On the efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Carlucci, Leonardo; Saggino, Aristide; Balsamo, Michela

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101999

Cited by 241Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

On the efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Carlucci, Leonardo, Saggino, Aristide, Balsamo, Michela·2021·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101999

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Abstract

In recent years a large array of treatment protocols conceptualized as transdiagnostic have been developed with clinical and practical advantages compared to traditional single-disorder protocols. Within this panorama, the Transdiagnostic Unified Protocol (UP) of Emotional Disorders was developed aimed at treating the negative affective processes underlying several diagnostic categories, and accounting for the covariance of different emotional disorders. The UP has been found to efficiently target the roots of these disorders leading to a reduction in symptoms of co-occurring disorders. However, several questions have marginally addressed in the previous studies, and some UP features still remain unexplored. The present meta-analysis aims at evaluating whether the UP results to significant changes in anxiety and depression symptoms severity in children, adolescents, and adults. 19 RCTs and 13 uncontrolled pre-post trials comprising 2183 patients/clients met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Large to moderate combined overall effect size for both depression plus anxiety were detected in the uncontrolled pre-post studies (g = 0.756) and in RTCs studies (g = 0.452), respectively. Large effect size at pre-treatment to 3-6-month follow-up was observed for combined depression plus anxiety (g = 1.113). Subgroup analysis suggested that UP treatment does not differ across the anxiety and depression self-report measures. Moreover, UP intervention outperformed both passive and active control conditions to treat negative affective syndromes. Meta-regression confirmed the moderate effects of therapist level of experience, the sample characteristics, and the UP-protocol adaptations. The findings indicate that the manualized UP treatment has potential to contribute to improving mental health outcomes, particularly of anxiety and depression.

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In this meta-analysis, findings were substantially stronger at follow-up in the 12 RCTs for which follow-up data were available (between-groups g = 1.13).
“findings were substantially stronger at follow-up in the 12 RCTs for which follow-up data were available (between-groups g = 1.13).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
In a meta-analysis of 19 randomized trials, there was a medium effect of the UP on pooled anxiety and depression symptoms from pre- to post-treatment (between-groups Hedges' g = .45).
“In a meta-analysis of 19 randomized trials (32), there was a medium effect of the UP on pooled anxiety and depression symptoms from pre- to post-treatment (between-groups Hedges' g = .45).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
A growing evidence base supports the utility of the UP for improving emotional and emotion-adjacent symptoms, including anxiety, depression, anger, substance misuse, self-injury, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and trauma-related symptoms.
“A growing evidence base supports the utility of the UP for improving emotional and emotion-adjacent symptoms, including anxiety, depression, anger, substance misuse, self-injury, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and trauma-related symptoms (26, 31–37).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis evidence that the UP could help to manage EDs in the general population.
“Recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis evidence that the UP could help to manage EDs in the general population (Sakiris and Berle, 2019; Cassiello-Robbins et al., 2020; Carlucci et al., 2021; Longley and Gleiser, 2023) and also in individuals with comorbid medical conditions such as those living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), cancer, chronic pain or multiple sclerosis, among others”
From Unified Protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with post COVID-19 condition: study protocol for a multiple baseline n-of-1 trial (2023) · cites this paper as Carlucci et al., 2021
Three systematic reviews, with two meta-analyses, reveal that the unified protocol significantly improves anxious and depressive symptoms with moderate to large effect sizes.
“Three systematic reviews, with two meta-analyses, have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the UP. These reviews reveal that the UP significantly improves anxious and depressive symptoms with moderate to large effect sizes [51, 52].”
From Effectiveness and mediators of change of an online CBT intervention for students with adjustment disorder—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as [51]

