The modular organization of projections from areas V1 and V2 to areas V4 and TEO in macaques
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In addition to the major anatomical pathways from V1 into the temporal lobe, there are other smaller, “bypass” routes that are poorly understood. To investigate the direct projection from V1 to V4 (bypassing V2) and from V2 to TEO (bypassing V4), we injected the foveal and parafoveal representations of V4 and TEO with different retrograde tracers in five hemispheres of four macaques and analyzed the distributions of labeled neurons in V1 and V2 using flattened preparations of the cortex. In V1, labeled neurons were seen after injections in V4 but not TEO. The V4-projecting neurons were located in the foveal representation of V1, in both cytochrome oxidase (CO)-rich blobs and CO-poor interblob regions. In V2, TEO-projecting neurons were intermingled with V4-projecting neurons, although the former were far sparser than the latter. Across the cases, 6–19% of the TEO-projecting neurons were double labeled, that is, also projected to area V4. Both V4- and TEO-projecting neurons formed bands that ran orthogonal to the V1/V2 border, and both were located in CO-rich thin stripes and CO-poor interstripe regions. In some cases, a continuous band of V4-projecting neurons was also found along the V1/V2 border in the foveal representation of V2. The results indicate that the pathways from V1 to V4 and from V2 to TEO involve anatomical subcompartments thought to be concerned with both color and form. These “bypass” routes may allow coarse information about color and form to arrive rapidly in the temporal lobe. The bypass route from V2 to TEO might explain the partial sparing of color and form vision that is seen after lesions of V4. By analogy, given the bypass route from the foveal representation of V1 to V4, lesions of V2 affecting the foveal visual field would also be insufficient to block color and form vision.
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The model accounts for the bypass routes from V2 to the posterior inferotemporal cortex and from V4 to the anterior inferotemporal cortex, unlike the original model.
“In addition to the main routes through the V4 to the IT cortex (4), the model also accounts for the bypass routes (38) from V2 to the posterior inferotemporal cortex and from V4 to the anterior inferotemporal cortex (Fig. 1) [unlike the original model (5)].”
From A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization (2007) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Others have found ubparcellations in the patterns of cytochrome oxidase taining in macaque as well as in human brains (DeYoe nd v.Essen, 1985; Livingstone and Hubel, 1987; Kruitzer and Kaas, 1990; Hockfield et al., 1990; Peterhans nd von der Heydt, 1993; Wong-Riley et al., 1993; akamura et al., 1993; Tootell et al., 1…”
BackgroundNetwork analysis of cortical visual pathways mapped with PET
McIntosh, A. R., Grady, C., Ungerleider, L. G., Haxby, J., Rapoport, S. I., & Horwitz, B. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-02-00655.1994 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
“We were unable to find evidence in the literature for a strong direct anatomical connection from area 46 to area 19, although there are numerous indirect routes that could mediate this connection (e.g., thalamus or limbic cortices, Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; area 8, Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe architecture of the colour centre in the human visual brain: new results and a review *
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00905.x · Cited by 454 · see citing works
The timing of information transfer in the visual system
Nowak, L. G., & Bullier, J. (1997) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_5 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
Roe, A. W., Chelazzi, L., Connor, C. E., Conway, B. R., Fujita, I., Gallant, J. L., Lu, H. D., & Vanduffel, W. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.011 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Anllo‐Vento, L., & Hillyard, S. A. (1996) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03211875 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Cortical connections of inferior temporal area TEO in macaque monkeys
Distler, C., Boussaoud, D., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903340111 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Self-citationBarone, P., Batardiere, A., Knoblauch, K., & Kennedy, H. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-09-03263.2000 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“…et al., 1990; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Morel and Bullier, 1990; Baizer et al., 1991; Colby and Duhamel, 1991; Webster et al., 1991, 1994; Sousa et al., 1991; Distler et al., 1993; Nakamura et al., 1993; Barone et al., 1995; Barbas and RempelClower, 1997; Felleman et al., 1997; Gattass et al., 1997).”
