The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 73 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk
Open accessAbstract
Individual differences in affective and social processes may arise from variability in amygdala-medial prefrontal (mPFC) circuitry and related genetic heterogeneity. To explore this possibility in humans, we examined the structural correlates of trait negative affect in a sample of 1050 healthy young adults with no history of psychiatric illness. Analyses revealed that heightened negative affect was associated with increased amygdala volume and reduced thickness in a left mPFC region encompassing the subgenual and rostral anterior cingulate cortex. The most extreme individuals displayed an inverse correlation between amygdala volume and mPFC thickness, suggesting that imbalance between these structures is linked to negative affect in the general population. Subgroups of participants were further evaluated on social ( n = 206) and emotional ( n = 533) functions. Individuals with decreased mPFC thickness exhibited the poorest social cognition and were least able to correctly identify facial emotion. Given prior links between disrupted amygdala–mPFC circuitry and the presence of major depressive disorder (MDD), we explored whether the individual differences in anatomy observed here in healthy young adults were associated with polygenic risk for MDD ( n = 438) using risk scores derived from a large genome-wide association analysis ( n = 18,759). Analyses revealed associations between increasing polygenic burden for MDD and reduced cortical thickness in the left mPFC. These collective findings suggest that, within the healthy population, there is significant variability in amygdala–mPFC circuitry that is associated with poor functioning across affective and social domains. Individual differences in this circuitry may arise, in part, from common genetic variability that contributes to risk for MDD.
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83 Own result · 38 Not checked yet · 19 Own interpretation · 12 Own method · 1 No basis given
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“The most extreme individuals displayed an inverse correlation between amygdala volume and mPFC thickness”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“right hippocampal volumes (F(1,1042) = 6.60; p < 0.01; r = 0.08)”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the relation between amygdala volume and the composite score of negative affect did not significantly differ by hemisphere (Z = 1.17, p = 0.24).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Heightened negative affect was associated with increased left (F(1,1042) = 12.56; p < 0.001; r =0.11)”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“heightened negative affect was associated with increased amygdala volume”
- Also stated in: § Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect · plain
“left amygdala volume accounted for a significant percentage of the variance in negative affect (F(1,1042) =19.67; p <0.001; r =0.14; Figs. 2A, 3A).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 1,050 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“left amygdala volume accounted for a significant percentage of the variance in negative affect (F(1,1042) =19.67; p <0.001; r =0.14; Figs. 2A, 3A).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Individuals with decreased mPFC thickness exhibited the poorest social cognition”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 206- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“were least able to correctly identify facial emotion”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 533- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This effect was echoed in the right amygdala (F(1,1042) = 7.69; p < 0.01; r = 0.09)”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses revealed associations between increasing polygenic burden for MDD and reduced cortical thickness in the left mPFC.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 438- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- It may state two separate claims as one. 39
- Probably not a substantial claim. 39
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“reduced thickness in a left mPFC region encompassing the subgenual and rostral anterior cingulate cortex”
- Also stated in: § Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with negative affect · plain
“reduced left mPFC thickness was associated with increased negative affect (F(1,1043) = 8.28; p <0.005; r =−0.09; Fig. 2B).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 1,050 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with negative affect · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among men, negative affect was associated with right amygdala (F(1,475) = 4.11; p < 0.05; r = 0.09) and hippocampal volumes (left: F(1,475) = 5.17; p <0.05; r =0.10; right: F(1,475) = 4.44; p < 0.05; r = 0.10). No other subcortical structures approached significance (F < 1.02; p > 0.31; r < 0.05; Fig. 3C).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Individual differences are present in both men and women
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When considered in isolation, there was no detectable relation between amygdala volume and mPFC thickness for either the low (F(1,168) = 1.04; p = 0.31; r = 0.08; Fig. 5A) or medium groups (F(1,698) < 0.01; p = 0.97; r < −0.01; Fig. 5B). However, an inverse correlation between left amygdala volume and mPFC thickness was evident among individuals reporting the most extreme negative affect (F(1,163)”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Extreme negative affect reveals an inverse relation between the structure of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The opposing effects in the mPFC were also evident in four of the scales (STAI trait: F(1,1043) = 6.81; p < 0.01; r = −0.08; NEO neuroticism: F(1,1043) = 4.90; p < 0.05; r = −0.07; POMS total mood disturbance: F(1,1043) = 7.86; p < 0.005; r = −0.09; TCI harm avoidance: F(1,1043) = 6.80; p < 0.01; r = −0.08). Although the behavioral inhibition scale did not display a significant relation with mPFC”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Cross-scale consistency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additional analyses were run excluding participants with a family history of psychiatric illness (n = 189). The associations between negative affect with both left amygdala volume (F(1,853) = 11.27; p < 0.001; r = 0.11) and mPFC thickness (F(1,854) = 3.88; p <0.05; r =−0.07) remained.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Extreme negative affect reveals an inverse relation between the structure of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among women, the left hippocampus (F(1,561) = 6.56; p < 0.01; r = 0.11) demonstrated a significant relation with negative affect, while a trend emerged in the right amygdala (F(1,561) = 2.80; p = 0.09; r = 0.07). No other subcortical structures approached significance (F < 2.45; p > 0.12; r < 0.07; Fig. 3B).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Individual differences are present in both men and women
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No relation was observed between mPFC thickness and the other imputed psychiatric (F < 1.46; p > 0.23; r < 0.06) or non-psychiatric genetic risk scores (F < 1.23; p > 0.26; r < 0.06).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with polygenic vulnerability for major depressive disorder
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasing right amygdala volume was associated with increased scores on four of the scales (NEO neuroticism: F(1,1042) = 5.13; p <0.05; r =0.07; BIS: F(1,1042) = 3.86; p < 0.05; r = 0.06; POMS total mood disturbance: F(1,1042) = 4.64; p < 0.05; r = 0.07; TCI harm avoidance: F(1,1042) = 11.46; p < 0.001; r = 0.10). STAI trait anxiety displayed a trend in the same direction (F(1,1042) = 3.23; p =0.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Cross-scale consistency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of further note, participants in the high negative affect group were more likely to report a family history of psychiatric illnesses relative to the low and medium groups (Table 3).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Extreme negative affect reveals an inverse relation between the structure of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rolling average revealed opposing relations between negative affect and the structure of the left amygdala and cortex (Fig. 4A). While there was an absence of a cross-structure relation over much of the sample, a robust negative correlation between amygdala volume and mPFC thickness emerged in individuals reporting the most severe negative affect (Fig. 4B, C).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Extreme negative affect reveals an inverse relation between the structure of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex
boostedcorrelationaln = 170- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining subcortical structures (caudate, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, putamen, thalamus) were not significantly associated with negative affect (F < 3.25; p > 0.07; r < 0.06; Fig. 3A).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Increased amygdala volume is associated with negative affect
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After excluding these extreme subjects from the full sample, the association between negative affect and left amygdala volume remained (F(1,872) = 9.175; p < 0.005; r = 0.10), as did the inverse relation with mPFC thickness (F(1,873) = 5.84; p < 0.05; r = −0.08).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Extreme negative affect reveals an inverse relation between the structure of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inverse relation between left mPFC thickness and negative affect was observed and of similar magnitude for both sexes (women, F(1,562) = 5.60; p <0.05; r =−0.10; men, F(1,476) = 4.50; p <0.05; r = −0.10; Fig. 3E, F).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Individual differences are present in both men and women
