98(Suppl. 2).
Warburton, D. E. R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Rhodes, R. E., & Shephard, R. J. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-123 · Cited by 176
Self-citation
Is physical activity a part of who I am? A review and meta-analysis of identity, schema and physical activity
Rhodes, R. E., Kaushal, N., & Quinlan, A. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1143334 · Cited by 176
Barriers to and facilitators of everyday physical activity in persons with a spinal cord injury after discharge from the rehabilitation centre
Vissers, M., van den Berg-Emons, R. J. G., Sluis, T., Bergen, M. A., Stam, H. J., & Bussmann, H. (2008) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-0191 · Cited by 176
Physical activity and fertility in women: the North-Trondelag Health Study
Guðmundsdóttir, S. L., Flanders, W. D., & Augestad, L. B. (2009) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep337 · Cited by 175
Environmental influences on physical activity levels in youth
Tucker, P., Irwin, J. D., Gilliland, J., He, M., Larsen, K., & Hess, P. M. (2008) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.07.001 · Cited by 175
Exercise as a Treatment for Depression and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Barbour, K. A., Edenfield, T. M., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/01.hcr.0000300262.69645.95 · Cited by 175
Public Policy and Behavior Change
Tummers, L. G. (2019) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13109 · Cited by 175
Network social capital, social participation, and physical inactivity in an urban adult population
Legh-Jones, H., & Moore, S. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.005 · Cited by 174
Validity and reliability of an adapted arabic version of the long international physical activity questionnaire
Helou, K., Helou, N. E., Mahfouz, M., Mahfouz, Y., Salameh, P., & Harmouche-Karaki, M. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4599-7 · Cited by 174
Dyadic interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour: systematic review and meta-analysis
Carr, R. M., Prestwich, A., Kwaśnicka, D., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Gucciardi, D. F., Quested, E., Hall, L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2018) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1532312 · Cited by 174
Motives and Barriers Related to Physical Activity and Sport across Social Backgrounds: Implications for Health Promotion
Pedersen, M. R. L., Hansen, K., & Elmose-Østerlund, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115810 · Cited by 174
Variation in population levels of physical activity in European children and adolescents according to cross-European studies: a systematic literature review within DEDIPAC
on behalf of the DEDIPAC consortium, Van Hecke, L., Loyen, A., Verloigne, M., van der Ploeg, H. P., Lakerveld, J., Brug, J., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Ekelund, U., Donnelly, A., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0396-4 · Cited by 173
“Such levels of physical activity are associated with physical, social and mental health benefits [2 – 4].”
The forgotten face of regular physical exercise: a ‘natural’ anti-atherogenic activity
Szostak, J., & Laurant, P. (2011) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20100520 · Cited by 173
Aging and Thermoregulatory Control: The Clinical Implications of Exercising under Heat Stress in Older Individuals
Balmain, B. N., Sabapathy, S., Louis, M., & Morris, N. R. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/8306154 · Cited by 173
Urban green space and well-being in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nath, T. K., Han, S. S. Z., & Lechner, A. M. (2018) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.09.013 · Cited by 173
IMS Updated Recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy
Issued on behalf of the Board of th, Pines, A., Sturdee, D. W., Birkhäuser, M., Schneider, H. P. G., Gambacciani, M., & Panay, N. (2007) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697130701361657 · Cited by 173
Impact of Yoga and Meditation on Cellular Aging in Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Prospective, Open‐Label Single‐Arm Exploratory Study
Tolahunase, M., Sagar, R., & Dada, R. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/7928981 · Cited by 172
Urban greenness and physical activity in a national survey of Canadians
McMorris, O., Villeneuve, P. J., Su, J. G., & Jerrett, M. (2014) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.010 · Cited by 171
Long terms trends of multimorbidity and association with physical activity in older English population
Dhalwani, N. N., O’Donovan, G., Zaccardi, F., Hamer, M., Yates, T. E., Davies, M. J., & Khunti, K. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0330-9 · Cited by 171
Effects of a 12-week endurance training program on the physiological response to psychosocial stress in men: a randomized controlled trial
Klaperski, S., von Dawans, B., Heinrichs, M., & Fuchs, R. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-014-9562-9 · Cited by 170
Tablet-Based Strength-Balance Training to Motivate and Improve Adherence to Exercise in Independently Living Older People: Part 2 of a Phase II Preclinical Exploratory Trial
Reve, E. V. H., Silveira, P., Daniel, F., Casati, F., & de Bruin, E. D. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3055 · Cited by 170
