The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future

Barlow, David H.; Sauer-Zavala, Shannon; Carl, Jenna R.; Bullis, Jacqueline R.; Ellard, Kristen K.

doi:10.1177/2167702613505532

Cited by 850Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPersonality Traits and Psychology

The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future

Barlow, David H., Sauer-Zavala, Shannon, Carl, Jenna R., Bullis, Jacqueline R., Ellard, Kristen K.·2014·Clinical Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/2167702613505532

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We highlight the role of neuroticism in the development and course of emotional disorders and make a case for shifting the focus of intervention to this higher-order dimension of personality. Recent decades have seen great emphasis placed on differentiating disorders into Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses; however, evidence has suggested that splitting disorders into such fine categories may be highlighting relatively trivial differences. Emerging research on the latent structure of anxiety and mood disorders has indicated that trait neuroticism, cultivated through genetic, neurobiological, and psychological factors, underscores the development of these disorders. We raise the possibility of a new approach for conceptualizing these disorders—as emotional disorders. From a service-delivery point of view, we explore the possibility that neuroticism may be more malleable than previously thought and may possibly be amenable to direct intervention. The public-health implications of directly treating and even preventing the development of neuroticism would be substantial.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/2167702613505532

Cites

235 of 235 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Adolescents with elevated ID levels often have underlying emotional vulnerabilities in three areas: negative emotional reactivity, affect intolerance, and emotional avoidance.
“Adolescents with elevated ID levels often have underlying emotional vulnerabilities in 3 areas: negative emotional reactivity, in the form of more frequent experiences of intense negative emotions and less flexible reactions to these; affect intolerance, such that emotional experiences are perceived as difficult to endure; and emotional avoidance, wherein adolescent respond to affect intolerance”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Intervening on neuroticism would allow addressing a wide number of disorders through a single treatment.
“Therefore, intervening on this mechanism would allow us to address through a single treatment, a wide number of disorders (Barlow et al., 2014).”
From Unified Protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with post COVID-19 condition: study protocol for a multiple baseline n-of-1 trial (2023) · cites this paper as Barlow et al., 2014
The UP is not focused on specific symptoms associated with different disorders but on shared factors, for example neuroticism, which can explain the development and maintenance of these emotional disorders.
“Contrary to previous psychological interventions, the UP is not focused on specific symptoms associated with different disorders if not on shared factors, for example neuroticism, which can explain the development and maintenance of these emotional disorders.”
From Unified Protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with post COVID-19 condition: study protocol for a multiple baseline n-of-1 trial (2023) · cites this paper as Barlow et al., 2014
These findings contribute to the study of the malleability of neuroticism proposed by Barlow, who suggests that personality dimensions may be malleable over time.
“These findings contribute to the study of the malleability of neuroticism proposed by Barlow [86], who suggests that personality dimensions may be malleable over time.”
From Negative and positive affect regulation in a transdiagnostic internet-based protocol for emotional disorders: Randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [86]
Among these processes, neuroticism has been strongly associated with both anxiety and depressive disorders.
“Among these processes, neuroticism has been strongly associated with both anxiety and depressive disorders [86,108].”
From Negative and positive affect regulation in a transdiagnostic internet-based protocol for emotional disorders: Randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [86]

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2022) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 · Cited by 23,476 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,767 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154 · see citing works
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1999) · Cited by 7,995 · see citing works
The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988 · see citing works
Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research
Krueger, R. F., & Johnson, W. (2008) · Cited by 7,884 · see citing works
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 2× · see citing works
“These beliefs often are manifested in terms of heightened focus on criticism, either self-generated or from others, as confirming a general sense of inadequacy and perceptions of lack of control over salient events (Barlow, 2002; L. A. Clark & Watson, 2008; Eysenck, 1947; Goldberg, 1993). The label neuroticism was fir…”
Method
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,417 · see citing works
PERSONALITY STRUCTURE: EMERGENCE OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL
Digman, J. M. (1990) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221 · Cited by 6,960 · see citing works
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Rumination appears to be prominent across emotional disorders (see Aldao et al., 2010) and prospectively predicts increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms (Butler & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994; Calmes & Roberts, 2007; Hong, 2007; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; NolenHoeksema, Larson, & Grayson, 1999; O’Connor,…”
Background
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…2004; Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006; Kashdan, Breen, Afram, & Terhar, 2010) and depressive disorders (Berking, Neacsiu, Comtois, & Linehan, 2009; Hayes et al., 2006; Shahar & Herr, 2011; Tull, Gratz, Salters, & Roemer, 2004) display high levels of self-reported experiential avoidance.”
Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81 · Cited by 6,404 · see citing works
Rethinking rumination
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172 · see citing works
The structure of phenotypic personality traits.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.48.1.26 · Cited by 4,816 · see citing works
The structure of phenotypic personality traits.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.1.26 · Cited by 4,816 · see citing works
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,602 · see citing works
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,601 · see citing works
Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 · Cited by 4,529 · see citing works
An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3 · Cited by 4,255 · see citing works
Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Handbook of personality theory and research
Wilson, G. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90043-b · Cited by 3,552 · see citing works
Functional Neuroimaging of Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Processing in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia
Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…that hyperexcitability of limbic structures, along with limited inhibitory control by cortical structures, may be one explanation for the increased negative emotionality among individuals with such diagnoses (Etkin & Wager, 2007; Mayberg et al., 1999; Porto et al., 2009; Shin & Liberzon, 2010).”
Background
Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1 · Cited by 3,318 · see citing works
Anxiety, sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness
Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90143-9 · Cited by 3,169 · see citing works
The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.3.504 · Cited by 2,998 · see citing works
A cognitive approach to panic
Clark, D. M. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2 · Cited by 2,422 · see citing works
Reciprocal Limbic-Cortical Function and Negative Mood: Converging PET Findings in Depression and Normal Sadness
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416 · see citing works
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.1.5 · Cited by 2,127 · see citing works
Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 · Cited by 2,100 · see citing works
The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders
Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.83 · Cited by 2,083 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…that hyperexcitability of limbic structures, along with limited inhibitory control by cortical structures, may be one explanation for the increased negative emotionality among individuals with such diagnoses (Etkin & Wager, 2007; Mayberg et al., 1999; Porto et al., 2009; Shin & Liberzon, 2010).”
Background
The Neuropsychology of Anxiety
Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2003) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522713.001.0001 · Cited by 1,933 · see citing works
Public health significance of neuroticism
Lahey, B. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015309 · Cited by 1,901 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In addition, Lahey (2009), summarizing the growing evidence for the public-health significance of neuroticism, documented that neuroticism is strongly associated with and predicts many different mental and physical disorders, as well as treatment seeking for not only mental disorders but also…”
Background
The Structure of Common Mental Disorders
Krueger, R. F. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.921 · Cited by 1,881 · see citing works
Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.97.3.346 · Cited by 1,795 · see citing works
Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.1.103 · Cited by 1,685 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1985) · Cited by 1,630 · see citing works
Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic
Otto, M. (1989) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(89)72285-4 · Cited by 1,581 · see citing works
Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377 · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample.
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585 · Cited by 1,562 · see citing works
Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1061 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal.
Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.179 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Self-citation
Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal
Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.2.179 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Self-citation
Untitled work
(1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.
Watson, D. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.522 · Cited by 1,332 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…the traits reviewed earlier may turn out to be distinct in some way, current evidence in this area from CARD and elsewhere (L. A. Clark, 2005; Watson, 2005) lump these concepts together in a partially heritable temperament that we have labeled neuroticism/ behavioral inhibition (or just…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Handbook Of Mental Control
Wegner, D. M., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1992) · Cited by 1,231 · see citing works
Personality Trait Change in Adulthood
Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. (2008) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00543.x · Cited by 1,222 · see citing works
Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.176 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Abnormal and normal obsessions
Rachman, S., & de Silva, P. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90022-0 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory.
Barlow, D. H. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.11.1247 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comorbidity of DSM–III–R Major Depressive Disorder in the General Population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Liu, J., Swartz, M. S., & Blazer, D. G. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000298371 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder.