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Transdiagnostic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Anxiety With the Unified Protocol
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Limitations of Randomized Control Designs in Psychotherapy Research
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Experiential Avoidance as a Mechanism of Change Across Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Participants with Heterogeneous Anxiety Disorders
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The outcome of short- and long-term psychotherapy 10 years after start of treatment
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Development and Application of an Innovative Transdiagnostic Treatment Approach for Pediatric Irritability
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Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Efficacy
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Osma, J., Suso‐Ribera, C., García‐Palacios, A., Crespo-Delgado, E., Robert-Flor, C., Sánchez-Guerrero, A. R., Ferreres-Galán, V., Pérez-Ayerra, L., Malea-Fernández, A., & Torres-Alfosea, M. Á. (2018) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0866-2 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Emotion regulation as the mediator of reductions in anxiety and depression in the Unified Protocol (UP) for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: double-blind randomized clinical trial
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Feasibility of an Emotion Regulation Intervention to Improve Mental Health and Reduce HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors for HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Men with Sexual Compulsivity
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Treating depressive disorders with the Unified Protocol: A preliminary randomized evaluation
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Credibility and Outcome Expectancy in the Unified Protocol: Relationship to Outcomes
Thompson‐Hollands, J., Bentley, K. H., Gallagher, M. W., Boswell, J. F., & Barlow, D. H. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.033712 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Universal Prevention of Anxiety and Depression in a Recreational Camp Setting: An Initial Open Trial
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Comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with standard care for women with fear of birth: Randomized controlled trial
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Augmenting the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders with transcranial direct current stimulation in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depression: A randomized controlled trial.
Nasiri, F., Mashhadi, A., Bigdeli, I., Chamanabad, A. G., & Ellard, K. K. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.064 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A New CBT Model of Panic Attack Treatment in Comorbid Heart Diseases (PATCHD): How to Calm an Anxious Heart and Mind
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Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents
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Readiness to change as a moderator of outcome in transdiagnostic treatment
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Applying a Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment to Adolescents at High Risk for Serious Mental Illness: Rationale and Preliminary Findings
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Reductions in transdiagnostic factors as the potential mechanisms of change in treatment outcomes in the Unified Protocol: A randomized clinical trial
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Anxiety Symptom Focus in Sessions of Cognitive Therapy for Depression
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Expectancies, Working Alliance, and Outcome in Transdiagnostic and Single Diagnosis Treatment for Anxiety Disorders: An Investigation of Mediation
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Changes in positive affect in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders
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Empirically Supported Common Factors
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Trajectories of Change and Intermediate Indicators of Non-Response to Transdiagnostic Treatment for Children and Adolescents
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Improved quality of life and reduced depressive symptoms in medical students after a single-session intervention
Bermudez, M. B., Costanzi, M., Macedo, M. J. A., Tatton-Ramos, T., Xavier, A. C. M., Ferrão, Y. A., Bentley, K. H., Manfro, G. G., & Dreher, C. B. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0526 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Personalized Psychotherapy for Outpatients with Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Transdiagnostic Versus Diagnosis-Specific Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
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Therapist and Clinic Effects in Psychotherapy: A Three-Level Model of Outcome Variability
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Predicting and Moderating the Response to the Unified Protocol: Do Baseline Personality and Affective Profiles Matter?
Osma, J., Péris-Baquero, Ó., Suso‐Ribera, C., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., & Barlow, D. H. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10208-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A Preventive Intervention to Modify Depression Risk Targets after Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Design and Single-Arm Pilot Study
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Recent advances in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Antony, M. (2011) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0022237 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A pilot study of a brief group adaptation of the Unified Protocol in integrated primary care.
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Transdiagnostic Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in a Group Format Based on the Principles of the Unified Protocol: a Preliminary Intensive Measurement Examination of Process and Outcome
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Comparing the Effectiveness of the Unified Protocol Transdiagnostic and Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program on Anxiety and Depression in Infertile Women Receiving In Vitro Fertilisation
Mousavi, E., Hosseini, S., Bakhtiyari, M., Mohammadi, A., Isfeedvajani, M. S., Arani, A. M., & Sadaat, S. H. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of a Transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention on Anxiety and Depression Among Workers in Japan
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Investigating the mediational role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and its components in reducing symptoms of emotional disorders: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
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Health psychology attendance: A multilevel analysis of patient-level predictors and therapist effects.
Firth, N., Bone, C., & Holt, R. (2020) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001021 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Therapy (UP-C) with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Depression Anxiety Symptoms in Child Workers: ''Child Labour"
Ebrahimi, L. S., Isfeedvajani, M. S., Mohammadi, A., Ghasemzadeh, S., Arani, A. M., & Saadat, S. H. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Performance Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women
Khanpaye, A., Madmoli, Y., Riahipour, B., Mohebifar, M., Madmoli, M., Mahmoodi, R., Shirmardi, S., & Yousefi, N. (2019) · Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science · Cited by 2 · see citing works

