Cited by 130Dermatology and Skin DiseasesAdvancements in Transdermal Drug DeliveryHair Growth and Disorders

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Animal models of skin disease for drug discovery

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Avci, Pinar, Sadasivam, Magesh, Gupta, Asheesh, De Melo, Wanessa CMA, Huang, Ying-Ying, Yin, Rui, Chandran, Rakkiyappan, Kumar, Raj, Otufowora, Ayodeji, Nyame, Theodore, Hamblin, Michael R·2013·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

DOI 10.1517/17460441.2013.761202PMC PMC3580014

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Discovery of novel drugs, treatments, and testing of consumer products in the field of dermatology is a multi-billion dollar business. Due to the distressing nature of many dermatological diseases, and the enormous consumer demand for products to reverse the effects of skin photodamage, aging, and hair loss, this is a very active field. AREAS COVERED: In this paper, we will cover the use of animal models that have been reported to recapitulate to a greater or lesser extent the features of human dermatological disease. There has been a remarkable increase in the number and variety of transgenic mouse models in recent years, and the basic strategy for constructing them is outlined. EXPERT OPINION: Inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases are all represented by a range of mouse models both transgenic and normal. Skin cancer is mainly studied in mice and fish. Wound healing is studied in a wider range of animal species, and skin infections such as acne and leprosy also have been studied in animal models. Moving to the more consumer-oriented area of dermatology, there are models for studying the harmful effect of sunlight on the skin, and testing of sunscreens, and several different animal models of hair loss or alopecia.

