The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is There a Physiologic Basis for Creatine Use in Children and Adolescents?
Abstract
The purported ergogenic benefits of creatine for the adult population have been well documented. In able-bodied children and adolescents, there is a paucity of data on creatine use and the purported ergogenic effects of creatine. Only 1 study to date has investigated the ergogenic properties of creatine in the adolescent population. The purpose of this review was to try to establish a rationale for creatine use in the child and adolescent population. The limited literature available in this area did not provide a strong enough rationale from either a physiologic or performance perspective for creatine supplementation in these populations. However, significantly more research is required before definitive conclusions can be made.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While the physiological rationale regarding an ergogenic benefit in adolescents is similar to that seen in adults [8], the lack of randomized controlled trials and clinical data supporting the safety of creatine supplementation protocols among adolescent populations has resulted in hesitation regarding its widespread recommendation by some practitioners.”
From Creatine Supplementation in Children and Adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Unnithan et al. (88) eloquently described the physiological basis for creatine use in adolescents and came to the conclusion that in anaerobic athletes, there exists a metabolic rationale as to how and why creatine may provide an ergogenic benefit.”
From Safety of Creatine Supplementation in Active Adolescents and Youth: A Brief Review (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
Citations
Cites
Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
Harris, R. C., Söderlund, K., & Hultman, E. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0830367 · Cited by 1,168
Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation
CLARKSON, P. M., NOSAKA, K., & BRAUN, B. (1992) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199205000-00004 · Cited by 970
Self-citationMuscle Metabolism and Enzyme Activities after Training in Boys 11–13 Years Old
Eriksson, B. O., Gollnick, P. D., & Saltin, B. (1973) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05415.x · Cited by 326
Birch, R., Noble, D., & Greenhaff, P. L. (1994) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf01094800 · Cited by 251
Stöckler, S., Hanefeld, F., & Frahm, J. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)04116-5 · Cited by 240
Creatine Supplementation Enhances Muscular Performance During High-Intensity Resistance Exercise
VOLEK, J. S., KRAEMER, W. J., BUSH, J. A., BOETES, M., INCLEDON, T., CLARK, K. L., & LYNCH, J. M. (1997) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00189-2 · Cited by 219
Schulze, A., Hess, T., Wevers, R. A., Mayatepek, E., Bachert, P., Marescau, B., Knopp, M. V., Deyn, P. P. D., Bremer, H. J., & Rating, D. (1997) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70075-1 · Cited by 170
Comparison of two regimens of concurrent strength and endurance training.
SALE, D. G., JACOBS, I., MACDOUGALL, J. D., & GARNER, S. (1990) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199006000-00012 · Cited by 161
31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of leg muscle metabolism during exercise in children and adults
Zanconato, S., Buchthal, S. D., Barstow, T. J., & Cooper, D. M. (1993) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2214 · Cited by 143
MUSCLE METABOLITES DURING EXERCISE IN PUBERTAL BOYS
Eriksson, B. O., Karlsson, J., & Saltin, B. (1971) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1971.tb05717.x · Cited by 139
Scaling of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes in mammals
Emmett, B., & Hochachka, P. W. (1981) · Respiration Physiology · doi:10.1016/0034-5687(81)90010-4 · Cited by 137
Grindstaff, P. D., Kreider, R., Bishop, R., Wilson, M., Wood, L., Alexander, C., & Almada, A. (1997) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition · doi:10.1123/ijsn.7.4.330 · Cited by 135
Physical training, oxygen supply and muscle metabolism in 11-13-year old boys.
Bo, E. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 134
Effects of Dehydration on Exercise Performance
Barr, S. I. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h99-014 · Cited by 133
Kraemer, W. J., & Volek, J. S. (1999) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70174-5 · Cited by 130
Kuno, S., Takahashi, H., Fujimoto, K., Akima, H., Miyamura, M., Nemoto, I., Itai, Y., & Katsuta, S. (1995) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00865026 · Cited by 97
The effectiveness of weight-belts during the squat exercise
LANDER, J. E., SIMONTON, R. L., & GIACOBBE, J. K. F. (1990) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199002000-00019 · Cited by 92
Exercise and training effects on gastric emptying of carbohydrate beverages
REHRER, N. J., BECKERS, E., BROUNS, F., HOOR, F. T., & SARIS, W. H. M. (1989) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198910000-00008 · Cited by 92
MUSCLE METABOLISM IN CHILDREN—A REVIEW
Eriksson, B. O. (1980) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb15304.x · Cited by 92
Long-Term Effects of Creatine Monohydrate on Strength and Power
PEARSON, D. R., Hamby, D. G., RUSSEL, W., & Harris, T. (1999) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-199908000-00001 · Cited by 60
Kelly, V. G., & Jenkins, D. G. (1998) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-199805000-00010 · Cited by 50
Medicine and science in aquatic sports
宮下, 充., 武藤, 芳., & Richardson, A. B. (1994) · KARGER eBooks · Cited by 50
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Studying Exercise in Children
Cooper, D. M., & Barstow, T. J. (1996) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/00003677-199600240-00017 · Cited by 20
Physiologic Considerations in Age-Group Swimming
Bar‐Or, O., Unnithan, V. B., & Illescas, C. (2015) · Medicine and sport science/Medicine and sport · doi:10.1159/000423728 · Cited by 10
Self-citationTarnopolsky (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199909)22:9
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults
(2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181915670 · Cited by 4,332
Physiology of Soccer: An Update
St??len, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisl??ff, U. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004 · Cited by 2,325
Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription
KRAEMER, W. J., & RATAMESS, N. A. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61 · Cited by 1,992
Deutz, N. E. P., Bauer, J. M., Barazzoni, R., Biolo, G., Boirie, Y., Bosy-Westphal, A., Cederholm, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A., Krznariç, Z., Nair, K. S., et al. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007 · Cited by 1,738
Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing
Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500457109 · Cited by 1,707
Metadata
- Authors
- UNNITHAN, V. B., VEEHOF, S. H. E., VELLA, C. A., & KERN, M.
- Affiliations
- Syracuse University (US)
- University of San Francisco (US)
- San Francisco State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 524-528
- ISSN
- 1064-8011 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993077130
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- San Francisco State University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Biochemical effects in animals
- Keywords
- creatine supplementation, children, adolescents, ergogenic aids, performance improvement, exercise performance
- MeSH terms
- Contraindications, Adaptation, Physiological, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Development, Creatine, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Physical Education and Training, Sports, Task Performance and Analysis, Anaerobic Threshold, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
