Visuotopic organization and extent of V3 and V4 of the macaque
Open accessAbstract
The representation of the visual field in areas V3 and V4 of the macaque was mapped with multiunit electrodes. Twelve Macaca fascicularis were studied in repeated recording sessions while immobilized and anesthetized. V3 is a narrow strip (4–5 mm wide) of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex located immediately anterior to V2. It contains a systematic representation of the central 35–40 degrees of the contralateral visual field; the representation of the upper quadrant is located ventrally in the hemisphere and that of the lower quadrant, dorsally. There is a small gap between the dorsal (V3d) and ventral (V3v) portions of V3. The representation of the horizontal meridian is adjacent to that in V2 and forms the posterior border of both V3d and V3v. Most or all of the anterior border of V3d consists of the representation of the lower vertical meridian. The entire anterior border of V3v consists of the representation of the upper vertical meridian. V4 is a strip of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex 5–8 mm wide, immediately anterior to V3. It contains a coarse, but systematic, representation of approximately the central 35–40 degrees of the contralateral visual field. The representation of the upper visual field is located ventrally in the hemisphere. Most of the representation of the lower visual field is located dorsally. The posterior border of V4 corresponds to the representation of the vertical meridian, and the representation of the horizontal meridian is located at or near its anterior border. In both V3 and V4, the representation of the central visual field is magnified relative to that of the periphery. In both areas, the size of receptive fields increases with increasing eccentricity; however, at a given eccentricity, the receptive fields of V4 are larger than those of V3.
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Particle filtering has been used for tracking moving objects in the presence of clutter and irregular motion, situations in which all other techniques have failed.
“The latter has been used for tracking moving objects in the presence of clutter and irregular motion (situations in which all other techniques have failed). 23,24”
From Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex (2003) · cites this paper as [23]
The Visual topography and Discussion passages concern receptive fields and the cortical organization of macaque V3 and V4; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. Searches for particle filtering and for tracking moving objects amid clutter and irregular motion found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe particle-filtering technique has produced the most successful computer vision programs to date for tracking moving objects in the presence of clutter and irregular motion.
“The particle-filtering technique has produced the most successful computer vision programs to date for tracking moving objects in the presence of clutter and irregular motion. 23,24”
From Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex (2003) · cites this paper as [23]
The Visual topography and Discussion passages address receptive fields and the organization of macaque visual areas V3 and V4, not computer-vision programs. Searches for particle filtering and for computer-vision object tracking found no passage about performance in clutter or irregular motion; the copy does not address the attributed claim. No page numbers were provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe authors suggest that these ideas could be formulated as a hierarchical Bayesian system and that Bayesian belief propagation and particle filtering are relevant to understanding interactive computations in the visual cortex.
“Here we suggest that these ideas could be formulated in the form of a hierarchical Bayesian system and that ideas from Bayesian belief propagation 19 and particle filtering 21,23,25 are relevant to understanding these interactive computations in the visual cortex.”
From Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex (2003) · cites this paper as [23]
The paper’s Discussion addresses the visual topography of macaque areas V3 and V4, not Bayesian models of cortical computation. Searches for “hierarchical Bayesian system,” “belief propagation,” “particle filtering,” and related terms found no passage in our copy addressing the attributed proposal. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Gattass, R., Sousa, A., & Gross, C.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- ORCID
- Gattass, R
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1988-06-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1831-1845
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6569322
- OpenAlex
- W2162152644
- Cited by
- 676
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (F05W02858, F05W02855)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-19420)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- visual cortex, area V4, macaque, visual field representation, receptive field size, eccentricity, myeloarchitecture, multi-unit recording
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Macaca, Macaca fascicularis, Myelin Sheath, Neurons, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields
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