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“The most widely used animal models for studying dermatitis are AD, psoriasis, and contact hypersensitivity (Avci et al., 2013) models.”
Method
Anti-inflammatory activities of Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) in concanavalin A stimulated murine splenocytes and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced murine skin edema
Herath, K. H. I. N. M., Bing, S. J., Cho, J., Kim, A., Shin, S., Kim, G., Lee, J.-C., & Jee, Y. (2016) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.042 · Cited by 11
Dual-crosslinked injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogel with synergistic photothermal-controlled release of black phosphorus-baicalein for accelerating wound healing
Han, H., Wang, Z., Wu, T., et al. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124532 · Cited by 10
Establishment and translational evaluation of animal models for skin wound healing: a systematic review
Zhang, Y., Leng, K., Dong, M., Wu, J., Wang, Z., Zhu, Q., Gao, X., & Sun, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1800001 · Cited by 11
Experimental Animal Models: Tools to Investigate Antidiabetic Activity
Jain, A. K., Madhariya, R., Dixena, B., Ram, A., & Vyas, A. (2022) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612829666221220115649 · Cited by 13
Antipsoriatic effect of fatty acid enriched fraction of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. fruits
Dogra, N. K., Kumar, S., Thakur, K., & Kumar, D. (2018) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.038 · Cited by 10
Estimation of Biological Parameters of Cutaneous Ulcers Caused by Leishmaniasis in an Animal Model Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Botina-Monsalve, D. J., Franco, R., Murillo, J. D., et al. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19214674 · Cited by 10
“The golden hamster is recommended for CL studies, due to the similarity of the structure of its skin with respect to human skin [30,31].”
Background
Polysaccharide-based skin scaffolds with enhanced mechanical compatibility with native human skin
Malhotra, D., Pan, S., Rüther, L., Schlippe, G., Voss, W., & Germann, N. (2021) · Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104607 · Cited by 10
The First Cut Is the Deepest
Hobson, D. W., Schuh, J. C. L., Zurawski, D. V., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1177/1091581816656804 · Cited by 10
“There are numerous small and large animal models of wound healing, and careful consideration of the pros and cons of each model or induction method needs to be understood to select the best wounding model for investigative or therapeutic studies.(9,10) Once the model or models are selected, the study must be designed…”
Method
Recent Trends in Nanocarriers for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Kumar, P., Ashawat, M. S., Pandit, V. R., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology · doi:10.2174/2211738511666230330115229 · Cited by 9
Impetigo Animal Models: A Review of Their Feasibility and Clinical Utility for Therapeutic Appraisal of Investigational Drug Candidates
Abrha, S., Bartholomaeus, A., Tesfaye, W. H., & Thomas, J. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9100694 · Cited by 9
“There has been a preference for mice (Mus musculus) as a model for SSTIs in recent years and mice are currently the most widely employed animal to model skin and other infectious diseases [24,36,67], not only because of their relative genomic similarity with humans, but also because of their availability, ease of hand…”
Background
Barrier lipid composition and response to plasma lipids: A direct comparison of mouse dorsal back and ear skin
Cardoso, R. M., Absalah, S., Eck, M. V., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2020) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.14106 · Cited by 9
IFN-gamma role in granuloma formation in experimental subcutaneous cysticercosis
Freitas, A. A., Moura, V. B. L., Irusta, V. R. C., Vinaud, M. C., de Oliveira, M. A. P., & Lino-Júnior, R. S. (2016) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2016.06.004 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of lyophilized royal jelly and garlic extract emulgels using a murine model infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
El-Gayar, M. H., Ishak, R. A. H., Esmat, A., et al. (2022) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-022-01378-x · Cited by 8
“Many studies in the literature concerned with superficial skin infection in mice/rats (Aguiar et al. 2009; Kugelberg et al. 2005; Masson-Meyers et al. 2020; Guay 2003; Avci et al. 2013).”
Background
Preclinical techniques for drug discovery in psoriasis
Gujarathi, P. P., Korat, R., & Gujarathi, P. S. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112378 · Cited by 8
Augmented Transcutaneous Stimulation Using an Injectable Electrode: A Computational Study
Verma, N., Graham, R., Mudge, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.796042 · Cited by 8
