Sox10, a Novel Transcriptional Modulator in Glial Cells
Open accessAbstract
Sox proteins are characterized by possession of a DNA-binding domain with similarity to the high-mobility group domain of the sex determining factor SRY. Here, we report on Sox10, a novel protein with predominant expression in glial cells of the nervous system. During development Sox10 first appeared in the forming neural crest and continued to be expressed as these cells contributed to the forming PNS and finally differentiated into Schwann cells. In the CNS, Sox10 transcripts were originally confined to glial precursors and later detected in oligodendrocytes of the adult brain. Functional studies failed to reveal autonomous transcriptional activity for Sox10. Instead, Sox10 functioned synergistically with the POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP with which it is coexpressed during certain stages of Schwann cell development. Synergy depended on binding to adjacent sites in target promoters, was mediated by the N-terminal regions of both proteins, and could not be observed between Sox10 and several other POU domain proteins. Interestingly, Sox10 also modulated the function of Pax3 and Krox-20, two other transcription factors involved in Schwann cell development. We propose a role for Sox10 in conferring cell specificity to the function of other transcription factors in developing and mature glia.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SOX10 is engaged in NeuN− specific H3K27ac peaks and Hi-C loops and has higher expression in NeuN− cells than in NeuN+ cells.
“In contrast, a glial gene, SOX1033, was engaged in NeuN− specific H3K27ac peaks and Hi–C loops, and had higher expression in NeuN− cells than in NeuN+ cells (Fig. 2c).”
From Neuronal and glial 3D chromatin architecture informs the cellular etiology of brain disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue
Mccarthy, K., & de Vellis, J. (1980) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.85.3.890 · Cited by 3,915 · see citing works
Douarin, N. M. L., & Kalcheim, C. (1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511897948 · Cited by 3,003 · see citing works
The Atlas of Mouse Development
Kaufman, M. H. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,749 · see citing works
Gubbay, J., Collignon, J., Koopman, P. A., Capel, B., Economou, A., Münsterberg, A., Vivian, N., Goodfellow, P. N., & Lovell-Badge, R. H. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346245a0 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
Campomelic dysplasia and autosomal sex reversal caused by mutations in an SRY-related gene
Foster, J. W., Dominguez-Steglich, M., Guioli, S., Kwok, C., Weller, P., Stevanović, M., Weissenbach, J., Mansour, S., Young, I., Goodfellow, P., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372525a0 · Cited by 1,602 · see citing works
Wagner, T., Wirth, J., Meyer, J., Zabel, B., Held, M., Zimmer, J., Pasantes, J., Bricarelli, F. D., Keutel, J., Hustert, E., et al. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90041-8 · Cited by 1,592 · see citing works
The mouse; its reproduction and development
Rugh, R. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
SOX9 Is a Potent Activator of the Chondrocyte-Specific Enhancer of the Proα1(II) Collagen Gene
Lefebvre, V., Huang, W., Harley, V. R., Goodfellow, P. N., & Crombrugghe, B. D. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.17.4.2336 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Brockes, J. P., Fields, K. L., & RAFF, M. C. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90048-9 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
SOX9 directly regulates the type-ll collagen gene
Bell, D. M., Leung, K. K. H., Wheatley, S. C., Ng, L. J., Zhou, S. X., Ling, K., Sham, M. H., Koopman, P. A., Tam, P., & Cheah, K. S. E. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0697-174 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
Langdale, J. A. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2694-9_18 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
The oligodendrocyte and its many cellular processes
Pfeiffer, S. E., Warrington, A. E., & Bansal, R. (1993) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/0962-8924(93)90213-k · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Expression of a large family of POU-domain regulatory genes in mammalian brain development
He, X., Treacy, M. N., Simmons, D. M., Ingraham, H. A., Swanson, L. W., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/340035a0 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Yuan, H., Corbi, N., Basilico, C., & Dailey, L. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.21.2635 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Mouse Wnt genes exhibit discrete domains of expression in the early embryonic CNS and limb buds
Parr, B. A., Shea, M. J., Vassileva, G., & McMahon, A. P. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.119.1.247 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
da Silva, S. M., Hacker, A., Harley, V. R., Goodfellow, P. N., Swain, A., & Lovell-Badge, R. H. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0996-62 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Krox-20 controls myelination in the peripheral nervous system
Topilko, P., Schneider‐Maunoury, S., Levi, G., Evercooren, A. B., Chennoufi, A. B. Y., Seitanidou, T., Babinet, C., & Charnay, P. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371796a0 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system
Schubert, D. A., Heinemann, S. F., Carlisle, W., Tarikas, H., Kimes, B. W., Patrick, J. W., Steinbach, J. H., Culp, W., & Brandt, B. L. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/249224a0 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Giese, K., Cox, J. S., & Grosschedl, R. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90129-z · Cited by 685 · see citing works
The Sry-related gene Sox9 is expressed during chondrogenesis in mouse embryos
Wright, E. M., Hargrave, M. R., Christiansen, J. H., Cooper, L. T., Kun, J., Evans, T. M., Gangadharan, U., Greenfield, A., & Koopman, P. A. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0195-15 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Pringle, N. P., & Richardson, W. D. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.117.2.525 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Pevny, L., & Lovell-Badge, R. H. (1997) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80147-5 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
POU domain family values: flexibility, partnerships, and developmental codes.Preprint
Ryan, A. K., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.10.1207 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Louis, J., Magal, E., Muir, D., Manthorpe, M., & Varon, S. S. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490310125 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Roach, A., Boylan, K., Horvath, S. J., Prusiner, S. B., & Hood, L. (1983) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(83)90536-6 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Sox‐4, an Sry‐like HMG box protein, is a transcriptional activator in lymphocytes.
van de Wetering, M., Oosterwegel, M. A., van Norren, K., & Clevers, H. C. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06063.x · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Jessen, K. R., Brennan, A. M., Morgan, L., et al. (1994) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90209-7 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
SCIP: A glial POU domain gene regulated by cyclic AMP
Monuki, E. S., Weinmaster, G., Kuhn, R., & Lemke, G. (1989) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90247-x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
The POU Factor Oct-6 and Schwann Cell Differentiation
Jaegle, M., Mandemakers, W. J., Broos, L. A. M., Zwart, R., Karis, A., Visser, P., Grosveld, F. G., & Meijer, D. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5274.507 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Bermingham, J. R., Scherer, S. S., O’Connell, S. M., et al. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.14.1751 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
POU-domain proteins: structure and function of developmental regulators
Wegner, M., Drolet, D. W., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (1993) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/0955-0674(93)90015-i · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationStudies on cultured rat Schwann cells
Brockes, J. P., & RAFF, M. C. (1979) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant · doi:10.1007/bf02618303 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Unwrapping the genes of myelin
Lemke, G. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90103-1 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Schwann cell development, differentiation and myelination
Mirsky, R., & Jessen, K. R. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80013-4 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Expression and Activity of the POU Transcription Factor SCIP
Monuki, E. S., Kuhn, R., Weinmaster, G., Trapp, B. D., & Lemke, G. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1975954 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Involvement of SOX proteins in lens‐specific activation of crystallin genes.
Kamachi, Y., Sockanathan, S., Liu, Q., et al. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07357.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Seven new members of theSoxgene family expressed during mouse development
Wright, E. M., Snopek, B., & Koopman, P. A. (1993) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/21.3.744 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Sex reversal by loss of the C–terminal transactivation domain of human SOX9
Südbeck, P., Schmitz, M. L., Baeuerle, P. A., et al. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0696-230 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Whole-mount in situ hybridization in the mouse embryo: gene expression in three dimensions
Rosen, B. P., & Beddington, R. S. P. (1993) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90162-b · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Noll, E., & Miller, R. H. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.118.2.563 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Schwann cells stimulated to proliferate in the absence of neurons retain full functional capability
Porter, S., Clark, M. L., Glaser, L., et al. (1986) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.06-10-03070.1986 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Zorick, T. S., Syroid, D. E., Arroyo, E. J., Scherer, S. S., & Lemke, G. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1996.0052 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Gerrero, M. R., McEvilly, R. J., Turner, E. E., Lin, C. R., O’Connell, S. M., Jenné, K. J., Hobbs, M. V., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10841 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Pax3: A paired domain gene as a regulator in PNS myelination
Kioussi, C., Gross, M. K., & Gruß, P. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90144-2 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Zorick, T. S., & Lemke, G. (1996) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(96)80090-1 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Axons regulate Schwann cell expression of the POU transcription factor SCIP
Scherer, S., Wang, D., Kuhn, R., Lemke, G., Wrabetz, L. G., & Kamholz, J. A. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-04-01930.1994 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Schreiber, J., Sock, E., & Wegner, M. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4739 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationCollarini, E. J., Kuhn, R., Marshall, C. J., Monuki, E. S., Lemke, G., & Richardson, W. D. (1992) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.116.1.193 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Hardy, R. J., & Friedrich, V. L. (1996) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.122.7.2059 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The Germ Cell Nuclear Factor mGCNF Is Expressed in the Developing Nervous System
Süsens, U., Aguiluz, J. B., Evans, R. M., et al. (1997) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000111238 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Rufer, M., Wirth, S. B., Hofer, A., Dermietzel, R., Pastor, A., Kettenmann, H., & Unsicker, K. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19961201)46:5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Identification of the Nuclear Localization Signal of the POU Domain Protein Tst-1/Oct6
Sock, E., Enderich, J., Rosenfeld, M. G., et al. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.29.17512 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationRenner, K., Leger, H., & Wegner, M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6433 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationUnique expression pattern of a novel mosaic receptor in the developing cerebral cortex
Hermans‐Borgmeyer, I., Hampe, W., Schinke, B., Methner, A., Nykjær, A., Süsens, U., Fenger, U., Herbarth, B., & Schaller, H. C. (1998) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00177-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationA Novel Mosaic Protein Containing LDL Receptor Elements Is Highly Conserved in Humans and Chickens
Mörwald, S., Yamazaki, H., Bujo, H., Kusunoki, J., Kanaki, T., Seimiya, K., Morisaki, N., Nimpf, J., Schneider, W. J., & Saitō, Y. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.5.996 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mapping the transactivation domain of the Oct-6 POU transcription factor
Meijer, D., Graus, A., & Grosveld, G. C. (1992) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/20.9.2241 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Functional comparison of PML-type and archetype strains of JC virus
Sock, E., Renner, K., Feist, D. J., et al. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.3.1512-1520.1996 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationExpression of Krox Proteins During Differentiation of the O‐2A Progenitor Cell Line CG‐4
Sock, E., Leger, H., Kuhlbrodt, K., Schreiber, J., Enderich, J., Richter‐Landsberg, C., & Wegner, M. (1997) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68051911.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationA rainbow trout SRY‐type gene expressed in pituitary glands
Ito, M., Ishikawa, M., Suzuki, S., et al. (1995) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01307-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cell-specific action and mutable structure of a transcription factor effector domain.