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When considering left amygdala volume, increased scores on each scale were associated with increased volume (STAI trait: F(1,1042) = 13.31; p < 0.001; r =0.12; NEO neuroticism: F(1,1042) = 13.98; p <0.001; r =0.12; BIS: F(1,1042) = 9.71; p < 0.005; r = 0.09; POMS total mood disturbance: F(1,1042) = 10.61; p < 0.001; r = 0.11; TCI harm avoidance: F(1,1042) = 21.51; p <0.001; r =0.14).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Cross-scale consistency
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, we found that negative affect associates with increased amygdala volume and reduced mPFC thickness in a cohort of clinically healthy young adults.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Follow-up analyses revealed that this effect was specific to the neutral (error rate 0.14 ± 0.13; F(1,521) = 15.68; p <0.001; r =−0.17) and fear (error rate 0.19 ± 0.11; F(1,521) = 5.49; p < 0.05; r = −0.10) conditions with no other effects reaching significance (anger, error rate 0.39 ± 0.14; happy, error rate 0.03 ±0.06; and sad, error rate 0.21 ±0.14; p > 0.41, r < 0.04).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with errors in emotion perception
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After accounting for social functioning, the relation between negative affect and amygdala volume remained for the left (F(1,170) = 4.90; p < 0.05; r = 0.13), but not the right (F(1,170) = 1.18; p = 0.28; r = 0.06), amygdala.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with impaired social function
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While reduced mPFC thickness is independently present in men and women with increased anxiety, women as a group displayed thicker mPFC and yet heightened anxiety.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Similar effects in both women and men
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No relation was observed between the polygene MDD factors (PT < 0.1 to 0.5) and negative affect (F < 0.42; p > 0.52; r < 0.03) or amygdala volumes (F < 0.85; p > 0.36; r < 0.04).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with polygenic vulnerability for major depressive disorder
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although male participants displayed a greater percentage of errors in emotion perception than females (0.19 ± 0.01 vs 0.18 ± 0.01; t(531) = 2.32, p < 0.05), there were no sex differences in the relations between task performance and mPFC thickness (Z =1.30, p =0.19).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with errors in emotion perception
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This effect was seen in each of the three self-report measures included in the social functioning composite score (IAS aloof introverted: F(1,200) = 11.93; p < 0.001; r = − 0.24; BAPQ aloof personality: F(1,200) = 10.86; p <0.001; r = −0.23; RSRI social/school: F(1,200) = 4.31; p < 0.05; r = −0.14; Fig. 6B).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with impaired social function
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the current findings indicate relations between individual differences in affect, social functioning, polygenic MDD risk, and structural variation within the amygdala–mPFC network.”
- Also stated in: § Caveats · hedged
“Through the use of relatively crude morphometric measures, the present findings suggest how specific neural systems differ in ways that are associated with negative affect, social functioning, and genetic risk.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Caveats
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Caveats · hedged
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The social functioning composite score was calculated as the average of the Z-scores for each individual scale (r = 0.50 to 0.75; Cronbach’s α = 0.80).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Online self-report battery
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Median response time was partialed out during analyses of errors in emotional perception.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Abnormalities within the structure and function of the mPFC network have been established in a range of psychiatric disorders in addition to MDD”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Genetic data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Drevets et al., 1997
- Not checked yetcites Phillips and Vieta, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we took the additional step of partialing out the variance associated with potential population substratification (the first four MDS factors, C1–C4), and number of nonmissing SNPs.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reported results are after partialing out variance associated with site (Harvard Bay 1, MGH Bay 4, MGH Bay 8, etc.) and software upgrade.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > MRI data acquisition
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thought to be influenced by a large number of common allelic variations of very small effect”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Introduction
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These analyses partialed out the variance associated with site, console software version, estimated IQ, age, sex, and ICV and then examined the relation between amygdala volume and negative affect.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After QC, data for 442 participants were retained with 763,104 SNPs.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Genetic data
plainn = 442- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICV has also been validated against manual measurement (Buckner et al., 2004).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Structural phenotype reliability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buckner et al., 2004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total genotyping rate for the final sample was 99.50%.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Genetic data
plainn = 438- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the mPFC and amygdala share reciprocal connections”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Milad and Quirk, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Phelps and LeDoux, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Although polygenic vulnerabilities have been identified (Ripke et al., 2012), their neurobiological influence has yet to be established.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ripke et al., 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The accuracy of FreeSurfer-derived structural estimates have been validated against histological analysis (Rosas et al., 2002) and manual measurements (Kuperberg et al., 2003).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Structural phenotype reliability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rosas et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Kuperberg et al., 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses revealed high test–retest reliability of each of our phenotypes of interest (r = 0.76 to 0.99; Fig. 1).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Structural phenotype reliability
plaincorrelationaln = 91- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To prevent possible spurious effects resulting from population admixture and cultural biases in self-reported affect (Markus and Kitayama, 1991), analyses were restricted to non-Hispanic Caucasians of European ancestry.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Markus and Kitayama, 1991
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In healthy populations, the strength of intrinsic (Kim et al., 2011a) and task-evoked (Cremers et al., 2010; Pezawas et al., 2005) amygdala–mPFC coupling decreases, and white-matter is altered (Kim and Whalen, 2009) in individuals with high levels of anxiety or related behavioral profiles.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kim et al., 2011a
- Not checked yetcites Cremers et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Pezawas et al., 2005
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Imputation increases genomic coverage providing additional support for genotyped-allele-based analysis (de Bakker et al., 2008).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Genetic data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Bakker et al., 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Cortical thickness and surface area, which sum to reflect total gray matter volume, are genetically and phenotypically distinct measures (Panizzon et al., 2009; Winkler et al., 2010).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Structural MRI data preprocessing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Panizzon et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Winkler et al., 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the scales displayed strong cross-measure correlations (Table 1; Cronbach’s α =0.84)”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Online self-report battery
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“block linear regressions were conducted by first partialing out the variance associated with site, console software version, estimated IQ, age, and sex and then by examining the relation between thickness estimates and the negative affect composite score.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the effect in the mPFC was established within an a priori defined region”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with negative affect
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, although transient amygdala–mPFC responses can be sex- (or even individual) specific, our findings suggest that the circuit’s core role in affective and social processes generalizes across both sexes.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Similar effects in both women and men