Bouton, M. E., Mineka, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.4 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Self-citation
Expectancy model of fear, anxiety, and panic
Reiss, S. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90092-9 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
A Model for Personality
Eysenck, H. J. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Responses to Overtly Presented Fearful Faces in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Shin, L. M., Wright, C. I., Cannistraro, P. A., Wedig, M. M., McMullin, K., Martis, B., Macklin, M. L., Lasko, N. B., Cavanagh, S. R., Krangel, T. S., et al. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.273 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Imipramine, or Their Combination for Panic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K., & Woods, S. W. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.19.2529 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder
Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.08.008 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments: A review of current efforts.
McHugh, R. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2010) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0018121 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders.
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.1.49 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for the classification of emotional disorders
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.49 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Neural correlates of dispositional mindfulness during affect labeling
Creswell, J. D., Way, B. M., Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3180f6171f · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Personality and psychopathology
Widiger, T. A. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00024.x · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual
Barnaby, B. (2015) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqv128 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology.
Clark, L. A. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.505 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual
Barlow, D. H. (2001) · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attenuation of the Neural Response to Sad Faces in Major Depressionby Antidepressant Treatment: A Prospective, Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance ImagingStudy
Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Cleare, A. J., Brammer, M. J., Walsh, N. D., Kim, J., Andrew, C. M., Pich, E. M., Williams, P. M., Reed, L. J., et al. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.9.877 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Adolescent social anxiety as an outcome of inhibited temperament in childhood
SCHWARTZ, C. E., SNIDMAN, N., & KAGAN, J. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199908000-00017 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Farchione, T. J., Fairholme, C. P., Ellard, K. K., Boisseau, C. L., Thompson-Hollands, J., Carl, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., & Barlow, D. H. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.01.001 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Self-citation
Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic
Meisler, A. W. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.10.001 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Further evidence of association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children
Biederman, J., Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Rosenbaum, J. F., Hérot, C., Friedman, D., Snidman, N., Kagan, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1673 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Galen's Prophecy: Temperament In Human Nature
Kagan, J., Snidman, N. C., Arcus, D. M., & Reznick, J. S. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 648 · see citing works
A guide to treatments that work
(2015) · Oxford Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195304145.001.0001 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
A proposal for a dimensional classification system based on the shared features of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for assessment and treatment
Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016608 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Self-citation
Why ruminators are poor problem solvers: clues from the phenomenology of dysphoric rumination.
Lyubomirsky, S., Tucker, K. L., Caldwell, N. D., & Berg, K. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.77.5.1041 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety.
MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood
Segerstrom, S. C., Tsao, J. C. I., Alden, L. E., & Craske, M. G. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005587311498 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: A review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry
Newman, M. G., & Llera, S. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.008 · Cited by 598 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, engaging in worry or compulsions (Newman & Llera, 2011), respectively, are subtle ways of avoiding the distress associated with experiencing anxiety.”
BackgroundInfluential
Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy vs Phenelzine Therapy for Social Phobia: 12-Week Outcome
Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., et al. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders.
Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.587 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Self-citation
HANDBOOK OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Eysenck, H. J. (1961) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-196111000-00034 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms?
Moore, S. A., Zoellner, L. A., & Mollenholt, N. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.001 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: a meta-analysis of controlled studies
Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00057-x · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of the relations of anxiety sensitivity to the depressive and anxiety disorders.
Naragon-Gainey, K. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018055 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
The Neuropsychology of Temperament
Gray, J. A. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0643-4_8 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Behavioral activation and inhibition systems and the severity and course of depression.
Kasch, K. L., Rottenberg, J., Arnow, B. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.4.589 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder
Etkin, A., Prater, K. E., Hoeft, F., Menon, V., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09070931 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Association between amygdala hyperactivity to harsh faces and severity of social anxiety in generalized social phobia
Phan, K. L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Nathan, P. J., & Tancer, M. E. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.012 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: protocol development and initial outcome data
Ellard, K. K., Fairholme, C. P., Boisseau, C. L., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2010) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.06.002 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Self-citation
A 3-Year Follow-up of Children with and without Behavioral Inhibition
Biederman, J., Rosenbaum, J. F., Bolduc, E. A., Faraone, S. V., Chaloff, J., HIRSHFELD, D. R., & Kagan, J. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199307000-00016 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Prevention and Early Intervention of Anxiety Disorders in Inhibited Preschool Children.