Monuki, E. S., Kuhn, R., & Lemke, G. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.9978 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sox9 transcription factor determines glial fate choice in the developing spinal cord
Stolt, C. C., Lommes, P., Sock, E., Chaboissier, M.-C., Schedl, A., & Wegner, M. (2003) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.259003 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Self-citationOligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond
Kuhn, S., Gritti, L., Crooks, D., & Dombrowski, Y. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8111424 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Distinct Profiles of Myelin Distribution Along Single Axons of Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex
Tomassy, G. S., Berger, D. R., Chen, H.-H., Kasthuri, N., Hayworth, K. J., Vercelli, A., Seung, H. S., Lichtman, J. W., & Arlotta, P. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1249766 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Myelin gene regulatory factor is a critical transcriptional regulator required for CNS myelination
Emery, B., Agalliu, D., Cahoy, J. D., Watkins, T. A., Dugas, J. C., Mulinyawe, S. B., Ibrahim, A., Ligon, K. L., Rowitch, D. H., & Barres, B. A. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.031 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Petryniak, M. A., Potter, G. B., Rowitch, D. H., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.036 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Corces, M. R., Shcherbina, A., Kundu, S., Gloudemans, M. J., Frésard, L., Granja, J. M., Louie, B. H., Eulalio, T., Shams, S., Bagdatli, S. T., et al. (2020) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-020-00721-x · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Stolt, C. C., Schlierf, A., Lommes, P., Hillgärtner, S., Werner, T., Kosian, T., Sock, E., Kessaris, N., Richardson, W. D., Lefebvre, V., et al. (2006) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.08.011 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationThe transcription factor Sox9 is required for cranial neural crest development in<i>Xenopus</i>
Spokony, R. F., Aoki, Y., Saint-Germain, N., Magner-Fink, E., & Saint-Jeannet, J.-P. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.2.421 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Hornig, J., Fröb, F., Vogl, M. R., Hermans-Borgmeyer, I., Tamm, E. R., & Wegner, M. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003907 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationDefects in pathfinding by cranial neural crest cells in mice lacking the neuregulin receptor ErbB4
Golding, J. P., Trainor, P., Krumlauf, R., & Gassmann, M. (2000) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35000058 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Neuronal and glial 3D chromatin architecture informs the cellular etiology of brain disorders
Hu, B., Won, H., Mah, W., Park, R. B., Kassim, B., Spiess, K., Kozlenkov, A., Crowley, C. A., Pochareddy, S., The PsychENCODE Consortium, et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24243-0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Pain mechanisms in chronic pancreatitis: of a master and his fire.
Demir, I. E., Tieftrunk, E., Maak, M., Friess, H., & Ceyhan, G. O. (2011) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0731-1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Diversity among POU transcription factors in chromatin recognition and cell fate reprogramming
Malik, V., Zimmer, D., & Jauch, R. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2748-5 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Premyelinating Oligodendrocytes: Mechanisms Underlying Cell Survival and Integration
Hughes, E. G., & Stockton, M. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.714169 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The gene regulatory basis of genetic compensation during neural crest induction
Dooley, C. M., Wali, N., Sealy, I. M., White, R. J., Stemple, D. L., Collins, J. E., & Busch-Nentwich, E. M. (2019) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008213 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Logan, A. M., Mammel, A. E., Robinson, D. C., Chin, A. L., Condon, A. F., & Robinson, F. L. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23173 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kuhlbrodt, K., Herbarth, B., Sock, E., Hermans-Borgmeyer, I., & Wegner, M.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1998-01-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 237-250
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6793382
- OpenAlex
- W1958675029
- Cited by
- 781
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 10.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- SOX10, glial cells, Schwann cells, neural crest, oligodendrocytes, transcriptional regulation, Pax3, Krox20, transcription factor synergy, brain development, cell specificity
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Base Sequence, Cells, Cultured, Central Nervous System, DNA-Binding Proteins, High Mobility Group Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neural Crest, Oligodendroglia, Schwann Cells, Transcription Factors, Rats, Wistar, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Peripheral Nervous System, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Octamer Transcription Factor-6, Rats, SOXE Transcription Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
