Expectancy/Credibility Change as a Mediator of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Mechanism of Action or Proxy for Symptom Change?

Newman, Michelle G.; Fisher, Aaron J.

doi:10.1521/ijct.2010.3.3.245

Cited by 83Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychological Treatments and Assessments

Expectancy/Credibility Change as a Mediator of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Mechanism of Action or Proxy for Symptom Change?

Open access

Newman, Michelle G., Fisher, Aaron J.·2010·International Journal of Cognitive Therapy

DOI 10.1521/ijct.2010.3.3.245PMC PMC2995495

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Examined the mediating effect of changes in expectancy/credibility from sessions 4-7 of 14-session cognitive and behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In 76 adults with primary GAD, we predicted that expectancy/credibility would change significantly from sessions 4-7, that degree of change in expectancy/credibility would predict degree of reliable change at posttreatment, and that changes in expectancy/credibility would mediate the relationship between pretreatment severity and change at posttreatment. In support of the hypotheses, a latent growth model revealed significant increases in expectancy/credibility over the critical period. In addition, baseline GAD severity, expectancy/credibility intercept, and rate of change in expectancy/credibility all positively predicted degree of reliable change at posttreatment. Rate of change in expectancy/credibility during the critical period partially mediated the effect of baseline GAD severity, accounting for 38% of the variance in this relationship. This effect was not accounted for by preceding or concurrently changing anxiety levels.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1521/ijct.2010.3.3.245

Cites

87 of 87 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Mediators of CBT include the establishment of flexible emotional responding and change in expectancy or credibility.
“mediators of CBT have included the establishment of flexible emotional responding [34] and change in expectancy/credibility [37].”
From Psychotherapeutic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: cognitive and behavioral therapies, enhancement strategies, and emerging efforts (2022) · cites this paper as [37]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,542 · see citing works
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532 · see citing works
A rating scale for depression
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Social Learning Theory
Kytle, J., & Bandura, A. (1978) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2065952 · Cited by 25,422 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1970) · Cited by 24,983 · see citing works
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Morvan, C., & O’Connor, A. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912282432 · Cited by 18,284 · see citing works
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
The assessment of anxiety states by rating
HAMILTON, M. (1959) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x · Cited by 11,455 · see citing works
Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
Handbook of Social Psychology
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245 · see citing works
Statistics and Causal Inference
Holland, P. W. (1986) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354 · Cited by 5,293 · see citing works
Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 · Cited by 5,099 · see citing works
Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
Garfield, S. L., Bergin, A. E., & Dryden, W. (1987) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.1.4.264a · Cited by 3,998 · see citing works
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
(2021) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/(issn)1468-2850 · Cited by 3,683 · see citing works
Testing Mediational Models With Longitudinal Data: Questions and Tips in the Use of Structural Equation Modeling.
Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.4.558 · Cited by 3,605 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 2,713 · see citing works
Mediators and Moderators of Treatment Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials
Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, G. T., Fairburn, C. G., & Agras, W. S. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.877 · Cited by 2,562 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Kraemer et al. (2002) have argued that in the course of a randomized controlled trial, “all mechanisms are mediators, but not all mediators are mechanisms” (p. 878).”
Background
Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire
Devilly, G. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2000) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00012-4 · Cited by 2,295 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire—(CEQ; Borkovec & Nau, 1972; Devilly & Borkovec, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluential
Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence
Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.685 · Cited by 2,097 · see citing works
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6 · Cited by 1,553 · see citing works
Clinical psychology: Science and practice.
Kazdin, A. E. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00001.x · Cited by 1,361 · see citing works
Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders.
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.1.49 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for the classification of emotional disorders
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.49 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in a clinical anxiety disorders sample
Brown, T. A., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1992) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90093-v · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
Borkovec, T. D., & Costello, E. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.4.611 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Generalized anxiety disorder: prevalence, burden, and cost to society
Wittchen, H.-U. (2002) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10065 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Common mental disorders and disability across cultures. Results from the WHO Collaborative Study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care
Ormel, E. A. J. (1995) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e536912011-072 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression.
Tang, T. Z., & DeRubeis, R. J. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.6.894 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Common Mental Disorders and Disability Across Cultures: Results From the WHO Collaborative Study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care
Ormel, J. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520220035028 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Progressive Relaxation Training: A Manual for the Helping Professions
Bernstein, D. A., & Borkovec, T. D. (1973) · Cited by 578 · see citing works
A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems.
Borkovec, T. D., Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., & Lytle, R. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.2.288 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and associated characteristics.
Plaza, S. M., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994) · Cited by 523 · see citing works
The role of nonspecific factors in cognitive-behavior therapy for depression.
Ilardi, S. S., & Craighead, W. E. (1994) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00016.x · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Reliability of DSM-III-R Anxiety Disorder Categories: Using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—Revised (ADIS-R)
Di Nardo, P. A. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160009001 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Are patient expectations still relevant for psychotherapy process and outcome
Greenberg, R. P., Constantino, M. J., & Bruce, N. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.03.002 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Systematic desensitization and nonspecific treatment effects: A methodological evaluation.
Kazdin, A. E., & Wilcoxon, L. A. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.5.729 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Systematic desensitization as training in self-control.
Goldfried, M. R. (1971) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031974 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The empirical basis of generalized anxiety disorder
Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.9.1272 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Associations between anxiety disorders and physical illness
H�rter, M. C., Conway, K. P., & Merikangas, K. R. (2003) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-003-0449-y · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Methodological issues in prediction of treatment outcome.
Steketee, G. (1992) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90123-p · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression
Tang, T. Z., & DeRubeis, R. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.67.6.894 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Taking the Measure of Anxiety and Depression Validity of the Reconstructed Hamilton Scales
Riskind, J. H., Beck, A. T., Brown, G. P., & Steer, R. A. (1987) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198708000-00005 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
The functioning and well-being of patients with unrecognized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder
Schonfeld, W. H., Verboncoeur, C. J., Fifer, S., Lipschutz, R. C., Lubeck, D. P., & Buesching, D. P. (1997) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(96)01416-4 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80221-7 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Expectancy, homework compliance, and initial change in cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety.
Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Marcus, M. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.3.363 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Hamilton anxiety rating scale interview guide: Joint interview and test-retest methods for interrater reliability
Bruss, G. S., GRUENBERG, A. M., Goldstein, R. D., & Barber, J. P. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90110-4 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Interrater agreement for journal manuscript reviews.
Whitehurst, G. J. “. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.1.22 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Treatment of nonphobic anxiety disorders: A comparison of nondirective, cognitive, and coping desensitization therapy.
Borkovec, T. D., & Mathews, A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.877 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Recommendations for a cost-offset model of psychotherapy allocation using generalized anxiety disorder as an example.
Newman, M. G. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.549 · Cited by 167 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Thus, untreated GAD is very expensive in terms of distress, disability, lost-work productivity, quality of life, and medical problems (Newman, 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effects of psychotherapy on comorbid conditions in generalized anxiety disorder.
Borkovec, T. D., Abel, J. L., & Newman, H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.3.479 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Effects of psychotherapy on comorbid conditions in generalized anxiety disorder.
Borkovec, T. D., Abel, J. L., & Newman, H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.3.479 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Effects of expectancy on the outcome of systematic desensitization and implosive treatments for analogue anxiety
Borkovec, T. D. (1972) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(72)80049-2 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Men and Women With Established Coronary Heart Disease
Todaro, J. F., Shen, B., Raffa, S. D., Tilkemeier, P. L., & NIAURA, R. S. (2007) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/01.hcr.0000265036.24157.e7 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Clinical significance methods: Which one to use and how useful are they?
McGlinchey, J. B., Atkins, D. C., & Jacobson, N. S. (2002) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(02)80015-6 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Prevalence of anxiety in coronary patients with improvement following cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training
Lavie, C. J., & Milani, R. V. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.10.015 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Does generalized anxiety disorder predict coronary heart disease risk factors independently of major depressive disorder?
Barger, S. D., & Sydeman, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.012 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Patterns and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder in community samples.
Kessler, R. C., & Wïttchen, H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Diagnostic Comorbidity in Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Impact of Comorbidity on Psychotherapy Outcome and Impact of Psychotherapy on Comorbid Diagnoses
Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Fisher, A. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2010) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.005 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of treatment expectancy in youth receiving exposure-based CBT for obsessive compulsive disorder
Lewin, A. B., Peris, T. S., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J. T., & Piacentini, J. C. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.001 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Treatment of nonphobic anxiety disorders: A comparison of nondirective, cognitive, and coping desensitization therapy.
Borkovec, T. D., & Mathews, A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.877 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
On predicting improvement and relapse in generalized anxiety disorder following psychotherapy
Durham, R. C., Allan, T., & Hackett, C. A. (1997) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01234.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Development and validation of a computer-administered version of the Hamilton Rating Scale.
Kobak, K. A., Reynolds, W. M., & Greist, J. H. (1993) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.4.487 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Mental Health Conditions are Associated With Increased Health Care Utilization Among Urban Family Medicine Patients
Fogarty, C. T., Sharma, S., Chetty, V. K., & Culpepper, L. (2008) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2008.05.070082 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The impact of variations in treatment rationales on expectancies for therapeutic change
Kazdin, A. E., & Krouse, R. (1983) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(83)80058-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Credibility and outcome of cognitive—behavioural and psychodynamic—interpersonal psychotherapy
Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., Shapiro, D. A., Reynolds, S. A., Rees, A., & Stiles, W. B. (1995) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01489.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: who gets better?
Wetherell, J. L., Hopko, D. R., Diefenbach, G. J., Averill, P. M., Beck, J. G., Craske, M. G., Gatz, M., Novy, D. M., & Stanley, M. A. (2005) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80063-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Combined medication and cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Crits-Christoph, P. F., Newman, M. G., Rickels, K., Gallop, R., Gibbons, M. B. C., Hamilton, J. L., Ring‐Kurtz, S., & Pastva, A. M. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.007 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of a treatment rationale on expectancy and engagement in cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety
Ahmed, M., & Westra, H. A. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9182-1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The relationship between credibility of therapy and simulated therapeutic effects
Nau, S. D., Caputo, J. A., & Borkovec, T. D. (1974) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(74)90098-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Distinguishing anxiety and depression: Reexamination of the reconstructed Hamilton scales.
Moras, K., Nardo, P. A. D., & Barlow, D. H. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.224 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Expectancies in therapy research: Interpretive artifact or mediating mechanism?
Bootzin, R. R., & Lick, J. R. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.47.5.852 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Gratitude
Gelenberg, A. J. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n0101 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Utilization of Medical Services and Quality of Life among Low-Income Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Attending Primary Care Clinics
Jones, G. N., Ames, S. C., Jeffries, S. K., Scarinci, I. C., & Brantley, P. J. (2001) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/2x44-cr14-yhjc-9eq3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Guided mastery treatment of agoraphobia: beyond stimulus exposure.
Sl, W. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sudden gains in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
Present, J., Crits-Christoph, P. F., Gibbons, M. B. C., Hearon, B. A., Ring‐Kurtz, S., Worley, M. J., & Gallop, R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20435 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Expectancies in therapy research: discriminating among heterogeneous nonspecifics.
Wilkins, W. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Does d-Cycloserine Augmentation of CBT Improve Therapeutic Homework Compliance for Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder?
Park, J. M., Small, B. J., GELLER, D. A., Murphy, T. K., Lewin, A. B., & Storch, E. A. (2013) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9742-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among frequent users of rural emergency medical services.
Mehl‐Madrona, L. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Treatment Outcomes, Common Factors, and Continued Neglect of Mechanisms of Change.
Kazdin, A. E. (2005) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpi023 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Two Aspects of the Simplex Model: Goodness of Fit to Linear Growth Curve Structures and the Analysis of Mean Trends
Mandys, F., Dolan, C. V., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (1994) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986019003201 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Expectancies in therapy research: Discriminating among heterogeneous nonspecifics.
Wilkins, W. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.47.5.837 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Conditioning verbal behavior of a psychiatric population in a group therapy-like situation
Dinoff, M., Horner, R. F., Kurpiewski, B. S., Rickard, H. C., & Timmons, E. O. (1960) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(196010)16:4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Two Aspects of the Simplex Model: Goodness of Fit to Linear Growth Curve Structures and the Analysis of Mean Trends
Mandys, F., Dolan, C. V., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (1994) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.2307/1165294 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Untitled work
Horvath (1990) · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Worry and generalized anxiety disorder: A review and theoretical synthesis of evidence on nature, etiology, mechanisms, and treatment
Newman, M. G., Llera, S. J., Erickson, T. M., Przeworski, A., & Castonguay, L. G. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185544 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citation
A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with integrated techniques from emotion-focused and interpersonal therapies
Newman, M. G., Castonguay, L. G., Borkovec, T. D., Fisher, A. J., Boswell, J. F., Szkodny, L. E., & Nordberg, S. S. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022489 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the K orean Version of the PEERS ® Parent‐Assisted Social Skills Training Program for Teens With ASD
Yoo, H., Bahn, G. H., Cho, I., Kim, E., Kim, J., Min, J., Lee, W., Seo, J., Jun, S., Bong, G., et al. (2014) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1354 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Clinician interventions and participant characteristics that foster adaptive patient expectations for psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic change.
Constantino, M., Ametrano, R., & Greenberg, R. (2012) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0029440 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the association between patients’ early perception of treatment credibility and their posttreatment outcomes.
Constantino, M. J., Coyne, A. E., Boswell, J. F., Iles, B. R., & Vîslă, A. (2018) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000168 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Homework Compliance Counts in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
LeBeau, R. T., Davies, C. D., Culver, N. C., & Craske, M. G. (2013) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2013.763286 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The role of treatment expectancy in youth receiving exposure-based CBT for obsessive compulsive disorder
Lewin, A. B., Peris, T. S., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J. T., & Piacentini, J. C. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.001 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
CHANGES IN SELF-EFFICACY AND OUTCOME EXPECTANCY AS PREDICTORS OF ANXIETY OUTCOMES FROM THE CALM STUDY
Brown, L. A., Wiley, J. F., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Roy‐Byrne, P., Sherbourne, C. D., Stein, M. B., Sullivan, G., Rose, R. D., Bystritsky, A., & Craske, M. G. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22256 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A test of faith in God and treatment: The relationship of belief in God to psychiatric treatment outcomes
Rosmarin, D. H., Bigda-Peyton, J. S., Kertz, S. J., Smith, N., Rauch, S. L., & Björgvinsson, Þ. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.030 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
How to Change Negative Outcome Expectations in Psychotherapy? The Role of the Therapist’s Warmth and Competence
Seewald, A., & Rief, W. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221094331 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The relation between outcome expectation, therapeutic alliance, and outcome among depressed patients in group cognitive-behavioral therapy
Vîslă, A., Constantino, M. J., Newkirk, K., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Söchting, I. (2016) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1218089 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Direct-to-consumer marketing of psychological treatments for anxiety disorders
Gallo, K. P., Comer, J. S., & Barlow, D. H. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Combined medication and cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Crits-Christoph, P. F., Newman, M. G., Rickels, K., Gallop, R., Gibbons, M. B. C., Hamilton, J. L., Ring‐Kurtz, S., & Pastva, A. M. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.007 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Clinical experiences in conducting empirically supported treatments for generalized anxiety disorder
Szkodny, L. E., Newman, M. G., & Goldfried, M. R. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.009 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Does d-Cycloserine Augmentation of CBT Improve Therapeutic Homework Compliance for Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder?
Park, J. M., Small, B. J., GELLER, D. A., Murphy, T. K., Lewin, A. B., & Storch, E. A. (2013) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9742-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The prediction of treatment outcomes by early maladaptive schemas and schema modes in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Thiel, N., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., Herbst, N., Külz, A. K., Nissen, C., Hertenstein, E., Gross, E., & Voderholzer, U. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0362-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Clinical experiences in conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy for social phobia
McAleavey, A. A., Castonguay, L. G., & Goldfried, M. R. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Comparing a trauma focused and non trauma focused intervention with war affected Congolese youth
O’Callaghan, P., McMullen, J. D., Shannon, C., & Rafferty, H. (2014) · Intervention · doi:10.1097/wtf.0000000000000054 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Can stress reduction interventions improve psoriasis? A review
Fordham, B., Griffiths, C. E. M., & Bundy, C. (2012) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2012.736625 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Psychotherapy credibility ratings: Patient predictors of credibility and the relation of credibility to therapy outcome
Mooney, T. K., Gibbons, M. B. C., Gallop, R., Mack, R. A., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (2013) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.847988 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Patient characteristics and the therapist as predictors of depressed patients’ outcome expectation over time: A multilevel analysis
Vîslă, A., Flückiger, C., Constantino, M. J., Krieger, T., & Holtforth, M. G. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2018.1428379 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The role of outcome expectancy in therapeutic change across psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for depression
Thiruchselvam, T., Dozois, D. J. A., Bagby, R. M., Lobo, D. S. S., Ravindran, L. N., & Quilty, L. C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.046 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Feasibility of a cognitive strategy training intervention for people with Parkinson’s disease
Foster, E. R., Spence, D., & Toglia, J. P. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1288275 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Exposing Worry’s Deceit: Percentage of Untrue Worries in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.07.003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
Enhancing psychotherapy process with common factors feedback: A randomized, clinical trial.
McClintock, A. S., Perlman, M. R., McCarrick, S. M., Anderson, T., & Himawan, L. K. (2017) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000188 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Therapeutic processes in digital interventions for anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analytic structural equation modeling of randomized controlled trials
Domhardt, M., Nowak, H., Engler, S., Baumel, A., Grund, S., Mayer, A., Terhorst, Y., & Baumeister, H. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102084 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Impact of Treatment Expectations on Exposure Process and Treatment Outcome in Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Wu, M. S., Caporino, N. E., Peris, T. S., Pérez, J., Thamrin, H., Albano, A. M., Kendall, P. C., Walkup, J. T., Birmaher, B. B., Compton, S. N., et al. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00574-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychotherapeutic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: cognitive and behavioral therapies, enhancement strategies, and emerging efforts
Newman, M. G., Basterfield, C., Erickson, T. M., Caulley, E., Przeworski, A., & Llera, S. J. (2022) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2022.2125800 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Lastly, mediators of CBT have included the establishment of flexible emotional responding [34] and change in expectancy/credibility [37].”
Self-citation
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Newman, M. G., Zainal, N. H., & Hoyer, J. (2020) · Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worrying · doi:10.1002/9781119189909.ch10 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Treatment expectations for cognitive-behavioral therapy and light therapy for seasonal affective disorder: Change across treatment and relation to outcome.
Meyerhoff, J., & Rohan, K. J. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000121 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Specific expectancies are associated with symptomatic outcomes and side effect burden in a trial of chamomile extract for generalized anxiety disorder
Keefe, J. R., Amsterdam, J. D., Li, Q. S., Soeller, I., DeRubeis, R. J., & Mao, J. J. J. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.029 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Therapist and treatment credibility in treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clients’ perceptions in individual and face-to-face psychotherapies
Kumpasoğlu, G. B., Campbell, C., Saunders, R., & Fonagy, P. (2024) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2023.2298000 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Perceptions of animal‐assisted interventions: The influence of attitudes toward companion animals
Crossman, M. K., & Kazdin, A. E. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22548 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Encoding strategy training and self-reported everyday prospective memory in people with Parkinson disease: a randomized-controlled trial
Goedeken, S., Potempa, C., Prager, E. M., & Foster, E. R. (2017) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2017.1387287 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The relative association between individual difference variables and general psychotherapy outcome expectation in socially anxious individuals†
Constantino, M. J., Coyne, A. E., McVicar, E. L., & Ametrano, R. M. (2017) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1138336 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Pilot Open Trial of a Text Message Safety Behavior Fading Intervention for Appearance Concerns Among Women
Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.05.010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Which client with generalized anxiety disorder benefits from a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention versus a self-monitoring app? Developing a multivariable machine learning predictive model
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102825 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
The importance of problem-focused treatments: A meta-analysis of anxiety treatments.
Yulish, N. E., Goldberg, S. B., Frost, N. D., Abbas, M., Oleen-Junk, N. A., Kring, M., Chin, M. Y., Raines, C. R., Soma, C. S., & Wampold, B. E. (2017) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000144 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Association between therapist attunement to patient outcome expectation and worry reduction in two therapies for generalized anxiety disorder.
Coyne, A. E., Constantino, M. J., Gaines, A. N., Laws, H. B., Westra, H. A., & Antony, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000457 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Can Low-Cost Strategies Improve Attendance Rates in Brief Psychological Therapy? Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Delgadillo, J., Moreea, O., Murphy, E., Ali, S., & Swift, J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22228 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Treatment expectancy for anxiety change and response to cognitive behavioral therapy for OCD
Vorstenbosch, V., & Laposa, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.02.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Supportive Accountability Inventory: Psychometric properties of a measure of supportive accountability in coached digital interventions
Meyerhoff, J., Haldar, S., & Mohr, D. C. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100399 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Baseline overly accommodating interpersonal problems in relation to parsed alliance-outcome associations in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Constantino, M. J., Castonguay, L. G., Coyne, A. E., Boswell, J. F., & Newman, M. G. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2086836 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Portuguese validation of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire in routine practice
Silva, S., Barbosa, E., Salgado, J., & Cunha, C. A. C. (2021) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2021.495 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Patients’ perceptions of treatment credibility and their relation to the outcome of group CBT for depression
Söchting, I., Tsai, M. V., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2016) · Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.12740/app/66485 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Within‐ and between‐patients associations between self‐efficacy, outcome expectation, and symptom change in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Vîslă, A., Allemand, M., & Flückiger, C. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23407 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Are treatment expectations related to reductions in craving and withdrawal symptoms following an acute bout of exercise?
Harper, T., Fitzgeorge, L., Tritter, A., & Harry Prapavessis, A. (2013) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2013.04.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“What support would you find helpful?” The relationship between treatment expectations, therapeutic engagement, and clinical outcomes in parent–infant psychotherapy
Ransley, R., Sleed, M., Baradon, T., & Fonagy, P. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21787 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Expectations in psychotherapy: An overview
Antichi, L., Cacciamani, A., Chelini, C., Morelli, M., Piacentini, S., & Pirillo, L. G. (2022) · RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA · doi:10.3280/rip2022oa13574 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Acceptability, usability, and credibility of a mindfulness-based digital therapeutic for pediatric concussion: A mixed-method study
Sicard, V., O'Kane, K. M. K., Brown, O., Butterfield, L., Kardish, R., Choi, E., Healey, K., Silverberg, N. D., Smith, A., Goldfield, G. S., et al. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241248296 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Addressing Patient Motivation, Therapeutic Alliance, and Treatment Expectancies in Interventions for Anxiety Disorders
Nadai, A. S. D., King, M. A., Karver, M. S., & Storch, E. A. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118775349.ch56 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exposure-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders: Superiority Over Relaxation-Based Comparator and Predictors of Response
Bilek, E. L., Iturra-Mena, A. M., Becker, H. C., Phan, K. L., Monk, C. S., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2025) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2025.04.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Patients’ symptoms and strengths as predictors of long-term outcomes of CBT for generalized anxiety disorder – A three-level, multi-predictor analysis
Probst, G., Vîslă, A., & Flückiger, C. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102635 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The impact of outcome expectancy on therapy outcome in adolescents with borderline personality disorder
Bäumer, A.-V., Fürer, L., Birkenberger, C., Wyssen, A., Steppan, M., Zimmermann, R., Gaab, J., Kaess, M., & Schmeck, K. (2022) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-022-00200-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
SENSE-Cog Asia: A Feasibility Study of a Hearing Intervention to Improve Outcomes in People With Dementia
Sheikh, S., Tofique, S., Zehra, N., Amjad, R., Rasheed, M., Usman, M., Lal, S., Hooper, E., Miah, J., Husain, N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.654143 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in late-life anxiety: A systematic review
Kyriacou, T., Hodges, J., & Gould, R. L. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.057 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Treatment credibility as a mechanism of change in cognitive behavioral therapy: Effects on depression and anxiety.
Wester, R. A., Schwartz, B., Lutz, W., Hall, M., Hoos, T., & Rubel, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000866 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
‘It will get even better’: preliminary findings from a trauma-focused psychotherapy effectiveness study reveal false positive patients’ long-term outcome expectations after the treatment
Kazlauskas, E., Jovarauskaitė, L., Mažulytė-Rašytinė, E., Skruibis, P., Dovydaitienė, M., Eimontas, J., & Želvienė, P. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2016.1276623 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effectiveness and predictors of group cognitive behaviour therapy outcome for generalised anxiety disorder in an out-patient hospital setting
Malivoire, B. L., Stewart, K. E., Cameron, D., Rowa, K., & McCabe, R. E. (2024) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465823000632 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Consistent with our predictions and past research (e.g. Newman and Fisher 2010; Wetherell et al ., 2005), greater GAD ( d = – 0.17) and chronic worry severity ( d = – 0.20), and greater number of co – morbid diagnoses ( d = – 0.13) were associated with greater improvements in chronic worry over the…”
Influential
Acceptability, Usability, and Credibility of a Mindfulness-Based Digital Therapeutic for Pediatric Concussion: A Mixed-Method Study (Preprint)
Sicard, V., O'Kane, K., Brown, O., Butterfield, L., Kardish, R., Choi, E., Healey, K., Silverberg, N. D., Smith, A., Goldfield, G., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.44757 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Proposed Task Force Hypnosis Efficacy Guidelines: The Role of Moderation and Mediation in Efficacy Trials
Montgomery, G. H., & Kirsch, I. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2022.2104647 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Limited Motivation, Patient-Therapist Mismatch, and the Therapeutic Alliance
Nadai, A. S. D., & Karver, M. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6458-7_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dynamic expectancies: The independent role of within-person change in outcome expectancy in predicting overall treatment outcomes in psychotherapy for depression
Rozenkrantz, L., Laskorunskyi, O., Zilcha‐Mano, S., & Dattner, I. (2025) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2025.2519574 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Investigating The Relationship Between The Dimensions Of Perfectionism And Self-Efficacy İn Undergraduate Students
Saraç, A. G. (2017) · Open Access Publishing Group - European Journal of Education Studies · doi:10.46827/ejes.v0i0.1122 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Role of Religion in Psychotic Illness in the Israeli Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Population
Serfaty, D. R., & Strous, R. D. (2020) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001264 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mechanisms and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Newman, M. G., Shin, K., & LaFreniere, L. S. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118877142.ch8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
An in-depth examination of intolerance of uncertainty and its modification in generalized anxiety disorder
Fracalanza, K. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14657616.v1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire in Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder
Katar, K. S., İspir, G. Z., & Danışman, M. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2420342 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The role of skills use, common and extratherapeutic factors in dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder
Barnicot, K. (2013) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Generalized anxiety disorder
Baik, S. Y., & Newman, M. G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00264-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Italian validation of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire in spinal pain: a useful tool for clinicians and physiotherapist (CEQ-I)
Paolucci, T., Rizzo, L. B., Patacchia, G., Sebastiani, C., Furcas, L., Capuano, F., Paoloni, M., Nicola, M. D., Pezzi, L., & Borrelli, P. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/20406223251324812 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Credibility Beliefs towards Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Exercise as Smoking Cessation Aids
Tritter, A., Fitzgeorge, L., Jesus, S. D., Harper, T., & Harry Prapavessis, A. (2014) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v6n2p11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adaptação Transcultural e Evidências de Validade do Questionário de Credibilidade/Expectativa
Silva, L. D. S., & Faro, A. (2023) · Psico-USF · doi:10.1590/1413-82712023280103 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms in the Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Hebert, E. A. (2011) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
Patient Expectations in the Treatment of Depression: The Role of Outcome Expectancy in Therapeutic Change across Psychotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy
Thiruchselvam, T. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
A Multi-Study Investigation of Patient Engagement in Psychological Treatment
Gumport, N. B. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Ask Your Doctor About Exposure Therapy!: Direct-To-Consumer Marketing Of Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments For Anxiety
Fulwiler, J. C. (2017)
Bridging the treatment gap for adolescents with depression : evaluating internet-based guided and self-guided behavioural activation
Andersson, R. (2025) · doi:10.69622/28443209.v1
The role of treatment expectations in predicting treatment outcomes: examining clinical and demographic influences
Torp, N. C., Højgaard, D. R. M. A., Aalberg, M., Hybel, K. A., Skarphéðinsson, G., Thomsen, P. H., Ivarsson, T., Weidle, B., Nissen, J. B., Melin, K., et al. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2025.2528075
Evaluating the Mediating Role of Coping Self-Efficacy in an LLM-Based Psychological Intervention for Subclinical Distress: A Mechanistic Evaluation Study (Preprint)Preprint
Lv, S., Xu, W., Hu, R., Hu, R., Wu, Y., Du, F., Du, X., Yin, J., Guo, T., Li, S., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.97868
A Social Healing Model and Its Application to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Wampold, B. E., & Wenzel, A. E. (2026) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05191-2_2
Credibility and expectancy associated with ultra‐brief and standard‐length digital treatments: A preliminary examination of impact on treatment outcome
Seshadri, M., Dear, B. F., & Bisby, M. A. (2026) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.70069

The role of outcome expectancy and credibility beliefs in the outcome of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Austermann, M. I. (2018)
Within‐ and between‐patients associations between self‐efficacy, outcome expectation, and symptom change in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Vîslă, A., Allemand, M., & Flückiger, C. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23407 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Treatment credibility as a mechanism of change in cognitive behavioral therapy: Effects on depression and anxiety.
Wester, R. A., Schwartz, B., Lutz, W., Hall, M., Hoos, T., & Rubel, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000866 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Expectancy, homework compliance, and initial change in cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety.
Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Marcus, M. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.3.363 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Predictors of change in patient treatment outcome expectation during cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder.
Vîslă, A., Constantino, M. J., & Flückiger, C. (2021) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000371 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Authors: Newman, M. G., & Fisher, A. J.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Newman, Michelle G.
Fisher, Aaron J.
Venue: International Journal of Cognitive Therapy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 245-261
ISSN: 1937-1209 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2010.3.3.245
PMC: PMC2995495
OpenAlex: W2124842786
Cited by: 83
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 7.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: International Journal of Cognitive Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH039172)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: generalized anxiety disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment expectancy, treatment credibility, mechanism of action, reliable change, pretreatment severity, mediation, latent growth curve models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Expectancy/Credibility Change as a Mediator of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Mechanism of Action or Proxy for Symptom Change?

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks