GluA2-containing AMPA receptors distinguish ribbon-associated from Ribbonless afferent contacts on rat Cochlear hair cells
Open accessAbstract
Mechanosensory hair cells release glutamate at ribbon synapses to excite postsynaptic afferent neurons, via AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs). However, type II afferent neurons contacting outer hair cells in the mammalian cochlea were thought to differ in this respect, failing to show GluA immunolabeling and with many "ribbonless" afferent contacts. Here it is shown that antibodies to the AMPAR subunit GluA2 labeled afferent contacts below inner and outer hair cells in the rat cochlea, and that synaptic currents in type II afferents had AMPAR-specific pharmacology. Only half the postsynaptic densities of type II afferents that labeled for PSD-95, Shank, or Homer were associated with GluA2 immunopuncta or presynaptic ribbons, the "empty slots" corresponding to ribbonless contacts described previously. These results extend the universality of AMPAergic transmission by hair cells, and support the existence of silent afferent contacts.
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Type II cochlear afferents have small caliber, unmyelinated processes that extend hundreds of microns toward the cochlear base, contacting dozens of outer hair cells enroute.
“Type II cochlear afferents have small caliber, unmyelinated processes that extend hundreds of microns toward the cochlear base, contacting dozens of outer hair cells enroute (27–29).”
From Damage-evoked signals in cochlear neurons and supporting cells (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
The Results section (“Type II fibers form a stereotyped pattern of OHC innervation”; page unavailable) reports processes extending toward the cochlear base for hundreds of micrometers and contacting an average of 23.7 outer hair cells. The Significance Statement says type II afferents differ from type I in caliber and myelination, but our copy does not specify there that the processes are small-caliber and unmyelinated. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRibbons of the OHCs increase in number and size after acoustic trauma, potentially providing stronger synaptic excitation to rouse previously silent type II contacts.
“Presynaptically, ribbons of the OHCs increase in number and size after acoustic trauma (53), potentially providing stronger synaptic excitation to rouse previously silent type II contacts (27).”
From Damage-evoked signals in cochlear neurons and supporting cells (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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Francis, H. W., & Nadol, J. B. (1993) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/0378-5955(93)90004-k · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Membrane Properties of Type II Spiral Ganglion Neurones Identified in a Neonatal Rat Cochlear Slice
Jagger, D. J. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.052589 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bobbin, R. P., Ceasar, G., & Fallon, M. (1991) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/0378-5955(91)90143-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Pharmacology of Peripheral Auditory Processes; Cochlear Pharmacology
Guth, P. S., & Bobbin, R. P. (1971) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60445-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Wu, J. S., Vyas, P., Glowatzki, E., & Fuchs, P. A. (2018) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24341 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationVyas, P., Wu, J. S., Jimenez, A., Glowatzki, E., & Fuchs, P. A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41770-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationAcoustic trauma increases ribbon number and size in outer hair cells of the mouse cochlea
Wood, M. B., Nowak, N., Mull, K., Goldring, A., Lehar, M., & Fuchs, P. A. (2021) · Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1007/s10162-020-00777-w · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPrior acoustic trauma alters type II afferent activity in the mouse cochlea
Nowak, N., Wood, M. B., Glowatzki, E., & Fuchs, P. A. (2021) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0383-21.2021 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDamage-evoked signals in cochlear neurons and supporting cells
Wood, M. B., Nowak, N., & Fuchs, P. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1361747 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Martinez-Monedero, R., Liu, C., Weisz, C., Vyas, P., Fuchs, P. A., & Glowatzki, E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fuchs, Paul Albert
- Glowatzki, Elisabeth
- Venue
- eNeuro
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- ENEURO.0078-16.2016
- ISSN
- 2373-2822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4874539
- OpenAlex
- W2346281242
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- eNeuro (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC006476, R01DC011741, T32DC000023, F31DC010948, P30DC005211)
- NINDS (NS050274)
- the John Mitchell Junior Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- GluA2, AMPA receptors, ribbon synapses, cochlear hair cells, glutamate release, synaptic transmission, postsynaptic density, silent synapses, cochlear synapses
- MeSH terms
- Homer Scaffolding Proteins, Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein, Animals, Calcium, Cochlea, Enzyme Inhibitors, Eye Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Net, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Quinazolines, Synapses, Triazoles, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Presynaptic Terminals, Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer, Receptors, AMPA, Excitatory Amino Acid Agents, Glutamic Acid, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Rats, Biophysical Phenomena, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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