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Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes
Lam, R. W. M., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, G. C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E. M., Chakrabarty, T., et al. (2024) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437241245384 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Management of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Andersen, B. L., Lacchetti, C., Ashing, K., Berek, J. S., Berman, B. S., Bolte, S., Dizon, D. S., Given, B., Nekhlyudov, L., Pirl, W., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.23.00293 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in psychiatric practice and research
Kotov, R., Cicero, D. C., Conway, C., DeYoung, C. G., Dombrovski, A. Y., Eaton, N. R., First, M. B., Forbes, M. K., Hyman, S. E., Jonas, K. G., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001301 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on symptom domains in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review and cross-diagnostic meta-analysis
Kan, R. L. D., Padberg, F., Giron, C. G., Lin, T. T. Z., Zhang, B. B. B., Brunoni, A. R., & Kranz, G. S. (2023) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00026-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Treatment of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and callous‐unemotional traits: a systematic review and two multilevel meta‐analyses
Perlstein, S., Fair, M., Hong, E., & Waller, R. E. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13774 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Toward a Unified Framework for Positive Psychology Interventions: Evidence-Based Processes of Change in Coaching, Prevention, and Training
Ciarrochi, J., Hayes, S. C., Oades, L. G., & Hofmann, S. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.809362 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
A systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapies for emotional disorders
Schaeuffele, C., Meine, L. E., Schulz, A., Weber, M. C., Moser, A., Paersch, C., Recher, D., Boettcher, J., Renneberg, B., Flückiger, C., et al. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01787-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders among treatment-seeking elite athletes and high-performance coaches
Åkesdotter, C., Kenttä, G., Eloranta, S., Håkansson, A., & Franck, J. (2022) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001264 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Patterns of childhood maltreatment predict emotion processing and regulation in emerging adulthood
Warmingham, J. M., Duprey, E. B., Handley, E. D., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000025 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic cognitive process
Moulds, M. L., & McEvoy, P. M. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00399-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
State of the Science: The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders
Farchione, T. J., Long, L. J., Spencer-Laitt, D., Moreno-Villamizar, J. D., & Barlow, D. H. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Development of “LvL UP 1.0”: a smartphone-based, conversational agent-delivered holistic lifestyle intervention for the prevention of non-communicable diseases and common mental disorders
Castro, Ó., Mair, J. L., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., Alattas, A., Keller, R., Zheng, S., Jabir, A. I., Lin, X., Frese, B. F., Lim, C. S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2023.1039171 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Online Self-Help Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress: Serial Mediating Effects of Mindfulness and Experiential Avoidance
Li, Y., Zhang, A. J., Meng, Y., Hofmann, S. G., Zhou, A. Y., & Liu, X. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02083-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of a Contextual Adaptation of the Unified Protocol in Multiple Emotional Disorders in Individuals Exposed to Armed Conflict in Colombia
Castro-Camacho, L., Barlow, D. H., Mejía, N. G., Farchione, T. J., Idrobo, F., Rattner, M., Quant, D. M., González, L., & Moreno-Villamizar, J. D. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2392 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Translating the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) from potential to practice: Ten research questions.
Conway, C., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., & Caspi, A. (2022) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0001046 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Network Analysis of Emotional Symptoms and their Relationship with Different Types of Cybervictimization
Jurado, M. D. M. M., Pérez-Fuentes, M. C., Martínez, Á. M., del Pino, R. M., & Linares, J. J. G. (2023) · The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context · doi:10.5093/ejpalc2023a3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Innovations to improve outcomes and uptake of psychotherapies for mental disorders: a state‐of‐the‐art review
Cuijpers, P. J., Harrer, M., & Furukawa, T. A. (2026) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.70002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Long-term cost-effectiveness of group unified protocol in the Spanish public mental health system
Péris-Baquero, Ó., Moreno-Villamizar, J. D., & Osma, J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03365-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Interventions for Emotional Dysregulation, and Underlying Bio–Psycho–Social Factors
Easdale-Cheele, T., Parlatini, V., Cortese, S., & Bellato, A. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14050453 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Assessment of Acceptability and Initial Effectiveness of a Unified Protocol Prevention Program to Train Emotional Regulation Skills in Female Nursing Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ferreres-Galán, V., Navarro-Haro, M. V., Peris-Baquero, Ó., Guillén-Marín, S., de Luna-Hermoso, J., & Osma, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095715 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioural therapy and third-wave approaches for anxiety and related disorders in older people
Hendriks, G., Janssen, N., Robertson, L., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., van Zelst, W. H., Wolfe, S., Voshaar, R. C. O., & Uphoff, E. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007674.pub3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effectiveness and mechanism of a 4-week online self-help mindfulness intervention among individuals with emotional distress during COVID-19 in China
Ju, R., Chiu, W., Zang, Y., Hofmann, S. G., & Liu, X. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00831-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset
Péris-Baquero, Ó., & Osma, J. (2023) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2023/1981377 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effectiveness of the internet-based Unified Protocol transdiagnostic intervention for the treatment of depression, anxiety and related disorders in a primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial
Timulak, L., Richards, D., Bhandal-Griffin, L., Healy, P., Azevedo, J., Connon, G., Martin, E., Kearney, A., O’Kelly, C., Enrique, A., et al. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06551-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bridging the gap: leveraging implementation science to advance pediatric behavioral sleep interventions
Levenson, J. C., & Williamson, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10476 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Feasibility, Perceived Impact, and Acceptability of a Socially Assistive Robot to Support Emotion Regulation With Highly Anxious University Students: Mixed Methods Open Trial
Williams, A. J., Freed, M., Theofanopoulou, N., Roquet, C. D., Klasnja, P., Gross, J. J., Schleider, J. L., & Slovák, P. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/46826 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
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Multidimensional emotional disorders inventory: Reliability and validity in a Spanish clinical sample
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Specifying the Efficacy of Digital Therapeutic Tools for Depression and Anxiety: Retrospective, 2-Cohort, Real-World Analysis
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The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Delivered to Firefighters via Videoconferencing: Pilot Outcomes Highlighting Improvements in Alcohol Use Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
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Emotion dysregulation and neuroticism as moderators of group Unified Protocol effectiveness outcomes for treating emotional disorders
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What if we have too many models of worry and GAD?
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders in Group Format for Adults
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Is the Unified Protocol for Children Effective for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Children’s Emotional Disorders? A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Targeting emotional regulation using an Internet‐delivered psychological intervention for cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
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A qualitative study on the implementation of a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for children in a child welfare residential treatment program
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Preliminary efficacy of a transdiagnostic parent-led internet-delivered intervention for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms: a pilot randomized controlled trial
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Efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid emotional disorders in patients with ultra high risk for psychosis: Results of a randomized controlled trial
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Long-term Effectiveness and Predictors of Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Emotional Disorders in Specialized Care: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Prevalence of Different Approaches to Clinical Hypnosis: Bridging Research and Practice
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A unified protocol chatbot reduces anxiety by encouraging university students’ negative emotional expressions: A randomized controlled trial
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Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part II: interventions
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Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents in China: A Pilot Study
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The Comparative Efficacy of Unified Transdiagnostic Protocol (UP) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Protocol (MBSR) on Emotion Regulation and Uncertainty Intolerance in Infertile Women Receiving IVF
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Impathy and Emotion Recognition: How Attachment Shapes Self- and Other-Focused Emotion Processing
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Comorbidity and temporal associations between mental disorders among college students in the world mental health international college student initiative
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Recent evidence-based developments in the treatment of DID
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Self-directed digital interventions for the improvement of emotion regulation—effectiveness for mental health and functioning in adolescents: protocol for a systematic review
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The assessment of transdiagnostic dimensions of emotional disorders: Validation of the Multidimensional Emotional Disorders Inventory (MEDI) in adolescents with subthreshold anxiety and depression
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Identifying internalizing transdiagnostic profiles through motivational and cognitive control systems: Relations with symptoms, functionality, and quality of life
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Treating anxiety comorbidity: Lessons from exposure generalization studies
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Application of the Unified Protocol for a Japanese Patient with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Multiple Comorbidities: A Single-Case Study
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Do Unified Protocol modules exert general or unique effects on anxiety, depression, and transdiagnostic targets?
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The Role of Emotion Regulation in Clinical Interventions
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Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity and personality characteristics among adults seeking treatment for problematic internet use
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Measuring State and Trait Anxiety: An Application of Multidimensional Item Response Theory
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Self-citation
Skill use mediates the within-person effect of the alliance on session-to-session changes in anxiety and depression in the Unified Protocol
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The efficacy of the unified protocol for emotional disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Translating the Transdiagnostic: Aligning Assessment Practices With Research Advances
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How insights from posttraumatic stress disorder can inform treatment of functional neurological disorder
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Uncovering the association between broad emotional dysregulation and emotional eating: A meta-analysis
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Transdiagnostic Approach to Anxiety Disorders: Common Factors and Integrative Interventions
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Relationships of emotion regulation to procrastination, life satisfaction and resilience to discomfort
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Effectiveness of online integrative trans-diagnostic treatment on internet addiction and high-risk behaviors in female adolescents with borderline personality disorder with comorbid depressive disorder
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Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children Impacted by Trauma Within a Residential Treatment Facility
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Differential effects of trait-like emotion regulation use and situational emotion regulation ability across the affective and anxiety disorders spectrum: a transdiagnostic examination
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Cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on depressive symptoms and suicide risk: A prospective study
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Temporal Dynamics Between Depression and Anxiety Symptoms During Internet-Based Therapy and in the General Population
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Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents
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The state of psychological treatments for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: An Umbrella Review
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The relationship between therapist experiential avoidance and observed CBT competence during training: a preliminary investigation
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A Transdiagnostic Prevention Support Group for Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Example
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Avaliação da Eficácia de um Plantão Psicológico em um Serviço-Escola
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L’anxiété de performance à l’enfance et l’adolescence : état des connaissances cliniques et scientifiques
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Effectiveness and mediators of change of an online CBT intervention for students with adjustment disorder—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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“These reviews reveal that the UP significantly improves anxious and depressive symptoms with moderate to large effect sizes [51, 52].”
Background
Emotional Disorders, Distress Tolerance and Suicide Risk: A Mediation Model
Antuña‐Camblor, C., Esteller-Collado, G., Muñoz‐Navarro, R., Rabito-Alcón, M. F., & Rodríguez‐Díaz, F. J. (2024) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228241299287 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Single application of the unified protocol in university students of the Balearic Islands: a pilot study
Socias-Soler, J., Osma, J., & Tortella‐Feliu, M. (2023) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.19.2.37010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: protocol development and initial outcome data
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Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Unified Protocol as a transdiagnostic emotion regulation based intervention
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A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children
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Efficacy of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid psychopathology accompanying emotional disorders compared to treatments targeting single disorders
Steele, S. J., Farchione, T. J., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Ametaj, A., Sbi, S., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.005 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Authors: Carlucci, L., Saggino, A., & Balsamo, M.
Affiliations: University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
Corresponding author: Carlucci, Leonardo
ORCID: Carlucci, Leonardo
Balsamo, Michela
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-07
Volume: 87
Pages: 101999
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101999
OpenAlex: W3134743031
Cited by: 234
References: 140
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 5.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: transdiagnostic treatment, emotional disorders, anxiety, depression, negative affect, treatment efficacy, children and adolescents, adults, manualized psychotherapy, therapist experience
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Clinical Protocols, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mood Disorders

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On the efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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