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This raises the possibility that genetically mediated reductions in mPFC network integrity may contribute to an exaggerated stress response, the exacerbation of stress-induced dendritic remodeling, and heightened negative affect.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The sgACC participates in the dampening of fear responses as well as the experience and regulation of negative affect (Etkin, 2010; Kim et al., 2011b; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Etkin, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Kim et al., 2011b
- Not checked yetcites Phelps and LeDoux, 2005
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the results show the largest effects were present in those individuals with extreme negative affect, but also that a relation in the remaining sample should not be ruled out.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Extreme negative affect reveals an inverse relation between the structure of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Disrupted mPFC network integrity could result in the perception of emotions in nonemotional stimuli, contributing to the fear and avoidance of social situations.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings support the hypothesis that amygdala–mPFC circuit dysfunction may set the stage for MDD onset in vulnerable populations and suggest the presence of diagnostic specificity within the neuro-anatomical correlates of polygenic risk.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The present findings raise the possibility that imbalance within the basolateral amygdala–mPFC network may underlie dysregulated cortical control over central nucleus output and an associated increase in visceral responsivity (Price and Drevets, 2010).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In rodents, mPFC inputs to the basolateral nucleus (al Maskati and Zbrozyna, 1989) and intercalated cells gate basolateral–central amygdala impulse transmission (Milad and Quirk, 2012).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites al Maskati and Zbrozyna, 1989
- Not checked yetcites Milad and Quirk, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While our analyses targeted the amygdala–mPFC network, a failure to modulate hippocampal hyperactivity is also hypothesized to result in affective dysregulation (Mayberg, 1997; Price and Drevets, 2010).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mayberg, 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Rodent and nonhuman primate tracing literature suggests impaired affect and reduced social functioning likely result from imbalances between the mPFC and basolateral amygdala.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Caveats
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In their landmark study, Drevets et al. (1997) established mPFC gray matter loss in unipolar and bipolar depression.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Drevets et al. (1997)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Consistent with a strong cross-structure correlation within the present sample, in healthy populations, amygdala and hippocampal volumes track each other over the lifespan (Grieve et al., 2005; Mu et al., 1999; Walhovd et al., 2005).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grieve et al., 2005
- Not checked yetcites Mu et al., 1999
- Not checked yetcites Walhovd et al., 2005
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In rodents, chronic stress results in symptoms characteristic of MDD including anhedonia, changes in weight, sleep disturbances, decreased locomotion (Willner, 1997), as well as dendritic retraction and synapse loss in the mPFC (Cook and Wellman, 2004).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Willner, 1997
- Not checked yetcites Cook and Wellman, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Amygdala–mPFC connections are concentrated within the basolateral nucleus (Price and Drevets, 2010).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Subsequent meta-analyses have replicated these mPFC volumetric reductions, predominantly in patients with familial MDD (Hajek et al., 2008).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hajek et al., 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“There are sex differences in the prevalence of disorders of affect and social functioning (Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus, 1994).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Similar effects in both women and men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus, 1994
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Rodent and nonhuman primate research implicates the mPFC in social as well as affective, habitual, and evaluative processes (Devinsky et al., 1995; Graybiel, 2008; Price and Drevets, 2010; Rushworth et al., 2007).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Devinsky et al., 1995
- Not checked yetcites Graybiel, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Yet prior research has suggested the presence of reduced hippocampal formation gray matter in healthy young adults with heightened neuroticism (DeYoung et al., 2010) and patients with MDD (Bremner et al., 2000), although results have been inconsistent (Price and Drevets, 2010).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DeYoung et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Bremner et al., 2000
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Decreased social support (Coyne and Downey, 1991; Repetti et al., 2002; Vaughn and Leff, 1976) and neuroticism (Clark et al., 1994), a facet of negative affect, predict the onset of depressive episodes.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Coyne and Downey, 1991
- Not checked yetcites Repetti et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Vaughn and Leff, 1976
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Depression is associated with decreased left mPFC gray matter (Hajek et al., 2008; Price and Drevets, 2010).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hajek et al., 2008
- Not checked yetcites Price and Drevets, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In rodents, repeated stress results in dendritic atrophy and reduced glial cell counts in hippocampal regions (McEwen and Magarinos, 2001) as well as increased dendritic branching in the basolateral amygdala (Vyas et al., 2002).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McEwen and Magarinos, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Vyas et al., 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The central nucleus plays a role in the modulation of autonomic and endocrine responses for a host of visceral functions (LeDoux, 2000, 2012).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites LeDoux, 2000, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The relation between psychological health and social functioning is well established (Coyne and Downey, 1991; Repetti et al., 2002; Vaughn and Leff, 1976).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Amygdala–medial prefrontal imbalance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Coyne and Downey, 1991
- Not checked yetcites Repetti et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Vaughn and Leff, 1976
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Abnormalities within the structure and function of the mPFC have been established in a range of psychiatric disorders.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results indicate that compromised amygdala–mPFC circuitry, which is present in a considerable percentage of healthy young adults, may simultaneously relate to emotional impairments, reduced social functioning, and polygenic vulnerability for the onset of MDD.”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Caveats
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In healthy populations, women and men exhibit differential hemodynamic responses to affective and social stimuli (Cahill, 2006; Koch et al., 2007; McRae et al., 2008; Thomas et al., 2001; But see, Wager et al., 2003).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Similar effects in both women and men
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cahill, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Koch et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites McRae et al., 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, MDD is not purely genetic in origin, and stressful life events contribute to the occurrence of depressive episodes (Kendler et al., 1999).”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Discussion > Polygenic depression risk predicts decreased medial prefrontal thickness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kendler et al., 1999 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample of healthy young adults is representative of the general healthy population.
“in a sample of 1050 healthy young adults with no history of psychiatric illness”
“within the healthy population”
The paper relies on this without support.
The measured amygdala volume and medial prefrontal thickness reflect stable individual differences rather than transient states.
“structural correlates of trait negative affect”
“Individual differences in this circuitry”
The paper relies on this without support.
The self-report measures used to index negative affect, social functioning, and personality are valid measures of the constructs they purport to measure.
“five included self-report measures of affect, anxiety, and personality”
The paper relies on this without support.
The polygenic risk scores for MDD derived from prior GWAS are valid and applicable to this sample.
“five polygenic scores for depression derived at thresholds of varying association stringency from prior case control GWAS analyses”
The paper relies on this without support.
The FreeSurfer parcellation of the rACC corresponds to the mPFC region implicated in negative affect.
“when considering the FreeSurfer defined parcelation of the rACC”
The paper relies on this without support.
The cross-sectional anatomical associations reflect stable individual differences rather than transient states.