Rapee, R. M., Kennedy, S., Ingram, M., Edwards, S., & Sweeney, L. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.488 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Current controversies in the anxiety disorders
Taylor, S. J. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)80355-x · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Common Factor in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders
Boswell, J. F., Thompson-Hollands, J., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21965 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intolerance of uncertainty in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Brigidi, B. D., & Foa, E. B. (2003) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00182-2 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up
Kessler, R. C., Gruber, M., Hettema, J. M., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., & Yonkers, K. A. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002012 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Psychiatric Correlates of Behavioral Inhibition in Young Children of Parents With and Without Psychiatric Disorders
Biederman, J. (1990) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810130023004 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
The origins of neuroticism
Barlow, D. H., Ellard, K. K., Sauer-Zavala, S., Bullis, J. R., & Carl, J. R. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614544528 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stable behavioral inhibition and its association with anxiety disorder
HIRSHFELD, D. R., ROSENBAUM, J. F., BIEDERMAN, J., BOLDUC, E. A., FARAONE, S. V., SNIDMAN, N., REZNICK, J. S., & KAGAN, J. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199201000-00016 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Effect of Acute Antidepressant Administration on Negative Affective Bias in Depressed Patients
Harmer, C. J., O’Sullivan, U., Favaron, E., Massey-Chase, R., Ayres, R., Reinecke, A., Goodwin, G. M., & Cowen, P. J. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020149 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in a prospective community study: the Zurich Cohort Study.
Merikangas, K., Zhang, H.-P., Avenevoli, S., Acharyya, S., Neuenschwander, M., & Angst, J. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.993 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Galen's prophecy: temperament in human nature
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-2419 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
How to handle anxiety: The effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal
Hofmann, S. G., Heering, S., Sawyer, A. T., & Asnaani, A. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.010 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Thought suppression and psychopathology
Purdon, C. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00200-9 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
“Change the mind and you change the brain”: effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of spider phobia
Paquette, V., Lévesque, J., Mensour, B., Leroux, J.-M., Beaudoin, G., Bourgouin, P., & Beauregard, M. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)00030-7 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Antidepressant Drug Treatment Modifies the Neural Processing of Nonconscious Threat Cues
Harmer, C. J., Mackay, C. E., Reid, C. B., Cowen, P. J., & Goodwin, G. M. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.015 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Why ruminators are poor problem solvers: Clues from the phenomenology of dysphoric rumination.
Lyubomirsky, S., Tucker, K. L., Caldwell, N. D., et al. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1041 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Understanding the relationship between emotional and behavioral dysregulation: Emotional cascades
Selby, E. A., Anestis, M. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.002 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A comparison with social anxiety disorder
Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Luterek, J. A., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-1651-1 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Neuroticism as a common dimension in the internalizing disorders
Griffith, J. W., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Mineka, S., Rose, R. D., Waters, A. M., & Sutton, J. M. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991449 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Anxiety sensitivity in 1984 and panic attacks in 1987
Maller, R. G., & Reiss, S. (1992) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(92)90036-7 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of anxiety
LADER, M. H. (1983) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90137-x · Cited by 418 · see citing works
The International Journal of Psychiatry
Leigh, D. (1965) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.111.470.1 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders: A hierarchical model.
Zinbarg, R. E., & Barlow, D. H. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.2.181 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citation
Temperamental contributions to social behavior.
Kagan, J. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.4.668 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Modeling Intraindividual Change in Personality Traits: Findings From the Normative Aging Study
Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/58.3.p153 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Gender differences in responses to depressed mood in a college sample
Butler, L. D., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1994) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf01420597 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Personality Change During Depression Treatment: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
Tang, T. Z., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Amsterdam, J., Shelton, R., & Schalet, B. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.166 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Thought Suppression and Psychopathology
Najmi, S., & Wegner, D. M. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203888148.ch26 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology?
Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Diminished neural processing of aversive and rewarding stimuli during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment
McCabe, C., Mishor, Z., Cowen, P. J., & Harmer, C. J. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.001 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Infant Predictors of Inhibited and Uninhibited Profiles
Kagan, J., & Snidman, N. C. (1991) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00094.x · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Lifetime panic-depression comorbidity in the National Comorbidity Survey. Association with symptoms, impairment, course and help-seeking.
Kessler, R. C., Stang, P., Wittchen, H., Üstün, T. B., Roy-Burne, P. P., & Walters, E. (1998) · The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.801 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Worry and rumination: Differential associations with anxious and depressive symptoms and coping behavior
Hong, R. Y. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.006 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
The relationship of neuroticism and extraversion to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population
Jylhä, P., & Isometsä, E. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20167 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model
Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S. D., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-1650-2 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Responsiveness to Threat and Incentive in Bipolar Disorder: Relations of the BIS/BAS Scales with Symptoms
Meyer, B., Johnson, S. L., & Winters, R. (2001) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/a:1010929402770 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Personality change over 40 years of adulthood: Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of two longitudinal samples.
Helson, R., Jones, C. J., & Kwan, V. S. Y. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.752 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Diagnostic comorbidity in panic disorder: Effect on treatment outcome and course of comorbid diagnoses following treatment.
Brown, T. A., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.3.408 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citation
Diagnostic comorbidity in panic disorder: Effect on treatment outcome and course of comorbid diagnoses following treatment.
Brown, T. A., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.3.408 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citation
Disorders of Emotion
Barlow, D. H. (1991) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0201_15 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citation
Temporal course and structural relationships among dimensions of temperament and DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorder constructs.
Brown, T. A. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.2.313 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Trait mindfulness modulates neuroendocrine and affective responses to social evaluative threat
Brown, K. W., Weinstein, N., & Creswell, J. D. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.003 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
. The role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization.
Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Salters, K., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000144694.30121.89 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Individual differences in amygdala-medial prefrontal anatomy link negative affect, impaired social functioning, and polygenic depression risk
Holmes, A. J., Lee, P. H., Hollinshead, M. O., Bakst, L., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., & Buckner, R. L. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2531-12.2012 · Cited by 293 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…stress disorder (Shin et al., 2005), generalized anxiety disorder (Etkin, Prater, Hoeft, Menon, & Schatzberg, 2010; Hoehn-Saric, Schlund, & Wong, 2004; Paulesu et al., 2010), specific phobia (Paquette et al., 2003; Straube, Mentzel, & Miltner, 2006), and depression (Holmes et al., 2012).”
Response to emotional expressions in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder: evidence for separate disorders
Blair, K., Shaywitz, J., Smith, B. W., Rhodes, R., Geraci, M., Jones, M., McCaffrey, D., Vythilingam, M., Finger, E., Mondillo, K., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071060 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Psychometric evaluation of the behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scales in a large sample of outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders
Campbell-Sills, L., Liverant, G. I., & Brown, T. A. (2004) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.3.244 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Linking Self-Reported Childhood Behavioral Inhibition to Adolescent Social Phobia
HAYWARD, C., Killen, J. D., KRAEMER, H. C., & Taylor, C. B. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199812000-00015 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2004) · PubMed · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Psychological treatments
Barlow, D. H. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.9.869 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dimensional versus categorical classification of mental disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders and beyond: Comment on the special section.
Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.551 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citation
Economic costs of neuroticism: a population-based study.
Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Penninx, B., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., & Beekman, A. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.130 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Behavioral inhibition in preschool children at risk is a specific predictor of middle childhood social anxiety: a five-year follow-up
Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Biederman, J., Henin, A., Faraone, S. V., Davis, S., Harrington, K., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (2007) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/01.dbp.0000268559.34463.d0 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Long-term outcome in cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder: Clinical predictors and alternative strategies for assessment
Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.5.754 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citation
The heritability of inhibited and uninhibited behavior: A twin study.
Robinson, J. L., Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Corley, R. P. (1992) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1030 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Altering the Trajectory of Anxiety in At-Risk Young Children
Rapee, R. M., Kennedy, S. J., Ingram, M., Edwards, S. L., & Sweeney, L. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09111619 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Affective spectrum disorder: does antidepressant response identify a family of disorders with a common pathophysiology?