Physical Exercise Improves Peripheral BDNF Levels and Cognitive Functions in Mild Cognitive Impairment Elderly with Different BDNF Val66Met Genotypes
Nascimento, C. M. C., Pereira, J. R., de Andrade, L. P., Garuffi, M., Pérez, C. A., Kerr, D. S., Talib, L. L., Cominetti, M. R., & Stella, F. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140576 · Cited by 169
The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model
Whiteman-Sandland, J., Hawkins, J. L., & Clayton, D. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316664132 · Cited by 169
Associations of sport participation with self-perception, exercise self-efficacy and quality of life among children and adolescents with a physical disability or chronic disease—a cross-sectional study
on behalf of the HAYS study group, Velde, S. J. T., Lankhorst, K., Zwinkels, M., Verschuren, O. W., Takken, T., & de Groot, J. F. (2018) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-018-0152-1 · Cited by 168
Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: randomised controlled trial
van Nimwegen, M., Speelman, A. D., Overeem, S., van de Warrenburg, B. P. C., Smulders, K., Dontje, M. L., Borm, G. F., BACKX, F. J. G., Bloem, B. R., Munneke, M. A. M., et al. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f576 · Cited by 167
Environmental supportiveness for physical activity in English schoolchildren: a study using Global Positioning Systems
Jones, A., Coombes, E. G., Griffin, S. J., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-42 · Cited by 166
Dietary and lifestyle habits and the associated health risks in shift workers
Nea, F. M., Kearney, J. M., Livingstone, M. B. E., Pourshahidi, L. K., & Corish, C. A. (2015) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s095442241500013x · Cited by 166
Lifting cognition: a meta-analysis of effects of resistance exercise on cognition
Landrigan, J.-F., Bell, T. R., Crowe, M. G., Clay, O. J., & Mirman, D. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01145-x · Cited by 166
Sleep function: an evolutionary perspective
Siegel, J. M. (2022) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00210-1 · Cited by 166
Exercise rehabilitation in patients with cancer
Lakoski, S. G., Eves, N. D., Douglas, P. S., & Jones, L. W. (2012) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.27 · Cited by 165
Do E-Athletes Move?
Kari, T., & Karhulahti, V. (2016) · International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations · doi:10.4018/ijgcms.2016100104 · Cited by 165
Electric Bicycles as a New Active Transportation Modality to Promote Health
Gojanovic, B., Welker, J., Iglesias, K., Daucourt, C., & Gremion, G. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821cbdc8 · Cited by 164
The Role of Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions in Motivating Women’s Physical Activity
Sabiston, C. M., Brunet, J., Kowalski, K. C., Wilson, P., Mack, D. E., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2010) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.32.4.417 · Cited by 164
Walk to a better night of sleep: testing the relationship between physical activity and sleep
Bisson, A., Robinson, S. A., & Lachman, M. E. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.06.003 · Cited by 164
The Evolving Understanding of Physical Activity Behavior
Rhodes, R. E. (2016) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2016.11.001 · Cited by 162
Improving Academic Performance of School-Age Children by Physical Activity in the Classroom: 1-Year Program Evaluation
Mullender‐Wijnsma, M. J., Hartman, E., de Greeff, J. W., Bosker, R. J., Doolaard, S., & Visscher, C. (2015) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12259 · Cited by 160
Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Depression and Anxiety During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review
Hu, S., Tucker, L. D., Wu, C., & Yang, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587557 · Cited by 160
Chronic Pain and Mortality: A Systematic Review
Smith, D. L., Wilkie, R., Uthman, O. A., Jordan, J. L., & McBeth, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099048 · Cited by 159
Neighborhood built environment and physical activity of Japanese older adults: results from the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES)
Hanibuchi, T., Kawachi, I. I., Nakaya, T., Hirai, H., & Kondo, K. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-657 · Cited by 159
The impact of weather on summer and winter exercise behaviors
Wagner, A. L., Keusch, F., Yan, T., & Clarke, P. J. (2016) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.007 · Cited by 158
Associations between different types of physical activity and teachers’ perceived mental, physical, and work-related health
Bogaert, I., De Martelaer, K., Deforche, B., Clarys, P., & Zinzen, E. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-534 · Cited by 157
The modulating effects of music listening on health-related exercise and physical activity in adults: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Clark, I. N., Baker, F. A., & Taylor, N. F. (2015) · Nordic Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1080/08098131.2015.1008558 · Cited by 157
Sit, step, sweat: longitudinal associations between physical activity patterns, anxiety and depression
Hiles, S. A., Lamers, F., Milaneschi, Y., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716003548 · Cited by 157
Determinants for Sustained Use of an Activity Tracker: Observational Study
Hermsen, S., Moons, J., Kerkhof, P., Wiekens, C. J., & de Groot, M. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7311 · Cited by 157
