Chocolate milk for recovery from exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

Amiri, Mojgan; Ghiasvand, Reza; Kaviani, Mojtaba; Forbes, Scott C.; Salehi-Abargouei, Amin

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0187-x

Cited by 47Muscle metabolism and nutritionExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

Chocolate milk for recovery from exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

Amiri, Mojgan, Ghiasvand, Reza, Kaviani, Mojtaba, Forbes, Scott C., Salehi-Abargouei, Amin·2019·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1038/s41430-018-0187-x

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Abstract

Background/objectives Chocolate milk (CM) contains carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, as well as water and electrolytes, which may be ideal for post-exercise recovery. We systematically reviewed the evidence regarding the efficacy of CM compared to either water or other "sport drinks" on post-exercise recovery markers.Subjects/methods PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar were explored up to April 2017 for controlled trials investigating the effect of CM on markers of recovery in trained athletes.Results Twelve studies were included in the systematic review (2, 9, and 1 with high, fair and low quality, respectively) and 11 had extractable data on at least one performance/recovery marker [7 on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), 6 on time to exhaustion (TTE) and heart rate (HR), 4 on serum lactate, and serum creatine kinase (CK)]. The meta-analyses revealed that CM consumption had no effect on TTE, RPE, HR, serum lactate, and CK (P > 0.05) compared to placebo or other sport drinks. Subgroup analysis revealed that TTE significantly increases after consumption of CM compared to placebo [mean difference (MD) = 0.78 min, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 1.29, P = 0.003] and carbohydrate, protein, and fat-containing beverages (MD = 6.13 min, 95% CI: 0.11, 12.15, P = 0.046). Furthermore, a significant attenuation on serum lactate was observed when CM was compared with placebo (MD = -1.2 mmol/L, 95% CI: -2.06,-0.34, P = 0.006).Conclusion CM provides either similar or superior results when compared to placebo or other recovery drinks. Overall, the evidence is limited and high-quality clinical trials with more well-controlled methodology and larger sample sizes are warranted.

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Pomegranate, cow's milk, or chocolate milk might potentially improve exercise performance and post-exercise recovery.
“Finally, it has been recently reviewed systematically if other foods, such as Pomegranate [137], cow’s milk [138], or Chocolate milk [139], might potentially improve exercise-performance and post-exercise recovery but further research is needed to extract definitive conclusions.”
From The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates (2020) · cites this paper as [139]

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Authors: Amiri, M., Ghiasvand, R., Kaviani, M., Forbes, S. C., & Salehi-Abargouei, A.
Affiliations: Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IR)
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Acadia University (CA)
Brandon University (CA)
ORCID: Amiri, Mojgan
Ghiasvand, Reza
Kaviani, Mojtaba
Forbes, Scott C.
Salehi-Abargouei, Amin
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-06-19
Volume: 73
Issue: 6
Pages: 835-849
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0187-x
OpenAlex: W2808874951
Cited by: 47
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 0.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: chocolate milk, post-exercise recovery, sports drinks, time to exhaustion, rating of perceived exertion, serum lactate, creatine kinase, trained athletes, fluid replacement
MeSH terms: Chocolate, Animals, Beverages, Humans, Milk, Physical Endurance, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Recovery of Function

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Chocolate milk for recovery from exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

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