Hudson, J. I., & Pope, H. G. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.5.552 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Anxiety sensitivity and interoceptive exposure: A transdiagnostic construct and change strategy
Boswell, J. F., Farchione, T. J., Sauer-Zavala, S., Murray, H. W., Fortune, M. R., & Barlow, D. H. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.03.006 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in social phobia: a PET study
Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., Marteinsdóttir, Í., & Fredrikson, M. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01396-3 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The Role of Diagnosis in Psychiatry
DAVIS, J. A. (1976) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.133.5.596 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation Difficulties Associated with the Experience of Uncued Panic Attacks: Evidence of Experiential Avoidance, Emotional Nonacceptance, and Decreased Emotional Clarity
Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.10.006 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
A critical review of assessment strategies to measure the behavioral activation model of depression
Manos, R. C., Kanter, J. W., & Busch, A. M. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.008 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety
Rasmussen, M. K., & Pidgeon, A. M. (2010) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2010.515681 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The structure of negative emotions in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.
Chorpita, B. F., Albano, A. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.74 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perceived control as a mediator of family environment in etiological models of childhood anxiety
Chorpita, B. F., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80043-9 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citation
Temperament: An organizing paradigm for trait psychology
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (2008) · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Neural correlates of worry in generalized anxiety disorder and in normal controls: a functional MRI study
Paulesu, E., Sambugaro, E., Torti, T., Danelli, L., Ferri, F., Scialfa, G., Sberna, M., Ruggiero, G. M., Bottini, G., & Sassaroli, S. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709005649 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
A Selective Intervention Program for Inhibited Preschool-Aged Children of Parents With an Anxiety Disorder: Effects on Current Anxiety Disorders and Temperament
Kennedy, S. J., Rapee, R. M., & Edwards, S. L. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819f6fa9 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Walk on the bright side: Physical activity and affect in major depressive disorder.
Mata, J., Thompson, R. J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023533 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Daily exercise improves memory, stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis and modulates immune and neuroimmune cytokines in aging rats
Speisman, R. B., Kumar, A., Rani, A., Foster, T. C., & Ormerod, B. K. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.013 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Stability and Change in Adult Personality Over 6 Years: Findings From the Victoria Longitudinal Study
Small, B. J., Hertzog, C. K., Hultsch, D. F., & Dixon, R. A. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/58.3.p166 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Neural Mechanisms of Automatic and Direct Processing of Phobogenic Stimuli in Specific Phobia
Straube, T., Mentzel, H., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.013 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment
Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Nardo, P. A. D. (1984) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(84)80048-9 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citation
The relation between personality and anxiety: findings from a 3-year prospective study
Gershuny, B. S., & Sher, K. J. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.2.252 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Does cognitive behavioral therapy change the brain? A systematic review of neuroimaging in anxiety disorders.
Porto, P. R., Oliveira, L., Mari, J., Volchan, E., Figueira, I., & Ventura, P. (2009) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21.2.114 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Effects of psychotherapy on comorbid conditions in generalized anxiety disorder.
Borkovec, T. D., Abel, J. L., & Newman, H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.3.479 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Effects of psychotherapy on comorbid conditions in generalized anxiety disorder.
