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Cited by 838Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

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the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, EPIGEN Consortium, IMAGEN Consortium, Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) Group, Thompson, Paul M., Stein, Jason L., Medland, Sarah E., Hibar, Derrek P., Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Renteria, Miguel E., Toro, Roberto +282 more·2014·Brain Imaging and Behavior
DOI 10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5PMC PMC4008818
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Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

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the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, E. C., Thompson, P. M., Stein, J. L., Medland, S. E., Hibar, D. P., Vasquez, A. A., Renteria, M. E., Toro, R., Jahanshad, N., Schumann, G., Franke, B., Wright, M. J., Martin, N. G., Agartz, I., Alda, M., Alhusaini, S., Almasy, L., Almeida, J., Alpert, K., Andreasen, N. C., Andreassen, O. A., Apostolova, L. G., Appel, K., Armstrong, N. J., Aribisala, B., Bastin, M. E., Bauer, M., Bearden, C. E., Bergmann, Ø., Binder, E. B., Blangero, J., Bockholt, H. J., Bøen, E., Bois, C., Boomsma, D. I., Booth, T., Bowman, I. J., Bralten, J., Brouwer, R. M., Brunner, H. G., Brohawn, D. G., Buckner, R. L., Buitelaar, J., Bulayeva, K., Bustillo, J. R., Calhoun, V. D., Cannon, D. M., Cantor, R. M., Carless, M. A., Caseras, X., Cavalleri, G. L., Chakravarty, M. M., Chang, K. D., Ching, C. R. K., Christoforou, A., Cichon, S., Clark, V. P., Conrod, P., Coppola, G., Crespo-Facorro, B., Curran, J. E., Czisch, M., Deary, I. J., de Geus, E. J. C., den Braber, A., Delvecchio, G., Depondt, C., de Haan, L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Dima, D., Dimitrova, R., Djurovic, S., Dong, H., Donohoe, G., Duggirala, R., Dyer, T. D., Ehrlich, S., Ekman, C. J., Elvsåshagen, T., Emsell, L., Erk, S., Espeseth, T., Fagerness, J., Fears, S., Fedko, I., Fernández, G., Fisher, S. E., Foroud, T., Fox, P. T., Francks, C., Frangou, S., Frey, E. M., Frodl, T., Frouin, V., Garavan, H., Giddaluru, S., Glahn, D. C., Godlewska, B., Goldstein, R. Z., Gollub, R. L., Grabe, H. J., Grimm, O., Gruber, O., Guadalupe, T., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Göring, H. H. H., Hagenaars, S., Hajek, T., Hall, G. B., Hall, J., Hardy, J., Hartman, C. A., Hass, J., Hatton, S. N., Haukvik, U. K., Hegenscheid, K., Heinz, A., Hickie, I. B., Ho, B.-C., Hoehn, D., Hoekstra, P. J., Hollinshead, M., Holmes, A. J., Homuth, G., Hoogman, M., Hong, L. E., Hosten, N., Hottenga, J.-J., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hwang, K. S., Jack, C. R., Jenkinson, M., Johnston, C., Jönsson, E. G., Kahn, R. S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kelly, S., Kim, S., Kochunov, P., Koenders, L., Krämer, B., Kwok, J. B. J., Lagopoulos, J., Laje, G., Landen, M., Landman, B. A., Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. M., Lee, P. H., Le Hellard, S., Lemaître, H., Leonardo, C. D., Li, C.-S., Liberg, B., Liewald, D. C., Liu, X., Lopez, L. M., Loth, E., Lourdusamy, A., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Machielsen, M. W. J., MacQueen, G. M., Malt, U. F., Mandl, R., Manoach, D. S., Martinot, J.-L., Matarin, M., Mather, K. A., Mattheisen, M., Mattingsdal, M., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C., McIntosh, A. M., McMahon, F. J., McMahon, K. L., Meisenzahl, E., Melle, I., Milaneschi, Y., Mohnke, S., Montgomery, G. W., Morris, D. W., Moses, E. K., Mueller, B. A., Muñoz Maniega, S., Mühleisen, T. W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Mwangi, B., Nauck, M., Nho, K., Nichols, T. E., Nilsson, L.-G., Nugent, A. C., Nyberg, L., Olvera, R. L., Oosterlaan, J., Ophoff, R. A., Pandolfo, M., Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M., Papmeyer, M., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Pearlson, G. D., Penninx, B. W., Peterson, C. P., Pfennig, A., Phillips, M., Pike, G. B., Poline, J.-B., Potkin, S. G., Pütz, B., Ramasamy, A., Rasmussen, J., Rietschel, M., Rijpkema, M., Risacher, S. L., Roffman, J. L., Roiz-Santiañez, R., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Rose, E. J., Royle, N. A., Rujescu, D., Ryten, M., Sachdev, P. S., Salami, A., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savitz, J., Saykin, A. J., Scanlon, C., Schmaal, L., Schnack, H. G., Schork, A. J., Schulz, S. C., Schür, R., Seidman, L., Shen, L., Shoemaker, J. M., Simmons, A., Sisodiya, S. M., Smith, C., Smoller, J. W., Soares, J. C., Sponheim, S. R., Sprooten, E., Starr, J. M., Steen, V. M., Strakowski, S., Strike, L., Sussmann, J., Sämann, P. G., Teumer, A., Toga, A. W., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Trabzuni, D., Trost, S., Turner, J., Van den Heuvel, M., van der Wee, N. J., van Eijk, K., van Erp, T. G. M., van Haren, N. E. M., van ‘t Ent, D., van Tol, M.-J., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Veltman, D. J., Versace, A., Völzke, H., Walker, R., Walter, H., Wang, L., Wardlaw, J. M., Weale, M. E., Weiner, M. W., Wen, W., Westlye, L. T., Whalley, H. C., Whelan, C. D., White, T., Winkler, A. M., Wittfeld, K., Woldehawariat, G., Wolf, C., Zilles, D., Zwiers, M. P., Thalamuthu, A., Schofield, P. R., Freimer, N. B., Lawrence, N. S., & Drevets, W.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • University of Oslo (NO)
  • Dalhousie University (CA)
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (IE)
  • Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • University of Iowa (US)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • Universität Greifswald (DE)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • University of Edinburgh (GB)
  • University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
  • Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
  • Royal Edinburgh Hospital (GB)
  • Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
  • University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
  • Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
  • University of New Mexico (US)
  • Mind Research Network (US)
  • Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
  • Cardiff University (GB)
  • Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • University of Bonn (DE)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
  • Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
  • The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • University of Regensburg (DE)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
  • University of Vermont (US)
  • Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
  • Hartford Hospital (US)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • University of Göttingen (DE)
  • Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (NL)
  • Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
  • McMaster University (CA)
  • University College London (GB)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
  • Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • Oakland University (US)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • National Health Service (GB)
  • Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
  • University of Missouri (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • University of Nottingham (GB)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • University of Calgary (CA)
  • Inserm (FR)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
  • University of Minnesota Medical Center (US)
  • University of Warwick (GB)
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • Umeå University (SE)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • RTI International (US)
  • Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
  • UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
  • Minneapolis VA Health Care System (US)
  • Alzheimer Scotland (GB)
  • University of Cincinnati (US)
  • King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (SA)
  • MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine (GB)
  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Erasmus MC (NL)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
  • Janssen Research & Development (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Thompson, Paul M.
ORCID
Venue
Brain Imaging and Behavior
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014-01-08
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
153-182
ISSN
  • 1931-7557 (ISSN-L)
  • 1931-7565
DOI
10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5
PMC
PMC4008818
OpenAlex
W2102521965
Cited by
838
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 2
FWCI
9.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
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Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (104036, 100309/A/12/Z, 100309)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2007-18-011)
  • Parkinson's UK (G-0907)
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001108, 5u01ag024904-10)
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K01417X/1, MR/K026992/1, MR/J006742/1, MR/L010305/1, MR/L016400/1)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F019394/1)
  • National Institute on Aging (U01-AG-024904, P30AG010133, R01AG040770, R01AG019771, P50AG005134, U19AG010483, U24AG021886, P30AG062421)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K99MH101367, K01MH099232)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB020407, R01EB005846, U54EB020403, R01EB015611, P41EB015922, R01EB006841)
  • U.S. National Library of Medicine (R01LM011360, R00LM011384, K99LM011384)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
ENIGMA consortium, neuroimaging genetics, meta-analysis, genome-wide association study, hippocampal volume, intracranial volume, subcortical volume, white matter microstructure, diffusion tensor imaging, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, CHARGE consortium, replication
MeSH terms
Brain Mapping, Cooperative Behavior, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Neuroimaging

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