Mental Health and the Role of Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Xianfeng, A., Yang, J., Lin, Z., & Wan, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759987 · Cited by 157
Physical activity and pregnancy outcomes: an expert review
Gascoigne, E. L., Webster, C., Honart, A. W., Wang, P., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., & Manuck, T. A. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100758 · Cited by 157
Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: Consensus Document 20111This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
Warburton, D. E. R., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V. K., Bredin, S. S. D., McKenzie, D. C., Stone, J., Charlesworth, S., & Shephard, R. J. (2011) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h11-062 · Cited by 156
Self-citation
Effects of Physical Activity on the Physical and Psychosocial Health of Youth With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kapsal, N. J., Dicke, T., Morin, A. J. S., Vasconcellos, D., Maïano, C., Lee, J. J., & Lonsdale, C. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0675 · Cited by 156
Wearable Technology and Physical Activity in Chronic Disease: Opportunities and Challenges
Phillips, S. M., Cadmus‐Bertram, L., Rosenberg, D. E., Buman, M. P., & Lynch, B. M. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.015 · Cited by 155
Exercise Intervention in PTSD: A Narrative Review and Rationale for Implementation
Hegberg, N. J., Hayes, J. P., & Hayes, S. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00133 · Cited by 154
“Conclusion Aerobic exercise is a low-cost, widely accessible activity known to provide multiple health benefits, including cardiovascular health and musculoskeletal health, as well as reduced rates of comorbidity and mortality (28).”
It's LiFe! Mobile and Web-Based Monitoring and Feedback Tool Embedded in Primary Care Increases Physical Activity: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
van der Weegen, S., Verwey, R., Spreeuwenberg, M., Tange, H., van der Weijden, T., & de Witte, L. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4579 · Cited by 154
Safety and feasibility of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer patients
Jones, L. W., Eves, N. D., Peterson, B. L., Garst, J. L., Crawford, J., West, M. J., Mabe, S., Harpole, D. H., Kraus, W. E., & Douglas, P. S. (2008) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23967 · Cited by 154
Nordic walking improves mobility in Parkinson's disease
van Eijkeren, F. J. M., Reijmers, R. S. J., Kleinveld, M. J., Minten, A., ter Bruggen, J. P., & Bloem, B. R. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22293 · Cited by 153
Highway to health? Commute time and well-being among Canadian adults
Hilbrecht, M., Smale, B. J. A., & Mock, S. E. (2014) · World Leisure Journal · doi:10.1080/16078055.2014.903723 · Cited by 153
The Role of Exercise and TFAM in Preventing Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Theilen, N. T., Kunkel, G. H., & Tyagi, S. C. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25737 · Cited by 153
Physical inactivity is associated with chronic musculoskeletal complaints 11 years later: results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Holth, H. S., Werpen, H. K. B., Zwart, J., & Hagen, K. (2008) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-159 · Cited by 153
The relationship between actual motor competence and physical activity in children: mediating roles of perceived motor competence and health-related physical fitness
Khodaverdi, Z., Bahram, A., Stodden, D. F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1122202 · Cited by 152
Psychosocial Variables Related to Why Women are Less Active than Men and Related Health Implications
Edwards, E. S., & Sackett, S. C. (2016) · Clinical Medicine Insights Women s Health · doi:10.4137/cmwh.s34668 · Cited by 152
Hearing, self-motion perception, mobility, and aging
Campos, J. L., Ramkhalawansingh, R., & Pichora-Fuller, M. K. (2018) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.025 · Cited by 152
Physical activity of UK adults with chronic disease: cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer-measured physical activity in 96 706 UK Biobank participants
Barker, J., Smith-Byrne, K., Doherty, A., Foster, C. E., Rahimi, K., Ramakrishnan, R., Woodward, M., & Dwyer, T. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyy294 · Cited by 152
Special Needs to Prescribe Exercise Intensity for Scientific Studies
Hofmann, P., & Tschakert, G. (2010) · Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.4061/2011/209302 · Cited by 152
Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter‐gatherers
Raichlen, D. A., Pontzer, H., Harris, J. A., Mabulla, A. Z. P., Marlowe, F. W., Josh Snodgrass, J., Eick, G., Colette Berbesque, J., Sancilio, A., & Wood, B. M. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22919 · Cited by 151
Exercise: Putting Action into Our Epigenome
Denham, J., Marques, F. Z., O’Brien, B. J., & Charchar, F. J. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0114-1 · Cited by 151
Effects of Physical Exercise on Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers in Depression
Archer, T., Josefsson, T., & Lindwall, M. (2015) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666141130203245 · Cited by 151
The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) Questionnaire; Does It Predict Physical Health?
