Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain
Abstract
The traditional approach to studying brain function is to measure physiological responses to controlled sensory, motor and cognitive paradigms. However, most of the brain's energy consumption is devoted to ongoing metabolic activity not clearly associated with any particular stimulus or behaviour. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in humans aimed at understanding this ongoing activity have shown that spontaneous fluctuations of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal occur continuously in the resting state. In humans, these fluctuations are temporally coherent within widely distributed cortical systems that recapitulate the functional architecture of responses evoked by experimentally administered tasks. Here, we show that the same phenomenon is present in anaesthetized monkeys even at anaesthetic levels known to induce profound loss of consciousness. We specifically demonstrate coherent spontaneous fluctuations within three well known systems (oculomotor, somatomotor and visual) and the 'default' system, a set of brain regions thought by some to support uniquely human capabilities. Our results indicate that coherent system fluctuations probably reflect an evolutionarily conserved aspect of brain functional organization that transcends levels of consciousness.
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Functional architecture for sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks in humans is preserved during isoflurane anesthesia in nonhuman primates.
“Functional architecture associated with sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks in humans are preserved during isoflurane anesthesia in nonhuman primates [149].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [149]
Robust functional connectivity exists between brain regions that lack direct structural connections.
“there is ample evidence of robust functional connectivity between brain regions that lack direct structural connections28-29, 31.”
From Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early-life anxiety (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
fMRI measures of intrinsic functional connectivity are sensitive to functional networks that span polysynaptic circuits.
“fMRI-derived measures of intrinsic functional connectivity are particularly useful because they are sensitive to functional networks spanning polysynaptic circuits27-29”
From Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early-life anxiety (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
Reporting all injection sites by their stereotaxic coordinates in F99 atlas space provides finer granularity for objectively comparing connectivity data to alternative parcellation schemes and to other data modalities.
“In addition, we report all injection sites by their stereotaxic coordinates in the F99 atlas space. This provides an even finer granularity for objectively comparing our connectivity data to alternative parcellation schemes and to other data modalities such as functional connectivity revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Vincent et al. 2007) and structural connectivity revealed”
From A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity Matrix for Macaque Cerebral Cortex (2014) · cites this paper as Vincent et al. 2007
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Vincent, J. L., Patel, G. H., Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Baker, J. T., Van Essen, D. C., Zempel, J. M., Snyder, L. H., Corbetta, M., & Raichle, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raichle, M. E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 447
- Issue
- 7140
- Pages
- 83-86
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2027781650
- Cited by
- 1,786
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 132 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 150 · 2012: 120
- FWCI
- 51.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F31NS051972)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- spontaneous neural fluctuations, resting-state brain activity, default mode network, oculomotor system, visual system, functional architecture, primate brain evolution, cross-species conservation, BOLD signal
- MeSH terms
- Anesthesia, Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Consciousness, Humans, Isoflurane, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Visual Cortex, Anesthetics, Inhalation
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