Borkovec, T. D., Abel, J. L., & Newman, H. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.3.479 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The role of negative affectivity and negative reactivity to emotions in predicting outcomes in the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders
Sauer-Zavala, S., Boswell, J. F., Gallagher, M. W., Bentley, K. H., Ametaj, A., & Barlow, D. H. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.005 · Cited by 163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence has suggested that how one interprets or reacts to negative emotions when they occur can affect the intensity and duration of the emotional experience (Sauer & Baer, 2009; Sauer-Zavala et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effects of citalopram on worry and brain activation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Hoehn‐Saric, R., Schlund, M. W., & Wong, S. H. (2004) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.02.003 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Trait anxiety: It's not what you think it is
Reiss, S. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00006-6 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The contributory role of worry in emotion generation and dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder
McLaughlin, K. A., Mennin, D. S., & Farach, F. J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.12.004 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: The unique effects of self-efficacy and anxiety sensitivity
Gallagher, M. W., Payne, L. A., White, K. S., Shear, K. M., Woods, S. W., Gorman, J. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.001 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citation
An analogue investigation of the relationships among perceived parental criticism, negative affect, and borderline personality disorder features: the role of thought suppression
Cheavens, J. S., Rosenthal, M. Z., Daughters, S. B., Nowak, J. A., Kosson, D. S., Lynch, T. R., & Lejuez, C. W. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.01.006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Neuroticism as a mediator of treatment response to SSRIs in major depressive disorder
Quilty, L. C., Meusel, L.-A., & Bagby, R. M. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Repetitive Thought and Emotional Distress: Rumination and Worry as Prospective Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology
Calmes, C. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9026-9 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Emotional processing and panic
Baker, R., Holloway, J., Thomas, P. W., Thomas, S., & Owens, M. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.09.002 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Perfectionism and psychological distress: evidence of the mediating effects of rumination.
O'Connor, D. B., O'Connor, R. C., & Marshall, R. (2007) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.616 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Assessing the effects of bupropion SR on mood dimensions of depression
Tomarken, A. J., Dichter, G. S., Freid, C., Addington, S., & Shelton, R. C. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00306-3 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Intolerance of Uncertainty in Adolescents: Correlations With Worry, Social Anxiety, and Depression
Boelen, P. A., Vrinssen, I., & van Tulder, F. (2010) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181d143de · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The relationship between experiential avoidance and the severity of trichotillomania in a nonreferred sample
Begotka, A. M., Woods, D. W., & Wetterneck, C. T. (2004) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.02.001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
A preliminary investigation of the long-term outcome of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders
Bullis, J. R., Fortune, M. R., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.016 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citation
Separate Personality Traits From States To Predict Depression
Clark, L. A., Vittengl, J. R., Kraft, D., & Jarrett, R. B. (2003) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.17.2.152.23990 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder on comorbid conditions: Replication and extension
Tsao, J. C. I., Mystkowski, J. L., Zucker, B. G., & Craske, M. G. (2002) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(02)80013-2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Relationships between thought-action fusion, thought suppression and obsessive–compulsive symptoms: a structural equation modeling approach
Rassin, E., Muris, P., Schmidt, H., & Merckelbach, H. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00104-7 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Distress and avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: Exploring the relationships with intolerance of uncertainty and worry
Lee, J. K., Orsillo, S. M., Roemer, L., & Allen, L. B. (2010) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902966918 · Cited by 124 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…avoidance both predicts generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when the variance associated with frequency of negative affect is parceled out (Lee et al., 2010) and mediates the relationship between neuroticism and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (Maack, Tull, & Gratz, 2012; Pickett,…”
Background
The impact of experiential avoidance on the reduction of depression in treatment for borderline personality disorder
Berking, M., Neacsiu, A., Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.011 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse
de Silva, P. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00146-8 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The Effects of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Panic Disorder on Comorbid Conditions
Tsao, J. C. I., Lewin, M. R., & Craske, M. G. (1998) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00020-6 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Personality Disorders in Later Life: Questions About the Measurement, Course, and Impact of Disorders
Oltmanns, T. F., & Balsis, S. M. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-090310-120435 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Personality traits and anxiety symptoms: The multilevel trait predictor model
Kotov, R., Watson, D., Robles, J. P., & Schmidt, N. B. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.011 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Panic Disorder: Relationship of Anxiety and Depression Comorbidity with Treatment Outcome
Allen, L. B., White, K. S., Barlow, D. H., Shear, M. K., Gorman, J. M., & Woods, S. W. (2009) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9151-3 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality influences limbic-cortical interactions during sad mood induction
Keightley, M. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.022 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The response styles theory of depression: a test of specificity and causal mediation.
Sarin, S., Abela, J., & Auerbach, R. (2005) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930441000463 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The direct and interactive effects of neuroticism and life stress on the severity and longitudinal course of depressive symptoms.
