Postexercise Carbohydrate–Protein Supplementation Improves Subsequent Exercise Performance and Intracellular Signaling for Protein Synthesis
Abstract
Postexercise carbohydrate-protein (CHO + PRO) supplementation has been proposed to improve recovery and subsequent endurance performance compared to CHO supplementation. This study compared the effects of a CHO + PRO supplement in the form of chocolate milk (CM), isocaloric CHO, and placebo (PLA) on recovery and subsequent exercise performance. Ten cyclists performed 3 trials, cycling 1.5 hours at 70% VO₂max plus 10 minutes of intervals. They ingested supplements immediately postexercise and 2 hours into a 4-hour recovery. Biopsies were performed at recovery minutes 0, 45, and 240 (R0, R45, REnd). Postrecovery, subjects performed a 40-km time trial (TT). The TT time was faster in CM than in CHO and in PLA (79.43 ± 2.11 vs. 85.74 ± 3.44 and 86.92 ± 3.28 minutes, p ≤ 0.05). Muscle glycogen resynthesis was higher in CM and in CHO than in PLA (23.58 and 30.58 vs. 7.05 μmol·g⁻¹ wet weight, p ≤ 0.05). The mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation was greater at R45 in CM than in CHO or in PLA (174.4 ± 36.3 vs. 131.3 ± 28.1 and 73.7 ± 7.8% standard, p ≤ 0.05) and at REnd in CM than in PLA (94.5 ± 9.9 vs. 69.1 ± 3.8%, p ≤ 0.05). rpS6 phosphorylation was greater in CM than in PLA at R45 (41.0 ± 8.3 vs. 15.3 ± 2.9%, p ≤ 0.05) and REnd (16.8 ± 2.8 vs. 8.4 ± 1.9%, p ≤ 0.05). FOXO3A phosphorylation was greater at R45 in CM and in CHO than in PLA (84.7 ± 6.7 and 85.4 ± 4.7 vs. 69.2 ± 5.5%, p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that postexercise CM supplementation can improve subsequent exercise performance and provide a greater intracellular signaling stimulus for PRO synthesis compared to CHO and placebo.
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Timing of protein near (±2 h) aerobic and anaerobic exercise training appears to provide greater activation of molecular signalling pathways that regulate myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis as well as glycogen synthesis.
“Results from other research groups [56–58, 66] show that timing of protein near (± 2 h) aerobic and anaerobic exercise training appears to provide a greater activation of the molecular signalling pathways that regulate myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis as well as glycogen synthesis.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Ferguson-Stegall, L., McCleave, E. L., Ding, Z., Doerner, P. G., Wang, B., Liao, Y.-H., Kammer, L., Liu, Y., Hwang, J., Dessard, B. M., & Ivy, J. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ivy, John L
- Venue
- Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1210-1224
- ISSN
- 1064-8011 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042408491
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- chocolate milk, muscle glycogen resynthesis, mTOR signaling, p70 S6 kinase, FOXO3, protein synthesis, endurance performance, recovery, cyclists, time trial performance, post-exercise recovery, muscle biopsy, mTORC1, mTORC2, S6K1
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Biopsy, Needle, Blood Chemical Analysis, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Exercise Test, Physical Exertion, Female, Glycogen, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, Reference Values, Protein Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Young Adult
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