Logan, S. L., Gottlieb, B. H., Maitland, S. B., Meegan, D., & Spriet, L. L. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10093967 · Cited by 151
Wearable activity monitors in oncology trials: Current use of an emerging technology
Gresham, G. K., Schrack, J. A., Gresham, L. M., Shinde, A. M., Hendifar, A. E., Tuli, R., Rimel, B. J., Figlin, R. A., Meinert, C. L., & Piantadosi, S. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.11.002 · Cited by 151
Providing personal informal care to older European adults: Should we care about the caregivers' health?
Hiel, L., Beenackers, M. A., Renders, C. M., Robroek, S. J., Alex Burdorf, A., & Croezen, S. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.028 · Cited by 150
(Re)Designing the built environment to support physical activity: Bringing public health back into urban design and planning
Koohsari, M. J., Badland, H. M., & Giles‐Corti, B. (2013) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.07.001 · Cited by 150
Inadequate sleep and muscle strength: Implications for resistance training
Knowles, O., Drinkwater, E. J., Urwin, C. S., Lamon, S., & Aisbett, B. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.012 · Cited by 150
A Population-Based Study of the Bidirectional Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes in Three Prospective U.S. Cohorts
Huang, T., Lin, B. M., Stampfer, M. J., Tworoger, S. S., Hu, F. B., & Redline, S. S. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0675 · Cited by 150
150 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week predicts survival and successful ageing: a population-based 11-year longitudinal study of 12 201 older Australian men
Almeida, O. P., Khan, K., Hankey, G. J., Yeap, B. B., Golledge, J., & Flicker, L. A. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092814 · Cited by 149
Association of Physical Activity History With Physical Function and Mortality in Old Age
Stenholm, S., Koster, A., Valkeinen, H., Patel, K. V., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv111 · Cited by 149
Effects of an In-home Multicomponent Exergame Training on Physical Functions, Cognition, and Brain Volume of Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Adcock, M., Fankhauser, M., Post, J., Lutz, K., Zizlsperger, L., Luft, A. R., Guimar�ães, V., Schättin, A., & de Bruin, E. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2019.00321 · Cited by 149
Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention
Schroé, H., Dyck, D. V., Paepe, A. L. D., Poppe, L., Loh, W. W., Verloigne, M., Loeys, T., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., & Crombez, G. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01001-x · Cited by 149
Is a cancer diagnosis a trigger for health behaviour change? Findings from a prospective, population-based study
Williams, K., Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (2013) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.254 · Cited by 148
Impact of primary care‐initiated interventions promoting physical activity on body mass index: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Goryakin, Y., Suhlrie, L., & Cecchini, M. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12654 · Cited by 148
Mediators of Physical Activity Protection against ROS-Linked Skeletal Muscle Damage
Meo, S. D., Napolitano, G., & Venditti, P. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20123024 · Cited by 148
Neuronal ROS signaling rather than AMPK/sirtuin-mediated energy sensing links dietary restriction to lifespan extension
Schmeisser, S., Priebe, S., Groth, M., Monajembashi, S., Hemmerich, P. H., Guthke, R., Platzer, M., & Ristow, M. (2013) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2013.02.002 · Cited by 147
Monitoring human health behaviour in one's living environment: A technological review
Lowe, S., & OLaighin, G. M. (2013) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.11.010 · Cited by 147
Smoking, physical inactivity and obesity as predictors of healthy and disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 and 75: a multicohort study
Stenholm, S., Head, J. A., Mika Kivimaki, B., Kawachi, I. I., Aalto, V., Zins, M., Goldberg, M., Zaninotto, P., Hanson, L. L. M., Westerlund, H., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw126 · Cited by 146
Loneliness and the rate of motor decline in old age: the rush memory and aging project, a community-based cohort study
Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Wilson, R. S., James, B. D., Leurgans, S. E., Arnold, S. E., & Bennett, D. A. (2010) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-10-77 · Cited by 145
Consensus Physical Activity Guidelines for Asian Indians
Misra, A., Nigam, P., Hills, A. P., Chadha, D. S., Sharma, V., Deepak, K. K., Vikram, N. K., Joshi, S., Chauhan, A. K., Khanna, K., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0111 · Cited by 144
Transcriptional regulation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 gene: from physiology to pathology
Karnieli, E., & Armoni, M. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90306.2008 · Cited by 144
Oxidative stress in chronic vascular disease: From prediction to prevention
Santilli, F., D’Ardes, D., & Davì, G. (2015) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.003 · Cited by 143
The Prevention of Sport Injury: An Analysis of 12 000 Published Manuscripts