“morphometric estimates are likely insensitive to the associated subtle state dependent shifts in brain function”
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample of clinically healthy young adults is appropriate for studying vulnerability to MDD.
“cohort of clinically healthy young adults”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“several other studies have found that these structural changes may reflect a pre-existing vulnerability to a MDE, particularly for individuals with certain genetic profiles and/or early life stress (ELS) histories (39–45).”
From The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentz = 1.17reported p = .24 · recomputed p = .242
“(Z = 1.17, p = .24”
- Consistentz = 3.34reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“(Z = 3.34, p < .001”
- Consistentz = 3.29reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .001
“(Z = 3.29, p < .001”
- Consistentt(204) = 3.1reported p < .005 · recomputed p = .002
“t(204) = 3.10, p < .005”
- Consistentz = 0.49reported p = .62 · recomputed p = .624
“(Z = 0.49, p = .62”
- Consistentt(531) = 2.32reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .021
“t(531) = 2.32, p < .05”
- Consistentz = 1.3reported p = .19 · recomputed p = .194
“(Z =1.30, p = .19”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Results > Decreased medial prefrontal thickness is associated with impaired social function
“While male participants reported lower social functioning than females (−0.12 ± 0.86 vs 0.26 ± 0.78; t(204) = 3.10, p < 0.005)”
§ Individual Differences in Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Anatomy Link Negative Affect, Impaired Social Functioning, and Polygenic Depression Risk > Materials and Methods > Online self-report battery
“Social proficiency was assessed through three scales of current and retrospective impairments in social functioning, including measures of social detachment, decreased social motivation, and social avoidance.”
Citations
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PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A. R., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/519795 · Cited by 34,089
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“To prevent possible spurious effects resulting from population admixture and cultural biases in self-reported affect (Markus and Kitayama, 1991), analyses were restricted to non-Hispanic Caucasians of European ancestry.”
MethodDesikan, R. S., Ségonne, F., Fischl, B., Quinn, B. T., Dickerson, B. C., Blacker, D., Buckner, R. L., Dale, A. M., Maguire, R. P., Hyman, B. T., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021 · Cited by 13,324
Self-citationGenome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05911 · Cited by 9,442 · cited 1×
“…(Sklar et al., 2011), ADHD (Neale et al., 2010), schizophrenia (Ripke et al., 2011), as well as nonpsychiatric illnesses including coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes (Burton et al., 2007), and type II diabetes (Voight et al., 2010).”
BackgroundFischl, B., Salat, D. H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., van der Kouwe, A., Killiany, R., Kennedy, D., Klaveness, S., et al. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00569-x · Cited by 8,610
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09534 · Cited by 7,877 · cited 2×
“To account for population substratification, multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses were conducted with the HapMap phase 3 reference data (Altshuler et al., 2010b).”
MethodCarver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319 · Cited by 7,306 · cited 7×
“…bipolar disorder (Drevets et al., 1997; Phillips and Vieta, 2007; Price and Drevets, 2010; Savitz and Drevets, 2009a; Strakowski et al., 1999), schizophrenia (Benes, 2000; Koo et al., 2008; Shenton et al., 2001; Williams et al., 2004), and ADHD (Castellanos and Proal, 2012; Seidman et al., 2006)].”
BackgroundInfluentialMeasuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images
Fischl, B. R., & Dale, A. M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.200033797 · Cited by 5,995 · cited 2×
“Cortical thickness was calculated as the closest distance from the gray/white boundary to the gray/CSF boundary at each vertex on the tessellated surface (Fischl and Dale, 2000).”
Method
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects
Marshall, C. R., Howrigan, D. P., Merico, D., Thiruvahindrapuram, B., Wu, W., Greer, D. S., Antaki, D., Shetty, A., Holmans, P. A., Pinto, D., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3725 · Cited by 1,058
“It is important to address the low power of CNV studies with larger samples given that this type of mutation has already proven useful for highlighting some aspects of SCZ related biology 6, 10–13 .”
Self-citationThe Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future
Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613505532 · Cited by 850
“…stress disorder (Shin et al., 2005), generalized anxiety disorder (Etkin, Prater, Hoeft, Menon, & Schatzberg, 2010; Hoehn-Saric, Schlund, & Wong, 2004; Paulesu et al., 2010), specific phobia (Paquette et al., 2003; Straube, Mentzel, & Miltner, 2006), and depression (Holmes et al., 2012).”
The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, E. C., Thompson, P. M., Stein, J. L., Medland, S. E., Hibar, D. P., Vasquez, A. A., Renteria, M. E., Toro, R., Jahanshad, N., Schumann, G., et al. (2014) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5 · Cited by 838
“In a recent GWAS analysis, Holmes et al. (2012) showed high reliability for automated brain volumes of hippocampus ( r =.98), amygdala ( r =.91), and intracranial volume ( r =.99) for a cohort of data collected across investigators and matched scanners.”
Self-citationResearch Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits
Wray, N. R., Lee, S., Mehta, D., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Dudbridge, F., & Middeldorp, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12295 · Cited by 683
Belleau, E. L., Treadway, M. T., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.031 · Cited by 550
Holmes, A. J., Hollinshead, M. O., O’Keefe, T. M., Petrov, V. I., Fariello, G., Wald, L. L., Fischl, B. R., Rosen, B. R., Mair, R. W., Roffman, J. L., et al. (2015) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.31 · Cited by 443
Self-citation50 years of hurdles and hope in anxiolytic drug discovery
Griebel, G., & Holmes, A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4075 · Cited by 430
Self-citationTreadway, M. T., Waskom, M. L., Dillon, D. G., Holmes, A. J., Park, M. T. M., Chakravarty, M. M., Dutra, S. J., Polli, F. E., Iosifescu, D. V., Fava, M., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.018 · Cited by 331
“Consistent with this latter interpretation, similar patterns of cortical thinning in mPFC have been observed in individuals with no history of depression with elevated polygenic risk for MDD (24).”
Self-citationPrenatal maternal depression alters amygdala functional connectivity in 6-month-old infants
Qiu, A., Anh, T. T., Li, Y., Chen, H., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Broekman, B. F. P., Kwek, K., Saw, S.-M., Chong, Y.-S., Gluckman, P. D., et al. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.3 · Cited by 282
Fast and sequence-adaptive whole-brain segmentation using parametric Bayesian modeling
Puonti, O., Iglesias, J. E., & Leemput, K. V. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.011 · Cited by 255
“The fourth and fi nal test dataset consists of 40 healthy subjects scanned at two different time points at different facilities, with scan intervals ranging from 2 days to six months, amounting to a total of 80 T1-and T2-weighted scans for the whole dataset (Holmes et al., 2012).”
BackgroundQin, S., Young, C. B., Duan, X., Chen, T., Supekar, K., & Menon, V. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.006 · Cited by 249
“Altogether, our findings suggest that amygdala hyperconnectivity in anxious children has a neuroanatomical profile similar to those seen in adults with high anxiety (17,18) or anxiety disorders (39,46).”