“The domestic swine is a good model for human skin, with similar histological and biochemical properties, such as epidermal turnover time, subdermal adipose tissue, vasculature, and collagen structure, and arrangement in the dermis (Avci et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Radiation dermatitis in the hairless mouse model mimics human radiation dermatitis
Lawrence, J., Seelig, D. M., Demos-Davies, K. M., Ferreira, C., Ren, Y., Wang, L., Alam, S. K., Yang, R., Guedes, A. G. P., Craig, A., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-76021-9 · Cited by 7
“Hairless mice are ideal because their wound healing has been well characterized, and their skin mimics human sebaceous skin most affected by radiation dermatitis 38,48 .”
Background
Treatment of experimentally induced partial-thickness burns in rats with different silver-impregnated dressings
Carvalho, C. D. S., Bernardes, M. J. C., Gonçalves, R. C., et al. (2022) · Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/acb370801 · Cited by 7
Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review
Kumar, P., Sharma, D. K., & Ashawat, M. S. (2019) · Current Drug Therapy · doi:10.2174/1574885514666191018165209 · Cited by 7
Cytotoxic Evaluation in HaCaT Cells of the Pa.7 Bacteriophage from Cutibacterium ( Propionibacterium ) acnes , Free and Encapsulated Within Liposomes
Bello, D. T. D., Narváez, D. M., Groot, H., et al. (2023) · PHAGE · doi:10.1089/phage.2022.0038 · Cited by 6
“29 However, due to the ethical concerns regarding this type of assays, a preferred way to evaluate cytotoxicity in the case of phages intended for use in the human skin is through in vitro tests.”
Investigating material basis and molecular mechanism of Qing Cuo formula in the treatment of acne based on animal experiments, UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology
Cao, Y., Liang, J., Wang, C., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceutical Biology · doi:10.1080/13880209.2023.2225546 · Cited by 5
“The male golden hamsters were selected as damp-heat constitution acne model (Avci et al. 2013; Wang J et al. 2021).”
Method
A detachable dissolving microneedles patch as a new effective platform to deliver Japanese encephalitis live attenuated chimeric vaccine
Dumkliang, E., Suriyaamporn, P., Patrojanasophon, P., Ngawhirunpat, T., Rojanarata, T., Opanasopit, P., Yoksan, S., & Pamornpathomkul, B. (2024) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105377 · Cited by 5
An Antimicrobial Blue Light Prototype Device Controls Infected Wounds in a Preclinical Porcine Model
Negri, L. B., Farinelli, W. A., Korupolu, S., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae548 · Cited by 5
Acceleration of Apoptosis by Extracellular Basic pH in a 3D Human Skin Equivalent System
Park, G., Oh, D., Kim, Y., et al. (2017) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000475884 · Cited by 5
Topical ozonated virgin coconut oil improves wound healing and increases HSP90α, VEGF-A, EGF, bFGF and CD34 in diabetic ulcer mouse model of wound healing
Yuniati, R., Subchan, P., Riawan, W., Khrisna, M. B., Restiwijaya, M., Kusumaningrum, N. S. D., & Nur, M. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.22525.2 · Cited by 5
Scaling factors to inform in vitro-in vivo extrapolation from preclinical and livestock animals: state of the field and recommendations for development of missing data
Zimmer, A., & Collier, A. (2025) · Drug metabolism reviews (Softcover ed.) · doi:10.1080/03602532.2025.2462527 · Cited by 4
“Aside from reproductive studies, rabbits are also deployed in ocular and epidermal studies, due to the similarities to the human eye and skin (Avci et al. 2013; Zernii et al. 2016).”
Nitric Oxide Donor and Minoxidil Co‐Loaded Microneedles Improving Hair Loss Treatment
Wang, X., Ju, X., & He, C. (2025) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202500225 · Cited by 5
Advancing preclinical research with reconstructed in vitro skin models mimicking non-healing wounds
Daré, R. G., Lopes, L. B., Petri‐Fink, A., & Rothen‐Rutishauser, B. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics X · doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2026.100518 · Cited by 6
Evaluations of a Cutaneous Wound Healing Model Using Oxygen Enhanced – Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging (OE-DCE PAI)
Yang, E., Khaled, A. S., Liang, X., de la Cerda, J., Schuler, F. W., Goel, S., & Pagel, M. D. (2024) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-024-01966-2 · Cited by 6
“Pre-clinical studies with rodent models of cutaneous wounds can be useful for understanding the complex biology of wound healing under a variety of conditions and for initial evaluations of new therapeutics [15–17].”
Efficacy of topical soy Isoflavonoid extract in prevention and reversal of photo-ageing in guinea pig model
Padmavathi, T., Johnley, I. I. R., & Jeyabaskaran, P. (2020) · Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.18231/j.pjms.2020.025 · Cited by 4
“Padmavathi, Johnley and Jeyabaskaran / Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 2020;10(2):108–113 109”
