The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Touching a Rubber Hand: Feeling of Body Ownership Is Associated with Activity in Multisensory Brain Areas
Open accessAbstract
In the "rubber-hand illusion," the sight of brushing of a rubber hand at the same time as brushing of the person's own hidden hand is sufficient to produce a feeling of ownership of the fake hand. We shown previously that this illusion is associated with activity in the multisensory areas, most notably the ventral premotor cortex (Ehrsson et al., 2004). However, it remains to be demonstrated that this illusion does not simply reflect the dominant role of vision and that the premotor activity does not reflect a visual representation of an object near the hand. To address these issues, we introduce a somatic rubber-hand illusion. The experimenter moved the blindfolded participant's left index finger so that it touched the fake hand, and simultaneously, he touched the participant's real right hand, synchronizing the touches as perfectly as possible. After approximately 9.7 s, this stimulation elicited an illusion that one was touching one's own hand. We scanned brain activity during this illusion and two control conditions, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activity in the ventral premotor cortices, intraparietal cortices, and the cerebellum was associated with the illusion of touching one's own hand. Furthermore, the rated strength of the illusion correlated with the degree of premotor and cerebellar activity. This finding suggests that the activity in these areas reflects the detection of congruent multisensory signals from one's own body, rather than of visual representations. We propose that this could be the mechanism for the feeling of body ownership.
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“As noted above, activation of the vPMc has been related to the induction of the RHI (Ehrsson et al., 2005;Ehrsson et al., 2004) and the body swap illusion (Petkova et al., 2011): vPMc activity increases during synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation (in particular at the beginning of the illusion) and is correlated with questionnaire responses.”
From Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness (2013) · cites this paper as Ehrsson et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“A number of studies have highlighted the plasticity of the bodily self by showing how multisensory stimulation can modulate how one’s own body, face and voice are recognised”
From The free-energy self: a predictive coding account of self-recognition (2014) · cites this paper as Ehrsson et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, several of these regions, including the TPJ, IPS, AI and the IFG are also activated when participants experience the rubber-hand illusion (Ehrsson et al., 2005; Ehrsson et al., 2004; Tsakiris et al., 2008; Tsakiris et al., 2007; Tsakiris et al., 2010b), and when participants experience similar multisensory illusions where the perceived spatial location of the whole body is”
From The free-energy self: a predictive coding account of self-recognition (2014) · cites this paper as Ehrsson et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“it has been proposed that the key mechanism for this effect relates to integration of visual, tactile, and proprioceptive information (2, 3).”
From Threatening a rubber hand that you feel is yours elicits a cortical anxiety response. (2007) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“This illusory feeling of body ownership is associated with activity in multisensory areas such as premotor cortex”
From Threatening a rubber hand that you feel is yours elicits a cortical anxiety response. (2007) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“This leads to a recalibration of position sense for the person's own arm (3, 9, 46, 47).”
From Threatening a rubber hand that you feel is yours elicits a cortical anxiety response. (2007) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“To produce the illusion that an artificial limb belongs to oneself, it is necessary to correlate tactile stimulation of the real arm and visual stimulation of the artificial limb for an extended period.”
From Threatening a rubber hand that you feel is yours elicits a cortical anxiety response. (2007) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Functional neuroimaging studies revealed an involvement of the premotor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, extrastriate body area, insula, the putamen, and intraparietal sulcus in illusory self identification with a rubber hand or with a virtual body (Chancel et al., 2022; Ehrsson et al., 2004; Ehrsson, Holmes, & Passingham, 2005; Gentile et al., 2015; Guterstam, Björnsdotter, Bergouignan, et”
From Neural bases of the bodily self as revealed by electrical brain stimulation: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Ehrsson, Holmes, & Passingham, 2005
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Citations
Cites
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084005 · Cited by 6,551
Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see
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Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
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Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z., & Jordan, M. I. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7569931 · Cited by 3,553
Computational principles of movement neuroscience
Wolpert, D. M., & Ghahramani, Z. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81497 · Cited by 2,122
Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1997) · Cited by 1,713
Central cancellation of self-produced tickle sensation
Blakemore, S.-J., Wolpert, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/2870 · Cited by 1,467
That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb
Ehrsson, H. H., Spence, C., & Passingham, R. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097011 · Cited by 1,348
Self-citationThe rubber hand illusion revisited: visuotactile integration and self-attribution
Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.80 · Cited by 1,328
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Proske, U., & Gandevia, S. C. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2011 · Cited by 2,223
Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness.
Blanke, O. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3292 · Cited by 1,147
My body in the brain: A neurocognitive model of body-ownership.
Tsakiris, M. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034 · Cited by 1,069
Beyond the comparator model: A multifactorial two-step account of agency
Synofzik, M., Vosgerau, G., & Newen, A. (2007) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.03.010 · Cited by 1,135
What is embodiment? A psychometric approach
Longo, M. R., Schüür, F., Kammers, M. P. M., Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.004 · Cited by 956
Metadata
- Authors
- Ehrsson, H. H., Holmes, N. P., & Passingham, R. E.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-11-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 10564-10573
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC1395356
- OpenAlex
- W2095398263
- Cited by
- 784
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 19.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (065696)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- rubber hand illusion, body ownership, multisensory integration, ventral premotor cortex, intraparietal cortex, cerebellum, tactile perception, illusion strength
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Hand, Humans, Illusions, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Movement, Oxygen, Physical Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Psychophysics, Touch, Visual Perception, Linear Models, Human Body
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