BackgroundResultCarlucci, L., Saggino, A., & Balsamo, M. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101999 · Cited by 234
Early-life adversity and brain development: Is the microbiome a missing piece of the puzzle?
O’Mahony, S. M., Clarke, G., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.068 · Cited by 203
A Cybernetic Theory of Psychopathology
DeYoung, C. G., & Krueger, R. F. (2018) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2018.1513680 · Cited by 208
“These structures have also been implicated in internalizing disorders (Holmes et al., 2012; Shackman et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPolygenic risk of Alzheimer disease is associated with early- and late-life processes
Mormino, E. C., Sperling, R. A., Holmes, A. J., Buckner, R. L., Jager, P. L. D., Smoller, J. W., Sabuncu, M. R., Initiative, A. D. N., Initiative, A. D. N., Weiner, M. W., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002922 · Cited by 174
“Acquisition and processing of structural MRI scans have been described previously.19,24 A longitudinal Freesurfer version 4.3 pipeline was used to extract hippocampus volume (HV) for ADNI1, while a crosssectional Freesurfer version 4.5 pipeline was used for GSP. HV was adjusted by total intracranial volume and additio…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationSurface-based morphometry reveals the neuroanatomical basis of the five-factor model of personality
Riccelli, R., Toschi, N., Nigro, S. L., Terracciano, A., & Passamonti, L. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw175 · Cited by 194
“…hypotheses (based on previous relevant studies) was that neuroticism should be associated with individual differences in SBM measures in PFC and temporal areas (Holmes et al., 2012; Bjornebekk et al., 2013), while extraversion should correlate with SBM metrics in the PFC (Bjornebekk et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDubois, J., Galdi, P., Han, Y., Paul, L. K., & Adolphs, R. (2018) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2018.8 · Cited by 170
Bullis, J. R., Boettcher, H., Sauer‐Zavala, S., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12278 · Cited by 216
“, 2003), and further bolstered by affective neuroscience, which has demonstrated similar functional and structural abnormalities across these disorders in brain areas that are associated with elevated levels of negative affect (Etkin & Wager, 2007; Holmes et al., 2012; Shin & Liberzon, 2010).”
BackgroundResultConvergent molecular, cellular, and cortical neuroimaging signatures of major depressive disorder
Anderson, K. M., Collins, M. A., Kong, R., Fang, K., Li, J., He, T., Chekroud, A. M., Yeo, B. T. T., & Holmes, A. J. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2008004117 · Cited by 173
Self-citationImaging Genetics and Genomics in Psychiatry: A Critical Review of Progress and Potential
Bogdan, R., Salmeron, B. J., Carey, C. E., Arpana Agrawal, A., Calhoun, V. D., Garavan, H., Hariri, A. R., Heinz, A., Hill, M. N., Holmes, A., et al. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.030 · Cited by 174
“For example, depression PRSs are associated with reduced ventromedial prefrontal cortex thickness, which is associated with negative affect (18).”
Self-citationGray matter myelination of 1555 human brains using partial volume corrected MRI images
Shafee, R., Buckner, R. L., & Fischl, B. R. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.054 · Cited by 158
“edu/gsp) and subsets of the data have been published previously (e.g., Yeo et al., 2011; Holmes et al., 2012).”
Self-citationHolmes, A. J., Hollinshead, M. O., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., & Buckner, R. L. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3206-15.2016 · Cited by 169
“When considered in the context of our recent observation in the same sample that amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit anatomy predicts negative affect (Holmes et al., 2012), the collective findings demonstrate that multiple behavioral traits selectively associate with anatomical variability in distinct brain syst…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnderson, K. M., Collins, M. A., Chin, R., Ge, T., Rosenberg, M. D., & Holmes, A. J. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16710-x · Cited by 123
Self-citationThe Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 148
From Stress to Anhedonia: Molecular Processes through Functional Circuits
Stanton, C. H., Holmes, A. J., Chang, S. W. C., & Joormann, J. (2018) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.008 · Cited by 128
Self-citationPersonality Neuroscience and the Five Factor Model
Allen, T. A., & DeYoung, C. G. (2016) · Oxford Handbooks Online · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.26 · Cited by 143
Qiu, A., Shen, M., Buß, C., Chong, Y. S., Kwek, K. Y. C., Saw, S., Gluckman, P. D., Wadhwa, P. D., Entringer, S., Styner, M. A., et al. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx065 · Cited by 123
“For example, a higher GPRSMDD associates with cortical thinning in the medial prefrontal cortex (Holmes et al. 2012), a region strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of depression (Kupfer et al. 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialInsecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood
Moutsiana, C., Johnstone, T., Murray, L., Fearon, P., Cooper, P. J., Pliatsikas, C., Goodyer, I., & Halligan, S. L. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12317 · Cited by 112
The default mode network and rumination in individuals at risk for depression
Chou, T., Deckersbach, T., Dougherty, D. D., & Hooley, J. M. (2023) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsad032 · Cited by 126
“At the same time, Holmes et al. (2012) found that controlling for family history of psychiatric disorders did not change the reduced MPFC cortical thickness findings in high negative affect individuals.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKatz, B. A., Matanky, K., Aviram, G., & Yovel, I. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101842 · Cited by 109
Reus, L. M., Shen, X., Gibson, J., Wigmore, E. M., Ligthart, L., Adams, M. J., Davies, G., Cox, S. R., Hagenaars, S. P., Bastin, M. E., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42140 · Cited by 98
McNaughton, N., DeYoung, C. G., & Corr, P. J. (2016) · Neuroimaging Personality, Social Cognition, and Character · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800935-2.00002-6 · Cited by 123
The Neuropsychology of Anxiety
McNaughton, N., & Gray, J. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198843313.001.0001 · Cited by 99
The Myth of Optimality in Clinical Neuroscience
Holmes, A. J., & Patrick, L. M. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.12.006 · Cited by 89
Self-citationGut microbiota and central nervous system development
Principi, N., & Esposito, S. (2016) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2016.09.010 · Cited by 92
Mincic, A. M. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.007 · Cited by 96
Multidimensional heritability analysis of neuroanatomical shape
Ge, T., Reuter, M., Winkler, A. M., Holmes, A. J., Lee, P. H., Tirrell, L. S., Roffman, J. L., Buckner, R. L., Smoller, J. W., & Sabuncu, M. R. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13291 · Cited by 76
“Second, using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SNP data from 1,320 unrelated individuals collected as part of the Harvard/Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Brain Genomics Superstruct Project (GSP) [36, 37], we present the first comprehensive heritability analysis of the shape of an ensemble of brain…”
MethodSelf-citationPolygenic risk scores in imaging genetics: Usefulness and applications
Dima, D., & Breen, G. D. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115584470 · Cited by 88
“Lastly, a study found an association between the PRS for major depressive disorder and reduced cortical thickness in the left amygdala-medial prefrontal circuitry in healthy young adults (Holmes et al., 2012).”
BackgroundTemperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 95
Wang, L., Zhao, Y., Edmiston, E. K., Womer, F. Y., Zhang, R., Zhao, P., Jiang, X., Wu, F., Kong, L., Zhou, Y., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00923 · Cited by 81
Massively expedited genome-wide heritability analysis (MEGHA)
Ge, T., Nichols, T. E., Lee, P. H., Holmes, A. J., Roffman, J. L., Buckner, R. L., Sabuncu, M. R., & Smoller, J. W. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1415603112 · Cited by 72
“As a demonstration of application, MEGHA was applied to brain structural MRI and genome-wide SNP data from 1,320 unrelated subjects, as part of the Harvard/Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Brain Genomics Superstruct Project (GSP) (16).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationPartitioning heritability analysis reveals a shared genetic basis of brain anatomy and schizophrenia
Lee, P. H., Baker, J. T., Holmes, A. J., Jahanshad, N., Ge, T., Jung, J. Y., Cruz, Y., Manoach, D. S., Hibar, D. P., Faskowitz, J., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.164 · Cited by 72
“Polygenic scoring analysis(11) has been widely used in recent neuroimaging genetics work(14, 15, 17, 33, 70).”
Self-citationPearson‐Fuhrhop, K. M., Dunn, E. C., Mortero, S., Devan, W. J., Falcone, G. J., Lee, P., Holmes, A. J., Hollinshead, M. O., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093772 · Cited by 81
“The ChunkChromosome program was used to split each chromosome into 10 pieces, for which all GSP participants were imputed as one batch.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationSmoller, J. W., Gallagher, P., Duncan, L. E., McGrath, L. M., Haddad, S. A., Holmes, A. J., Wolf, A. B., Hilker, S., Block, S. R., Weill, S. R., et al. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.018 · Cited by 81
“In light of this evidence and several prior studies showing that increased proneness to anxiety is associated with increased amygdala volume in healthy volunteers (9,24,25), we examined the association between amygdala volume and variation in ACCN2.”
InfluentialSelf-citationSprangers, M. A. G., Thong, M. S. Y., Bartels, M., Barsevick, A. M., Ordoñana, J. R., Shi, Q., Wang, X. S., Klepstad, P., Wierenga, E. A., Singh, J. A., et al. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0656-1 · Cited by 78
“Serotonergic synapse 5-HTT (SLC6A4) Pain [46, 51, 52, 73]”
BackgroundInfluentialPerez, D. L., Williams, B., Matin, N., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., Costumero, V., Fricchione, G. L., Sepulcre, J., Keshavan, M. S., & Dickerson, B. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316359 · Cited by 77
Treadway, M. T., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014) · Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1186/2045-5380-4-5 · Cited by 79
“This has been observed using both genome-wide analysis [14] and examinations of non-depressed individuals with a family history of MDD [15,16], consistent with the hypothesis that these structural decreases likely reflect an endophenotype marker [17].”
How to produce personality neuroscience research with high statistical power and low additional cost
Mar, R. A., Spreng, R. N., & DeYoung, C. G. (2013) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-013-0202-6 · Cited by 78
“…2010; Hu et al., 2011; Kapogiannis, Sutin, Davatzikos, Costa, & Resnick, 2012), empathy and social cognition (Banissy, Kanai, Walsh, & Rees, 2012; Holmes et al., 2012; cf. Mills, Lalonde, Clasen, Giedd, & Blakemore, 2012), self-reported social network size (Bickart, Wright, Dautoff, Dickerson, &…”
Dolcos, S. M., Hu, Y., Iordan, A. D., Moore, M., & Dolcos, F. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv106 · Cited by 79
Smith, C. M., Walker, A. W., Hosken, I. T., Chua, B. E., Zhang, C., Haidar, M., & Gundlach, A. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00046 · Cited by 69
Santoro, M. L., Ota, V., de Jong, S., Noto, C. D. S., Spíndola, L., Talarico, F., Gouvêa, E. S., Lee, S. H., Moretti, P. N. S., Curtis, C. J. C., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0230-7 · Cited by 66
Lifespan anxiety is reflected in human amygdala cortical connectivity
He, Y., Xu, T., Zhang, W., & Zuo, X. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23094 · Cited by 62
“Healthy children and adults with higher anxiety levels tend to have a larger amygdala [Baur et al., 2012; Holmes et al., 2012; Qin et al., 2014].”
BackgroundHemispheric specialization in affective responses, cerebral dominance for language, and handedness
Costanzo, E. Y., Villarreal, M. F., Drucaroff, L. J., Ortiz-Villafañe, M., Castro, M. N., Goldschmidt, M., Wainsztein, A., Ladrón-de-Guevara, M. S., Romero, C., Brusco, L. I., et al. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.006 · Cited by 63
Huang, L., Song, Y., Li, J., Zhen, Z., Yang, Z., & Jia Liu, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00483 · Cited by 57
Disorders and borders: Psychiatric genetics and nosology
Smoller, J. W. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32174 · Cited by 68
“functional MRI [Holmes et al., 2012] with a focus on neural and behavioral indices of negative affectivity, a quantitative dimension that is believed to underlie a range of anxiety disorders and depression [Clark et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNikolova, Y. S., Misquitta, K. A., Rocco, B. R., Prévot, T. D., Knodt, A. R., Ellegood, J., Voineskos, A. N., Lerch, J. P., Hariri, A. R., Sibille, E. L., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0083-5 · Cited by 52
Liu, B., Zhang, X., Cui, Y. J., Qin, W., Tao, Y., Li, J., Yu, C., & Jiang, T. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw051 · Cited by 56
Larger amygdala volume in first-degree relatives of patients with major depression
Romanczuk‐Seiferth, N., Pöhland, L., Mohnke, S., Garbusow, M., Erk, S., Haddad, L., Grimm, O., Tost, H., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Walter, H., et al. (2014) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.05.015 · Cited by 57
Pearson, R., McGeary, J. E., & Beevers, C. G. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.041 · Cited by 59
“Future work may consider investigating a larger number of polymorphisms and using more sophisticated statistical modeling of the genetic effects (e.g., Holmes et al., 2012).”