BackgroundInfluential
Activation of creER recombinase in the mouse calvaria induces local recombination without effects on distant skeletal segments
Hou, J., Lin, C. P., & Intini, G. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87611-2 · Cited by 4
Advances in skin-on-a-chip technology: Functional innovations and translational challenges
Zhang, J., Zhang, Q., Fang, X., Guo, G. S., & Wang, X. (2025) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2025.118500 · Cited by 5
Moving lab-grown tissues into the clinic: organ-on-a-chip and bioengineered skin systems
Reed-McBain, C. A., Patel, J. D., Reed-McBain, F. L. K., Al‐Adra, D. P., Virumbrales-Muñoz, M., & Ayuso, J. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies · doi:10.3389/frlct.2024.1383783 · Cited by 4
Objective Noninvasive Measurement of the Volumizing Effect of a Dermal Filler: An In Vivo Study
Liu, X., Niu, H., Shi, M., et al. (2024) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04138-3 · Cited by 3
Atopic Dermatitis: A Review on Nanocarrier-based Dermo-pharmaceutical Formulation for Inflammatory Effect
Kukreja, T., & Saraf, S. (2025) · Current Indian Science · doi:10.2174/012210299x358884250211064638 · Cited by 3
The dorsal skinfold chamber: A valuable model for the in vivo evaluation of topical formulations
Dahmke, I. N., Ampofo, E., Menger, M. D., et al. (2019) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.13983 · Cited by 3
Recapitulate genistein for topical applications including nanotechnology delivery
Jahan, A., Akhtar, J., Badruddeen, B., Jaiswal, N., Ali, A., & Ahmad, U. (2022) · Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry · doi:10.1080/24701556.2022.2048021 · Cited by 3
“Wrinkles associated with subsequent age are often more artificial and subtle, whereas those associated with earlier aging are more visible and coarser.([46]) As a result, photoaging caused by sunlight causes increased concern among medical professionals, and it is far more important to avoid UV-induced skin damage tha…”
Background
Topical ozonated virgin coconut oil improves wound healing and increases HSP90α, VEGF-A, EGF, bFGF and CD34 in diabetic ulcer mouse model of wound healing
Yuniati, R., Subchan, P., Riawan, W., Khrisna, M. B., Restiwijaya, M., Kusumaningrum, N. S. D., & Nur, M. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.22525.1 · Cited by 3
Diffuse Reflectance Parameters of Treated Leishmaniasis Cutaneous Ulcers and Association with Histopathologies in an Animal Model: A Proof of Concept
Restrepo, L., Murillo, J. D., Botina-Monsalve, D. J., Zarzycki, A., Garzón, J., Franco, R., Montaño, J., Calderon, S., Torres-Madronero, M. C., Marzani, F. S., et al. (2021) · SLAS TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.1177/24726303211030292 · Cited by 3
Enhancing cutaneous efficacy of ketoprofen through nanocarrier-based formulations: A scoping review
Sari, M. H. M., Souza, N. M. P., Silva, P. R., de Lima, C. M. G., Rego, F. G. D. M., Ferreira, L. M., & Cruz, L. (2025) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106788 · Cited by 2
Dynamic biomimicry in skin-on-a-chip: multi-scale construction to translational dermatology, drug screening and cosmetic evaluation
Sang, L., Liu, A., Wang, H., Li, W. L., Tu, Q., & Wang, J. (2026) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d5lc01173f · Cited by 2
Topical ozonated virgin coconut oil improves wound healing and increases HSP90α, VEGF-A, EGF, bFGF, and CD34 in diabetic ulcer mouse model of wound healing
Yuniati, R., Subchan, P., Riawan, W., Khrisna, M. B., Restiwijaya, M., Kusumaningrum, N. S. D., & Nur, M. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.22525.3 · Cited by 2
Splice variants of porcine PPHLN1 encoding periphilin-1
Larsen, K., Momeni, J., Farajzadeh, L., et al. (2017) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2017.04.009 · Cited by 1

Authors: Avci, P., Sadasivam, M., Gupta, A., De Melo, W. C., Huang, Y.-Y., Yin, R., Chandran, R., Kumar, R., Otufowora, A., Nyame, T., & Hamblin, M. R.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Amity University (IN)
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
ORCID: Sadasivam, Magesh
Gupta, Asheesh
Huang, Ying-Ying
Yin, Rui
Chandran, Rakkiyappan
Kumar, Raj
Otufowora, Ayodeji
Hamblin, Michael R
Venue: Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2013-01-08
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Pages: 331-355
ISSN: 1746-0441 (ISSN-L)
1746-045X
DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.761202
PMC: PMC3580014
OpenAlex: W2102728708
Cited by: 130
References: 190
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 0.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI050875)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
Keywords: transgenic mouse model, inflammatory skin diseases, autoimmune skin disease, wound healing model, acne, leprosy, sunburn, sunscreen testing, hair loss
MeSH terms: Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Inflammation, Skin Diseases, Drug Discovery

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