Dissociation of response inhibition and performance monitoring in the stop signal task using event‐related fMRI
Open accessAbstract
We examined the neural substrate of motor response inhibition and performance monitoring in the stop signal task (SST) using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The SST involves a go task and the occasional requirement to stop the go response. We posit that both the go and the stop phases of the SST involve components of inhibition and performance monitoring. The goal of this study was to determine whether inhibition and performance monitoring during go and stop phases of the task activated different networks. We isolated go‐phase activities underlying response withholding, monitoring, and sensorimotor processing and contrasted these with successful inhibition to identify the substrate of response inhibition. Error detection activity was isolated using trials in which a stop signal appeared but the response was executed. These trials were modeled as a hand‐specific go trial followed by error processing. Cognitive go‐phase processes included response withholding and monitoring and activated right prefrontal and midline networks. Response withdrawal additionally activated right inferior frontal gyrus and basal ganglia (caudate). Error detection invoked by failed inhibition activated dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and right middle frontal Brodmann's area 9. Our results confirm that there are distinct aspects of inhibition and performance monitoring functions which come into play at various phases within a given trial of the SST, and that these are separable using fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Unique neural networks for the three subcategories of processes underpinning response inhibition have been suggested.
“Nonetheless, unique neural networks for the three subcategories of processes underpinning response inhibition have also been suggested (Rubia et al. 2001; Sebastian et al. 2013b; Chevrier et al. 2007; van Velzen et al. 2014; Sebastian et al. 2013a).”
From Large-scale functional neural network correlates of response inhibition: an fMRI meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Chevrier et al. 2007
fMRI studies found inhibition-related activation in basal ganglia, including STN and striatum.
“fMRI studies showed inhibition-related activation in basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nucleus [STN; 17] and striatum [18, 25].”
From Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
Event-related fMRI studies found greater activation mainly in parietal and frontal regions when inhibition was unsuccessful.
“Event-related fMRI studies showed that (mainly) parietal and frontal brain regions are more activated when inhibition is unsuccessful [15, 16, 18, 19].”
From Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
Recent studies using various methods indicate that stopping is linked to activity in a fronto-basal-ganglia circuit that includes IFG, middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and basal ganglia.
“Recent studies using a variety of methods suggest that stopping is associated with activation of a fronto-basal-ganglia circuit that includes inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), middle frontal gyrus (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), medial frontal gyrus (MFG), and basal ganglia [14–18].”
From Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
The DLS and DMS differ in their contribution to the inhibition of competing, but incorrect responses.
“The DLS and DMS also appear to differ in their contribution to the inhibition of competing, but incorrect responses”
From Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account (2012) · cites this paper as [36]
Neuroimaging research has implicated the DMS, more strongly than the DLS, in inhibiting responding on No Go trials.
“Neuroimaging research has implicated the DMS, more strongly than the DLS, in inhibiting responding on No Go trials [36,37].”
From Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account (2012) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Chevrier, A. D., Noseworthy, M. D., & Schachar, R.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1347-1358
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871417
- OpenAlex
- W2068327720
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- response inhibition, performance monitoring, stop-signal task, error detection, prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, inferior frontal gyrus, sensorimotor processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Models, Statistical, Prefrontal Cortex
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