BackgroundCortical Connections of Area V4 in the Macaque
Ungerleider, L. G., Galkin, T. W., Desimone, R., & Gattass, R. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm061 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citationThe logic of single-cell projections from visual cortex
Han, Y., Kebschull, J. M., Campbell, R. A. A., Cowan, D., Imhof, F., Zador, A. M., & Mrsic‐Flogel, T. D. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature26159 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Three cortical stages of colour processing in the human brain
Zeki, S. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.9.1669 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
“Comparison of the wavelength composition of the light reflected from one surface with that reflected from surrounding surfaces The second stage is largely centred around V4, which receives input from the thin stripes and interstripes of V2 (Zeki and Shipp, 1989) and from foveal V1 (Zeki, 1978; Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundVisual topography in primate V2: multiple representation across functional stripes
Roe, A. W., & Ts'o, D. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03689.1995 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Toward a theory of visual consciousness.
Zeki, S., & Bartels, A. (1999) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0390 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
“And it is interesting to note in this context that cells such as the one described above, located in the interblobs of V1, project to V4, either directly or through the thin stripes of V2 (Livingstone & Hubel, 1984b; Zeki & Shipp, 1989; Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundIntermodal Selective Attention in Monkeys. I: Distribution and Timing of Effects across Visual Areas
Mehta, A. D. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.4.343 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Hof, P. R., & Morrison, J. H. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903520202 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Serre, T., Kouh, M., Cadieu, C. F., Knoblich, U., Kreiman, G., & Poggio, T. (2005) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Hof, P. R., Vogt, B. A., Bouras, C., & Morrison, J. H. (1997) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00240-4 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Contrast Sensitivity in Human Visual Areas and Its Relationship to Object Recognition
Avidan, G., Harel, M., Hendler, T., Bashat, D. B., Zohary, E., & Malach, R. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.6.3102 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
“Thus it is plausible that visual areas within the inferotemporal cortex, which receive major ascending inputs from area V4, (Nakamura et al. 1993) would also have mixed magnocellular and parvocellular contributions.”
BackgroundA Model of V4 Shape Selectivity and Invariance
Cadieu, C. F., Kouh, M., Pasupathy, A., Connor, C. E., Riesenhuber, M., & Poggio, T. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01265.2006 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
“Connections from V1 to V4 that skip V2, known as bypass connections, represent a small but significant input to V4 (Nakamura et al. 1993).”
A Disynaptic Relay from Superior Colliculus to Dorsal Stream Visual Cortex in Macaque Monkey
Lyon, D. C., Nassi, J. J., & Callaway, E. M. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.003 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
A quantitative theory of immediate visual recognition
Serre, T., Kreiman, G., Kouh, M., Cadieu, C. F., Knoblich, U., & Poggio, T. (2007) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)65004-8 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“The main route from the feedforward ventral pathway is denoted with black arrows while the bypass route (Nakamura et al., 1993) is denoted with green arrows.”
BackgroundLocalization and Globalization in Conscious Vision
Zeki, S. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.57 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“The V4 complex is a pivotal center in the color system and receives input from V1 and V2 (Zeki & Shipp 1989, DeYoe & van Essen 1988, Nakamura et al 1993).”
BackgroundSaleem, K. S., & Tanaka, K. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-15-04757.1996 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
“Second, the densest distribution within the middle layers tended to be limited to layer IV in most of the projection foci in the TEO-to-TE projection, whereas the densest distribution covered layer III to the upper part of layer V in the TE-to-area 36 projection.”
BackgroundInfluentialRoland, P. E., & Zilles, K. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00058-1 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
ADVANCES IN CYTOARCHITECTONIC MAPPING OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX
Amunts, K., & Zilles, K. (2001) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1052-5149(25)00698-7 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Loss of attentional stimulus selection after extrastriate cortical lesions in macaques
Weerd, P. D., Peralta, M. R., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/11234 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationCortical projections of area V2 in the macaque
Gattas, R. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.2.110 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Hilgetag, C., O'Neill, M. A., & Young, M. P. (2000) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0550 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Niebur, E., & Christof Koch, A. (1994) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf00962722 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Meskenaïte, V. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970303)379:1 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Klink, P. C., Dagnino, B., Gariel-Mathis, M.-A., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.033 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“In the V4 stimulation experiments, antidromic stimulation of V1 terminals is unlikely given the relatively weak direct projection from V1 to V4 (Markov et al., 2011; Nakamura et al., 1993; Zeki, 1978).”
BackgroundGattass, R., Nascimento‐Silva, S., Soares, J. G. M., Lima, B., Jansen, A. K., DIOGO, A. C. M., Farias, M. F., Marcondes, E. P. B. M., Mariani, O. S. C., Azzi, J. C. B., et al. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1629 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“…and to V1, confirming previous anatomical findings (Zeki 1971; Rockland & Pandya 1981;Maunsell & Van Essen 1983; Festemaker et al. 1984; Kennedy & Bullier 1985; Burkhalter et al. 1986; Ungerleider & Desimone 1986b; Shipp & Zeki 1989; Boussaoud et al. 1991; Sousa et al. 1991; Nakamura et al. 1993).”
InfluentialSelf-citationDivergent feedback connections from areas V4 and TEO in the macaque
Rockland, K. S., Saleem, K. S., & Tanaka, K. (1994) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800002480 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Sehatpour, P., Molholm, S., Javitt, D. C., & Foxe, J. J. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.049 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Rossion, B., Dricot, L., Goebel, R., & Busigny, T. (2011) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00225 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“This view is in agreement with the evidence of direct projections from V1 to V4 and from V2 to the posterior part of the infero-temporal cortex in the monkey brain (TEO; Nakamura et al., 1993).”
ResultComparison of Spatial Summation Properties of Neurons in Macaque V1 and V2
Shushruth, S., Ichida, J. M., Levitt, J. B., & Angelucci, A. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00512.2009 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“…and Horton 2002; Xiao and Felleman 2004; F Federer, JM Ichida, J Jeffs, I Schiessl, N McLoughlin, and A Angelucci, unpublished data) and send segregated outputs to extrastriate cortex (DeYoe and Van Essen 1985; DeYoe et al. 1994; Felleman et al. 1997; Nakamura et al. 1993; Shipp and Zeki 1985).”
Projection from Visual Areas V2 and Prostriata to Caudal Auditory Cortex in the Monkey
Falchier, A., Schroeder, C. E., Hackett, T. A., Lakatos, P., Nascimento‐Silva, S., Ulbert, I., Karmos, G., & Smiley, J. F. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp213 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Garagnani, M., & Friedemann Pulvermüller, A. (2015) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13145 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Furthermore, two separate three-way ANOVAs were run on the data from the six extrasylvian and six perisylvian areas (factors ‘FrontoTemp’, ‘ModSpecificity’ and ‘WordType’, as above).”
MethodForm Processing Modules in Primate Area V4
Ghose, G. M., & Ts’o, D. Y. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2191 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“…was true for all the images examined.the only region of V4 that receives direct input from V1 Because V2 and foveal V4 display organization for both(Nakamura et al. 1993; Yukie and Iwai 1985) and, unlike the surround suppression and orientation, one natural issue isregions of V4 that represent…”
Neural dynamics of 3-D surface perception: Figure-ground separation and lightness perception
Kelly, F., & Grossberg, S. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212158 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Nakamura, Gattass, Desimone and Ungerleider (1993) have found evidence for “by-pass” routes from V1 to V4, and from V2 to TEO, consistent with the proposal that amodal surface representations created by early stages of visual processing can be routed directly to object recognition centers and also to higher visual are…”
Felleman, D. J., Xiao, Y., & McClendon, E. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-09-03185.1997 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“, 1994), it has not yet been possible to determine whether local foci in TEO (or V4) receive input from V2 thin stripe or interstripe compartments (Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundEquivalent Representation of Real and Illusory Contours in Macaque V4
Pan, Y., Chen, M., Yin, J., An, X., Zhang, X., Lu, Y., Gong, H., Li, W., & Wang, W. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6140-11.2012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“The cortical locus (prelunate gyrus) located between LS and STS and 35 mm lateral from the midline was selected as a representative area of V4 in macaques for both optical imaging and single-cell recordings (Shipp and Zeki, 1985; Desimone and Schein, 1987; Gattass et al., 1988; Schiller and Lee, 1991; Gallant et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZeki, S., & Lamb, M. (1994) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/117.3.607 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“The output from them is channelled to area V4 through layers 2 and 3 of V1, both directly and through another subcompartment of area V2 (Zeki and Shipp, 1989; Nakamura et al., 1993) (Fig.”
BackgroundSpatial and temporal expression of short, long/medium, or both opsins in human fetal cones
Xiao, M., & Hendrickson, A. E. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20001002)425:4 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The theory of multistage integration in the visual brain
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (1998) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0579 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“…beyond V1 and V2 receive input from different and specialised compartments of V1, either directly or through specialised compartments of V2, as well as from other sites (see below) (Livingstone and Hubel 1984, Shipp and Zeki 1989a, Shipp and Zeki 1989b, Zeki and Shipp 1989, Nakamura et al. 1993).”
Lower-Level Stimulus Features Strongly Influence Responses in the Fusiform Face Area
Yue, X., Cassidy, B. S., Devaney, K. J., Holt, D. J., & Tootell, R. B. H. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq050 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Cusick, C. G., Seltzer, B., Cola, M. G., & Griggs, E. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903600312 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The neurological basis of conscious color perception in a blind patient
Zeki, S., Aglioti, S. M., McKeefry, D. J., & Berlucchi, G. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.14124 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The functional organization of area V2, I: Specialization across stripes and layers
Shipp, S. D., & Zeki, S. (2002) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523802191164 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“There is no obvious alternation in the density of connections between interstripes and area V4 (Zeki & Shipp, 1989b; Nakamura et al., 1993; DeYoe et al., 1994; Munk et al., 1995; Felleman et al., 1997), and neither does any interstripe connect to V5 (unlike thick stripes) (Shipp & Zeki, 1989 b).”
BackgroundInfluentialCue-dependent deficits in grating orientation discrimination after V4 lesions in macaques
Weerd, P. D., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1996) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800008208 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationMulti-scale account of the network structure of macaque visual cortex
Schmidt, M., Bakker, R., Hilgetag, C. C., Diesmann, M., & van Albada, S. J. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1554-4 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“The projections revealed by these axonal tracing data are complex and not strictly sequential, including bypass connections such as those from V1 to V4 bypassing V2 (Nakamura et al. 1993).”
BackgroundRepresentation of Visual Features of Objects in the Inferotemporal Cortex
Tanaka, K. (1996) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(96)00045-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus
Morel, A., Magnin, M., & Jeanmonod, D. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971103)387:4 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Motter, B. C. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4496-08.2009 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“This area receives projections from V2 and is consistent with that portion of dorsal V4 termed the caudal dorsolateral visual complex (Shipp and Zeki, 1985; Nakamura et al., 1993; Stepniewska et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodA neural model of surface perception: Lightness, anchoring, and filling-in
Grossberg, S., & Hong, S. (2006) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856806776923399 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sincich, L. C., & Horton, J. C. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-13-05684.2003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“This projection arises from V1 neurons in layer 2–3 (Yukie and Iwai, 1985; Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundPoggio, T., & Serre, T. (2006) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
What do we know about laminar connectivity?
Rockland, K. S. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.032 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Beyond the feedforward sweep: feedback computations in the visual cortex
Kreiman, G., & Serre, T. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14320 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“1 A related way to achieve flexibility is through bypass routes [40], which allow the architecture to skip some of the processing stages [19], and which may help alleviate the issue of a fixed architecture to some extent (at the expense of adding and training yet more connections).”
BackgroundRapid categorization of achromatic natural scenes: how robust at very low contrasts?
Macé, M. J. ‐., Thorpe, S. J., & Fabre‐Thorpe, M. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04029.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“However, as magnocellular projections might account for as much as half of the information in the ventral pathway (Ferrera et al., 1992; Nealey & Maunsell, 1994), such interactions could also take place within the ventral stream itself (Sherman, 1985; Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundObject vision and visual awareness
Logethetis, N. (1998) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80043-3 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in macaque monkey visual cortex.
Shipp, S. D., & Zeki, S. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Convergence and branching patterns of round, type 2 corticopulvinar axons
Rockland, K. S. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980126)390:4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Visual Functions of Primate Area V4
Pasupathy, A., Popovkina, D. V., & Kim, T. (2020) · Annual Review of Vision Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-030320-041306 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“While much of peripheral V4 receives feedforward projections primarily from V2, central representations receive projections from V1 that bypass V2 (Nakamura et al. 1993).”
BackgroundHow deep is the brain? The shallow brain hypothesis
Suzuki, M., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Aru, J. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00756-z · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Electrophysiological evidence supported this view 35–37 , such as the presence of larger receptive fields and longer onset latencies in higher compared with intermediate or lower cortical areas.”
BackgroundShipp, S. D. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1363 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Charts from V2 are more comparable, in that all three areas connect to V2, whereas the connections of V4 with V1 are limited to the foveal region (Cragg, 1969; Zeki, 1969; Yukie and Iwai, 1985; Nakamura et al., 1993).”
BackgroundNapieralski, J. A., Butler, A., & Chesselet, M. ‐. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960930)373:4 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The functional neuroanatomy of face perception: from brain measurements to deep neural networks
Kalanit Grill-spector, A., Weiner, K. S., Gomez, J., Anthony Stigliani, A., & Natu, V. S. (2018) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2018.0013 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Zeki, S., & Bartels, A. (1999) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1999.0485 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“The reciprocal connections between these areas (Zeki and Shipp 1989, Nakamura et al. 1993, Rockland et al. 1994) make it equally likely that the operation is a cooperative one involving all these areas; this is especially so since, in monkey, the wavelength selective cells of V1 are indifferent to…”
BackgroundRosa, M. G. P., Palmer, S., Gamberini, M., Tweedale, R., Piñon, M. C., & Bourne, J. A. (2005) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20412 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“In addition, this pattern is distinct from the ones observed after injections centered in V2 (Lund et al., 1975; Wong-Riley, 1978; Rockland and Pandya, 1979), V4 (Nakamura et al., 1993), and MT (Shipp and Zeki, 1989; Vogt-Weisenhorn et al., 1995).”
Inferior Parietal Lobule Projections to Anterior Inferotemporal Cortex (Area TE) in Macaque Monkey
Zhong, Y. (2003) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/13.5.527 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Friedemann Pulvermüller, A., & Garagnani, M. (2014) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.015 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“1, Discussion) and in previous publications (Garagnani et al., 2008, 2009; Garagnani & Pulvermüller, 2011; Garagnani & Pulvermüller, 2013).”
Ferro, D., van Kempen, J., Boyd, M., Panzeri, S., & Thiele, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2022097118 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Direct projections from V1 to V4 are largely restricted to the central 6° of the visual field (64, 65).”
BackgroundCowell, R. A., Bussey, T. J., & Saksida, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21373 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“In addition, there is evidence that “jumping” connections in the VVS are also abundant, for example, between area V1 and V3, bypassing area V2 (Lennie, 1998), from V2 to TEo ( Nakamura, Gattass, Desimone, & Ungerleider, 1993 ), and from V4 to posterior TE (Saleem, Tanaka, & Rockland, 1992).”
BackgroundStepniewska, I., Collins, C. E., & Kaas, J. H. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh182 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“As central V4 has been described as having inputs from central V1 (Zeki, 1978; Nakamura et al., 1993), it was not surprising to find a few labeled neurons in V1 corresponding to central vision of the lower quadrant near the representation of the vertical meridian.”
InfluentialArea V4 in Cebus monkey: extent and visuotopic organization
Piñon, M. C. (1998) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/8.8.685 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“…in Cebus, based on anatomical connections (Piñon et al., 1990; Sousa et al., 1991) and are also comparable with those of area V4 defined in Macaca based on electrophysiology (Gattass et al., 1988a) as well as on anatomical connections with area V2 (Nakamura et al., 1993; Gattass et al. , Figure 11.”
BackgroundResultALBERT-LUDWIGS-UNIVERSIT ¨ AT FREIBURG
Systeme, A. A. I., Burgard, W., & Domínguez, R. S. (2006) · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Architecture, Connectivity, and Transmitter Receptors of Human Extrastriate Visual Cortex
Zilles, K., & Clarke, S. (1997) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_15 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Elements of Cortical Architecture
Rockland, K. S. (1997) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Visual latencies in cytochrome oxidase bands of macaque area V2.
Munk, M. H. J., Nowak, L. G., Girard, P., Chounlamountri, N., & Bullier, J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.4.988 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Nimchinsky, E. A., Hof, P. R., Young, W. G., & Morrison, J. H. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19961007)374:1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Temporal Limitations in Object Processing Across the Human Ventral Visual Pathway
McKeeff, T. J., Remus, D. A., & Tong, F. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00568.2006 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Maniglia, M., Pavan, A., Cuturi, L. F., Campana, G., Sato, G., & Casco, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025568 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Cell recordings pointed out the existence of direct projections from V1 to V4 bypassing V2 [44].”
BackgroundNeural mechanisms of cortico–cortical interaction in texture boundary detection: a modeling approach
Thielscher, A., & Heiko Neumann, B. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.050 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Third, weak direct bi-directional connections between V1 and V4 have been regularly reported (Felleman and van Essen, 1991; Nakamura et al., 1993; Rockland et al., 1994; Zilles and Clarke, 1997).”
BackgroundThe Role of Visual Area V4 in the Discrimination of Partially Occluded Shapes
Kosai, Y., El-Shamayleh, Y., Fyall, A. M., & Pasupathy, A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1375-14.2014 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Arcaro, M. J., Honey, C. J., Mruczek, R. E. B., Kästner, S., & Hasson, U. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03952 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…a broader-scale anatomical organization of direct (and indirect) connections, facilitated via differences in intra-areal projections between cortical sites representing central and peripheral space (Colby et al., 1988; Nakamura et al., 1993; Gattass et al., 2005; Ungerleider et al., 2008, 2014).”
BackgroundArcaro, M. J., & Kästner, S. (2015) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523815000115 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“As revealed in monkey tracer studies, the fovea of V1, but not periphery, projects directly to V4 (Zeki, 1969 a ; Nakamura et al., 1993 ).”
BackgroundThe color selectivity of neurons in posterior inferior temporal cortex of macaque monkey
Yasuda, M., ヤスダ, マ., & YASUDA, M. (2007) · SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies) · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Visual perception and memory systems: from cortex to medial temporal lobe
Khan, Z. U., Martín‐Montañez, E., & Baxter, M. G. (2011) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0641-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“extrastriate cortical areas and temporal areas downstream of V4, including temporal areas F (TF) and H (TH) and the various subdivisions of IT cortex [18–20].”
BackgroundGaragnani, M., & Friedemann Pulvermüller, A. (2013) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.02.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Barbur, J. L., Weiskrantz, L., & Harlow, J. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11637 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Responses of Spectrally Selective Cells in Macaque Area V2 to Wavelengths and Colors
Moutoussis, K., & Zeki, S. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00248.2001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…et al. 1988; Ts’o and Gilbert 1988) and project mainly to V4 (DeYoe and Van Essen 1985; DeYoe et al. 1994; Felleman et al. 1997; Malach et al. 1994; Nakamura et al. 1993; Shipp and Zeki 1985; Xiao et al. 1999; Zeki and Shipp 1989), an area specialized in color processing (Zeki 1973, 1977,…”
Background
- Authors
- Nakamura, H., Gattass, R., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1993-09-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3681-3691
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6576450
- OpenAlex
- W1527855123
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- visual cortex, area V1, V2, area V4, cortical projections, cytochrome oxidase blobs, color vision, form vision, retrograde tracing, macaque, foveal representation
- MeSH terms
- Amidines, Animals, Axonal Transport, Electron Transport Complex IV, Fluorescent Dyes, Horseradish Peroxidase, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Visual Fields, Visual Pathways, Wheat Germ Agglutinins, Biomarkers, Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate
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