Social support, stress and the aging brain
Sherman, S. M., Cheng, Y., Fingerman, K. L., & Schnyer, D. M. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv071 · Cited by 68
Thijssen, S., Collins, P. F., & Luciana, M. M. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000580 · Cited by 50
“…9.609 <.001 Sex –0.507 0.017 –29.495 <.001 Race 0.141 0.021 6.695 <.001 aDirect effect. bIndirect effect Step 2. cIndirect effect Step 1. emotional problems (Holmes et al., 2012), the co-occurrence of accelerated pubertal and amygdala–mPFC circuit development in girls specifically may be able to…”
InfluentialAlbaugh, M. D., Nguyen, T.-V., Ducharme, S., Collins, D., Botteron, K., D'Alberto, N., Evans, A. C., Karama, S., & Hudziak, J. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.02.002 · Cited by 55
Enhancing the Informativeness and Replicability of Imaging Genomics Studies
Carter, C. S., Bearden, C. E., Bullmore, E. T., Geschwind, D. H., Glahn, D. C., Gur, R. E., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.019 · Cited by 56
“Advanced high-throughput image processing and automated segmentation methods were developed and demonstrated high intra- and inter scanner reliability of measuring brain volumes in multiple structures (22, 23).”
MethodFunctional Connectome of the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Toschi, N., Riccelli, R., Indovina, I., Terracciano, A., & Passamonti, L. (2018) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2017.2 · Cited by 52
“Several factors may explain the inconsistences across previous findings, including the use of different analytic approaches and the fact that most of the earlier studies, with some notable exceptions (Bjornebekk et al., 2013; Holmes et al., 2012; Nostro, Muller, Reid, & Eickhoff, 2016; Riccelli, Toschi, Nigro, Terracc…”
ResultSudheer, S. M., Gangwar, P., Usmani, Z., Sharma, M., Sharma, V. K., Sana, S. S., Almeida, F. B. D. R., Dubey, N. K., Singh, D. P., Dilbaghi, N., et al. (2021) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.010 · Cited by 50
Neuroimaging genomics in psychiatry—a translational approach
Mufford, M. S., Stein, D. J., Dalvie, S., Groenewold, N. A., Thompson, P. M., & Jahanshad, N. (2017) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0496-z · Cited by 55
“For example, PRS for major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 18,749) has been associated with reduced cortical thickness in the left amygdala-medial prefrontal circuitry among healthy individuals (n = 438) of European descent [114].”
BackgroundPolygenic Risk of Spasmodic Dysphonia is Associated With Vulnerable Sensorimotor Connectivity
Putzel, G., Battistella, G., Rumbach, A. F., Ozelius, L. J., Sabuncu, M. R., & Simonyan, K. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw363 · Cited by 53
Regulating emotion to improve physical health through the amygdala
Song, Y., Lu, H., Hu, S., Xu, M., Li, X., & Liu, J. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu083 · Cited by 60
“…MRI studies indicate the amygdala as a core component in the neural circuit of emotion processing (Davis and Whalen, 2001; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Holmes et al., 2012) and emotion regulation (Tottenham et al., 2010; Ochsner et al., 2012), and (ii) the amygdala is critical in regulating…”
Hay, R. E., Reynolds, J. E., Grohs, M. N., Paniukov, D., Giesbrecht, G. F., Letourneau, N. L., Dewey, D., & Lebel, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0481-20.2020 · Cited by 54
“, 2019), vulnerability to depression (van Eijndhoven et al., 2009; Price and Drevets, 2010; Holmes et al., 2012; Malykhin et al., 2012), anxiety, and increased stress reactivity (Prater et al.”
BackgroundFox, E., & Beevers, C. G. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.114 · Cited by 58
Toward Robust Anxiety Biomarkers: A Machine Learning Approach in a Large-Scale Sample
Boeke, E. A., Holmes, A. J., & Phelps, E. A. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.018 · Cited by 50
“The composite anxiety score was derived [following Holmes et al. (65)] by z -scoring each of these 4 scales across participants and taking the mean of these 4 z -scores per participant.”
MethodSelf-citationBrain structural alterations associated with young women with subthreshold depression
Li, H., Wei, D., Sun, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep09707 · Cited by 48
Genetic Moderation of Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Circuitry
Bogdan, R., Pagliaccio, D., Baranger, D. A. A., & Hariri, A. R. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.216 · Cited by 53
“…of large-scale studies (Bogdan et al, 2012b; Holmes et al, 2015; Nikolova et al, 2012; Schumann et al, 2010), multisite data pooling protocols (Barch et al, 2013; Holmes et al, 2012), and data sharing networks (Thompson et al, 2014) in an effort to increase power to detect small effects.”
BackgroundNeurotic Individuals are not Creative Thinkers
Pickering, A. D., Smillie, L. D., & DeYoung, C. G. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.001 · Cited by 46
“Moreover, there is a larger and more consistent literature showing that neuroticism is linked with other brain structures, including the amygdala and insula [8,12].”
BackgroundLinking personality and brain anatomy: a structural MRI approach to Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Adrián‐Ventura, J., Costumero, V., Parcet, M. A., & Ávila, C. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz011 · Cited by 53
“Furthermore, in a study conducted in a large sample (Holmes et al., 2012), the authors reported a GM increase in the amygdala associated with scores on a customized scale based on behavioral inhibition and trait negative affect measures.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialInterfacing neural constructs with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology : ‘Why' and ‘how'
Perkins, E. R., Latzman, R. D., & Patrick, C. J. (2019) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1460 · Cited by 43
Amygdala responses to salient social cues vary with oxytocin receptor genotype in youth
Marusak, H. A., Furman, D. J., Kuruvadi, N., Shattuck, D. W., Joshi, S. H., Joshi, A. A., Etkin, A., & Thomason, M. E. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.015 · Cited by 47
“Consistent with this notion, adult (Inoue et al., 2010) and adolescent (Furman et al., 2011) carriers of the rs2254298 OXTR A-allele variant are reported to have increased amygdala volume, a neural marker thought to confer elevated emotional reactivity and anxiety (Holmes et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPolygenic risk for depression and the neural correlates of working memory in healthy subjects
Yüksel, D., Dietsche, B., Forstner, A. J., Witt, S. H., Maier, R., Rietschel, M., Konrad, C., Nöthen, M. M., Dannlowski, U., Baune, B. T., et al. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.010 · Cited by 44
“To our knowledge only very few investigations combined neuroimaging data and PRS for depression (Holmes et al., 2012; Whalley et al., 2013), but none of them used functional MRI data, and particularly did not probe cognitive functions such as WM.”
Hyde, L. W. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000188 · Cited by 48
“…new methodology to be developed or the application of previously used quantitative approaches to quantitatively combine multiple interacting genetic variants (e.g., Bentley et al., 2013; Gruenewald, Seeman, Ryff, Karlamangla, & Singer, 2006; Hizer, Wright, & Garcia, 2004; Holmes et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodPolygenic risk score: use in migraine research
Chalmer, M. A., Esserlind, A.-L., Olesen, J., & Hansen, T. F. (2018) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-018-0856-0 · Cited by 40
Cattarinussi, G., Delvecchio, G., Sambataro, F., & Brambilla, P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.007 · Cited by 44
Big five personality traits and problematic mobile phone use: A meta-analytic review
Gao, L., Zhai, S., Xie, H., Liu, Q., Niu, G., & Zhou, Z. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00817-x · Cited by 48
“Thus, there may exist some neurobiological substrates of neuroticism and conscientiousness (e.g., diverse volumes of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex; Holmes et al., 2012; Kapogiannis, Sutin, Davatzikos, Costa, & Resnick, 2013) that are prone to addiction.”
BackgroundThe Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Regulating Social Familiarity-Induced Anxiolysis
Lungwitz, E. A., Stuber, G. D., Johnson, P. L., Dietrich, A. D., Schartz, N. D., Hanrahan, B., Shekhar, A., & Truitt, W. A. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.302 · Cited by 39
“Thickness of the (v)mPFC is associated with social functioning and ability to correctly interpret emotion from social cues (Holmes et al, 2012).”
BackgroundAmygdala volume and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to social stress
Barry, T. J., Murray, L., Fearon, P. R. M., Moutsiana, C., Johnstone, T., & Halligan, S. L. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.487 · Cited by 39
“…a central role in emotional processing and responding, and, correspondingly, studies have linked greater amygdala volumes with negative affectivity (Holmes et al., 2012), sensitivity to negative experiences (Barros-Loscertales et al., 2006; Gerritsen et al., 2012), and elevated anxiety (Baur et…”
BackgroundStructural and functional brain abnormalities in misophonia
Eijsker, N., Schröder, A., Smit, D. J. A., van Wingen, G. A., & Denys, D. A. J. P. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.013 · Cited by 41
Birnbaum, R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2013) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.3/rbirnbaum · Cited by 36
“Using risk scores derived from large MDD GWAS analyses, an MDD polygenic score was found to be associated with reduced cortical thickness in the left medial prefrontal cortex, a structural variation that is believed to influence vulnerability to MDD.(79) In a third study, increasing polygenic risk allele load for bipo…”
MethodFerschmann, L., Fjell, A. M., Vollrath, M. E., Grydeland, H., Walhovd, K. B., & Tamnes, C. K. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13016 · Cited by 32
Marečková, K., Holsen, L. M., Admon, R., Makris, N., Seidman, L. J., Buka, S. L., Whitfield, S., & Goldstein, J. M. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23271 · Cited by 30
“…the r 3740 r hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis [Dedovic et al., 2009] and affect regulation [Mayberg, 1997; Price and Drevets, 2010], with previous evidence of an association between negative affect and increased AMYG volume in a large sample of healthy young adults [Holmes et al., 2012].”
BackgroundInfluentialTouroutoglou, A., Bickart, K. C., Barrett, L. F., & Dickerson, B. C. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22552 · Cited by 35
“Recent studies, however, suggest that variation in the amygdala volume and its anatomical coupling to medial prefrontal cortex also relate to individual differences in negative affect [Holmes et al., 2012; Kim and Whalen, 2009].”
Widespread associations between trait conscientiousness and thickness of brain cortical regions
Lewis, G. J., Dickie, D. A., Cox, S. R., Karama, S., Evans, A. C., Starr, J. M., Bastin, M. E., Wardlaw, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.033 · Cited by 33
“Negative associations have been noted with cortical thickness in left medial prefrontal cortex (Holmes et al., 2012), with surface area in bilateral middle temporal cortex, left rostral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, left cuneus, right superior parietal cortex, right frontal pole (Riccelli et…”
BackgroundResultSubgenual Cingulum Microstructure Supports Control of Emotional Conflict
Keedwell, P. A., Doidge, A. N., Meyer, M., Lawrence, N., Lawrence, A. D., & Jones, D. K. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw030 · Cited by 34
“In particular, risk for depression has been linked to altered functioning of a neural circuit encompassing the amygdala and regions of the ventral-rostral (pregenual– subgenual) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (Pezawas et al. 2005; Holmes et al. 2012).”
BackgroundWebb, C. A., Olson, E. A., Killgore, W. D. S., Pizzagalli, D. A., Rauch, S. L., & Rosso, I. M. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.08.005 · Cited by 34
“, for resting-state fMRI), morphometric results derived from structural MRI studies are likely to be relatively temporally stable and may thus provide greater insight into traitlike predictors of treatment response (37,38).”
Ben‐Eliyahu, A., & Zeidner, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.041 · Cited by 33
Ferrari, C., Vecchi, T., Todorov, A. T., & Cattaneo, Z. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0419-2 · Cited by 32
“…of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 4 Department of Psychology, University of Milano–Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy et al., 2007) or depression (Foland-Ross et al., 2014; Holmes et al., 2012; Thoma, Norra, Juckel, Suchan, & Bellebaum, 2015).”
Coombs, G., Loggia, M. L., Greve, D. N., & Holt, D. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097466 · Cited by 29
“This association may have other structural manifestations; for instance, negative affect levels have been correlated with increased amygdala volumes and decreased thickness of the left subgenual and rostral anterior cingulate cortices in healthy young adults [59].”
BackgroundReplication in Imaging Genetics: The Case of Threat-Related Amygdala Reactivity
Avinun, R., Nevo, A., Knodt, A. R., Elliott, M. L., & Hariri, A. R. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.010 · Cited by 25
Salience Network Connectivity Modulates Skin Conductance Responses in Predicting Arousal Experience
Xia, C., Touroutoglou, A., Quigley, K. S., Barrett, L. F., & Dickerson, B. C. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01087 · Cited by 34
“, 2014) or the structural integrity of regions within the salience network (e.g., amygdala and medial pFC; Holmes et al., 2012; Kim & Whalen, 2009).”
Liu, M., Liu, X., Hildebrandt, A., & Zhou, C. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgaa015 · Cited by 25
The neural correlates of flow experience explored with transcranial direct current stimulation
Martin, U., Niemann, J., Boland, M., Kammer, T., Niemann, F., & Grön, G. (2018) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5378-0 · Cited by 31
BDNF-Dependent Effects on Amygdala–Cortical Circuitry and Depression Risk in Children and Youth
Wheeler, A. L., Felsky, D., Viviano, J. D., Stojanovski, S., Ameis, S. H., Szatmári, P., Lerch, J. P., Chakravarty, M. M., & Voineskos, A. N. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx086 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Holmes, A. J., Lee, P. H., Hollinshead, M. O., Bakst, L., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., & Buckner, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-12-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 18087-18100
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3674506
- OpenAlex
- W2121184942
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Simons Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH079799, U01MH085520, MH085520, K01MH099232, K24MH094614)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, trait negative affect, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala volume, cortical thickness, social cognition, facial emotion recognition, major depressive disorder, polygenic risk, genetic heterogeneity, individual differences, healthy young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala, Depression, Emotions, Female, Genotype, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Prefrontal Cortex, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult
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