Klügl, M., Shrier, I., McBain, K., Shultz, R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Garza, D., & Matheson, G. O. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e3181f4a99c · Cited by 143
A role for FNDC5/Irisin in the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain and in neurodegenerative diseases
Young, M. F., Valaris, S., & Wrann, C. D. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.007 · Cited by 143
Influences of Green Outdoors versus Indoors Environmental Settings on Psychological and Social Outcomes of Controlled Exercise
Rogerson, M., Gladwell, V., Gallagher, D., & Barton, J. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13040363 · Cited by 142
The relationship between intensity and duration of physical activity and subjective well-being
Wicker, P. V., & Frick, B. (2015) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv131 · Cited by 142
Physical activity and motor decline in older persons
Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2006) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20702 · Cited by 142
Tutorial for Using Control Systems Engineering to Optimize Adaptive Mobile Health Interventions
Hekler, E. B., Rivera, D. E., Martín, C. A., Phatak, S. S., Freigoun, M. T., Korinek, E. V., Klasnja, P., Adams, M. A., & Buman, M. P. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8622 · Cited by 141
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Middle East and North Africa: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Chaabane, S., Chaabna, K., Abraham, A., Mamtani, R., & Cheema, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66163-x · Cited by 141
Exercise and well-being during COVID 19 – time to boost your immunity
Ranasinghe, C., Ozemek, C., & Arena, R. A. (2020) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1794818 · Cited by 141
Voluntary scheduled exercise alters diurnal rhythms of behaviour, physiology and gene expression in wild‐type and vasoactive intestinal peptide‐deficient mice
Schroeder, A., Truong, D. A., Loh, D. H., Jordan, M. C., Roos, K. P., & Colwell, C. S. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233676 · Cited by 140
Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children and Adolescents
Bergeron, M. F., Devore, C. D., & Rice, S. G. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1664 · Cited by 139
Examining Physical Activity Levels and Alcohol Consumption: Are People Who Drink More Active?
Piazza-Gardner, A. K., & Barry, A. E. (2011) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.100929-lit-328 · Cited by 139
Reliability and validity of the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) in patients after total hip arthroplasty
Wagenmakers, R., van den Akker‐Scheek, I., Groothoff, J. W., Zijlstra, W., Bulstra, S. K., Kootstra, J., Wendel‐Vos, W., van Raay, J. J., & Stevens, M. J. (2008) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-141 · Cited by 139
Exercise Testing in Sports Medicine
Löllgen, H., & Leyk, D. (2018) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0409 · Cited by 139
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Prescription of Supplements in Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: a Practical Guideline
Tabesh, M. R., Maleklou, F., Ejtehadi, F., & Alizadeh, Z. (2019) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-019-04112-y · Cited by 139
Physical Activity is a Medicine for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Survey Study Regarding the Perception of Physical Activity Impact on Health Wellbeing
Saqib, Z. A., Dai, J., Menhas, R., Mahmood, S., Karim, M., Sang, X., & Weng, Y. (2020) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s280339 · Cited by 139
Platelet-derived exerkine CXCL4/platelet factor 4 rejuvenates hippocampal neurogenesis and restores cognitive function in aged mice
Leiter, O., Brici, D., Fletcher, S. J., Yong, X. L. H., Widagdo, J., Matigian, N., Schroer, A. B., Bieri, G., Blackmore, D. G., Bartlett, P. F., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39873-9 · Cited by 139

Authors: Warburton, D. E. R.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Warburton, D. E.R.
ORCID: Warburton, D. E.R.
Venue: Canadian Medical Association Journal
Publisher: CMA Joule Inc.
Published: 2006-03-14
Volume: 174
Issue: 6
Pages: 801-809
ISSN: 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
1488-2329
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.051351
PMC: PMC1402378
OpenAlex: W2128621051
Cited by: 8,007
References: 181
Citations by year: 2026: 275 · 2025: 437 · 2024: 486 · 2023: 479 · 2022: 482 · 2021: 623 · 2020: 539 · 2019: 566 · 2018: 575 · 2017: 487 · 2016: 510 · 2015: 473 · 2014: 414 · 2013: 411 · 2012: 319
FWCI: 15.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Locations: Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Michael Smith Health Research BC
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Recreational Sport and Physical Activity
Keywords: physical activity, physical inactivity, chronic disease prevention, premature mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression, osteoporosis, physical activity guidelines, sedentary individuals, dose-response relationship, health benefits
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Health Status, Humans, Life Expectancy, Neoplasms, Physical Fitness, Health Behavior, Exercise

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks