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Cited by 7Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Patients’ symptoms and strengths as predictors of long-term outcomes of CBT for generalized anxiety disorder – A three-level, multi-predictor analysis

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Probst, Greta, Vîslă, Andreea, Flückiger, Christoph·2022·Journal of Anxiety Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102635
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Abstract

Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), GAD often shows a chronic clinical course and common deterioration after treatment. Many trials have examined the efficacy of treatments in GAD, but little is known about intake predictors of long-term treatment outcomes. This study examined potential predictors of long-term treatment outcomes based on the individual's symptom severity and strengths (behavioral, cognitive, interpersonal) at intake. Long-term outcomes were defined as worry at six-month follow-up (six-m FU) and worry decrease from intake and post-treatment to six-m FU. Data from 137 CBT outpatients with a GAD diagnosis from two randomized clinical trials were analyzed using three-level hierarchical linear modeling. Results revealed that worrying decreased up to the six-m FU. In single-predictor models, intake symptom severity and strength measures predicted worry at the six-m FU. In multi-predictor models, only behavioral strengths remained a significant predictor. Worry decrease from intake to the six-m FU was only predicted by behavioral strengths. These findings provide relevant information about intake predictors of long-term outcomes after CBT for GAD and underscore the potential relevance of assessing patients' strengths for clinical practice.

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  • Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have described initial symptom severity, personality characteristics, heredity, childhood stressful events, neurophysiological markers, and genetic determinants as possible predictors of psychotherapy outcome in anxiety and depressive disorders.

    “В метаанализах и систематических обзорах в качестве возможных предикторов исхода психотерапии тревожных и депрессивных расстройств описаны изначальная тяжесть клинических симптомов [7-9], личностные характеристики пациентов [10], насле дственность [8], стрессовые события в детстве [9], нейрофизиологические маркеры [9, 11], генетические детерминанты [9].”

    From Positive-Dialogue Psychotherapy Outcome Predictors in Patients with General Anxiety Disorder and Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Introduction identifies initial symptom severity as a possible predictor of CBT outcomes for generalized anxiety disorder, while noting conflicting evidence. This source is an empirical study, not a meta-analysis or systematic review, so it does not support the sentence’s characterization of the cited works as reviews. The other predictor categories in the sentence have separate citations and are not judged against this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Flückiger, C., Munder, T., Del, Re, A. C., & Solomonov, N. (2023). Strength-based methods -A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. In C. Hill, & J. C. Norcross (Eds.), Psychotherapy methods and skills that work. Oxford University Press.
  2. Klaghofer, R., & Brähler, E. (2001). Konstruktion und Teststatistische Prüfung einer Kurzform der SCL-90-R [Construction and test statistical evaluation of a short version of the SCL-90-R]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 49(2), 115-124.
  3. Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). NFER-NELSON.
  4. Trösken, A. K. (2002). Das Berner Ressoureninventar: Ressourcenpotentiale und Ressourcenrealisierung aus konsistenztheoretischer Sicht [The assessment of patient resources with self-ratings and ratings by others] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universität Bern, Bern.

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Authors
Probst, G., Vîslă, A., & Flückiger, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Kassel (DE)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Probst, Greta
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-12
Volume
92
Pages
102635
ISSN
0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102635
OpenAlex
W4297180957
Cited by
6
References
88
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PP00P1_163702, PP00P1_190083, PZ00P1_136937/1)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
generalized anxiety disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, long-term treatment outcomes, predictors of treatment outcome, symptom severity, cognitive strengths, interpersonal strengths, worry, treatment deterioration, outpatients
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Outpatients, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome

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