Cited by 3,466Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchRegulation of Appetite and ObesityNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

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Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems

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Peyron, Christelle, Tighe, Devin K., van den Pol, Anthony N., de Lecea, Luis, Heller, H. Craig, Sutcliffe, J. Gregor, Kilduff, Thomas S.·1998·The Journal of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.18-23-09996.1998PMC PMC6793310

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Abstract

The novel neuropeptides called hypocretins (orexins) have recently been identified as being localized exclusively in cell bodies in a subregion of the tuberal part of the hypothalamus. The structure of the hypocretins, their accumulation in vesicles of axon terminals, and their excitatory effect on cultured hypothalamic neurons suggest that the hypocretins function in intercellular communication. To characterize these peptides further and to help understand what physiological functions they may serve, we undertook an immunohistochemical study to examine the distribution of preprohypocretin-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the rat brain. Preprohypocretin-positive neurons were found in the perifornical nucleus and in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamic areas. These cells were distinct from those that express melanin-concentrating hormone. Although they represent a restricted group of cells, their projections were widely distributed in the brain. We observed labeled fibers throughout the hypothalamus. The densest extrahypothalamic projection was found in the locus coeruleus. Fibers were also seen in the septal nuclei, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the paraventricular and reuniens nuclei of the thalamus, the zona incerta, the subthalamic nucleus, the central gray, the substantia nigra, the raphe nuclei, the parabrachial area, the medullary reticular formation, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Less prominent projections were found in cortical regions, central and anterior amygdaloid nuclei, and the olfactory bulb. These results suggest that hypocretins are likely to have a role in physiological functions in addition to food intake such as regulation of blood pressure, the neuroendocrine system, body temperature, and the sleep-waking cycle.

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Authors: Peyron, C., Tighe, D. K., van den Pol, A. N., de Lecea, L., Heller, H. C., Sutcliffe, J. G., & Kilduff, T. S.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Scripps Research Institute (US)
ORCID: Peyron, Christelle
Heller, H. Craig
Kilduff, Thomas S.
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Published: 1998-12-01
Volume: 18
Issue: 23
Pages: 9996-10015
ISSN: 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
1529-2401
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-23-09996.1998
PMC: PMC6793310
OpenAlex: W1627229807
Cited by: 3,466
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 48 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 145 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 156 · 2014: 183 · 2013: 169 · 2012: 182
FWCI: 36.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (vor, 182 d)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ns033396-03, 5p01ag011084-05)
National Institute on Aging (AG-11084)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-32355, R01GM032355)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS034887, NS33396)
Army Research Office
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords: orexin, hypothalamic neurons, neuronal projections, melanin-concentrating hormone, locus coeruleus, septal nuclei, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, thalamic nuclei, raphe nuclei, parabrachial area, medullary reticular formation, nucleus tractus solitarius, sleep-wake cycle, blood pressure regulation, neuroendocrine regulation, thermoregulation
MeSH terms: Orexins, Animals, Antibody Specificity, Blood Pressure, Brain Chemistry, Carrier Proteins, Dendrites, Eating, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Afferent, Neurons, Efferent, Neuropeptides, Rats, Wistar, Neurotransmitter Agents, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Rats

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Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems

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