Brown, T. A., & Rosellini, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023035 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Anxiety and anxiety disorders
MacLeod, C. (2005) · doi:10.1002/0470013494.ch22 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Erratum to: Repetitive Thought and Emotional Distress: Rumination and Worry as Prospective Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology
Calmes, C. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9447-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The relationship between experiential avoidance and the severity of trichotillomania in a nonreferred sample
BEGOTKA, A. (2004) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(04)00017-5 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Aging and the structure and long-term stability of the internalizing spectrum of personality and psychopathology.
Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R. F., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0024406 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
THE NEUROTIC CONSTITUTION: A Statistical Study of Two Thousand Neurotic Soldiers
Slater, E. T. O. (1943) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.6.1-2.1 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Examining the Association Between Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Within a Sample of African Americans
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Davis, L. T., Dehon, E. E., Fulton, J. J., & Gratz, K. L. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.621970 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Emotion regulation: current status and future prospects
Gross, J. J. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2014.940781 · Cited by 5,229 · see citing works
Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty
Carleton, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention.
Roberts, B. W., Luo, J., Briley, D. A., Chow, P. I., Su, R., & Hill, P. L. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000088 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
All for One and One for All: Mental Disorders in One Dimension
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17121383 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
The relation between short-term emotion dynamics and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis.
Houben, M., Van Den Noortgate, W., & Kuppens, P. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038822 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Compared With Diagnosis-Specific Protocols for Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Barlow, D. H., Farchione, T. J., Bullis, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., Murray-Latin, H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Bentley, K. H., Thompson-Hollands, J., Conklin, L. R., Boswell, J. F., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2164 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Carpenter, J. K., Andrews, L. A., Witcraft, S. M., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22728 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Fear of the unknown: One fear to rule them all?
Carleton, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.011 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Factor in the Development of Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology: Current and Future Directions
Aldao, A., Gee, D. G., De Los Reyes, A., & Seager, I. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000638 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Mental Disorders as Causal Systems: A Network Approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
McNally, R. J., Robinaugh, D. J., Wu, G. W. Y., Wang, L., Deserno, M. K., & Borsboom, D. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614553230 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Neuroticism is a fundamental domain of personality with enormous public health implications
Widiger, T. A., & Oltmanns, J. R. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20411 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
The origins of neuroticism
Barlow, D. H., Ellard, K. K., Sauer-Zavala, S., Bullis, J. R., & Carl, J. R. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614544528 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Self-citation
A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span.
Lahey, B. B., Krueger, R. F., Rathouz, P. J., Waldman, I. D., & Zald, D. H. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000069 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research
Conway, C. C., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Fried, E. I., Hallquist, M. N., Kotov, R., Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Shackman, A. J., Skodol, A. E., South, S. C., et al. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618810696 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101928 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analytic review
Bentley, K. H., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, E. M., Fox, K. R., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.008 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Current Definitions of “Transdiagnostic” in Treatment Development: A Search for Consensus
Sauer-Zavala, S., Gutner, C. A., Farchione, T. J., Boettcher, H. T., Bullis, J. R., & Barlow, D. H. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.004 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants
Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., & Ormel, J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716001653 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
The relationship between trait mindfulness and affective symptoms: A meta-analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Carpenter, J. K., Conroy, K., Gomez, A. F., Curren, L. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101785 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice.
Ruggero, C. J., Kotov, R., Hopwood, C. J., First, M., Clark, L. A., Skodol, A. E., Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Patrick, C. J., Bach, B., Cicero, D. C., et al. (2019) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000452 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Is dysfunctional use of the mobile phone a behavioural addiction? Confronting symptom-based versus process-based approaches
Billieux, J., Philippot, P., Schmid, C., Maurage, P., De Mol, J., & Van der Linden, M. (2015) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1910 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Lack of theory building and testing impedes progress in the factor and network literature
Fried, E. I. (2020) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2020.1853461 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Emotion regulation: a transdiagnostic perspective on a new RDoC domain
Fernandez, K. C., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9772-2 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic factors of mental disorders.
Krueger, R. F., & Eaton, N. R. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20175 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: what uncertainties remain?
Shihata, S., McEvoy, P. M., Mullan, B. A., & Carleton, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.001 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
The association between nonsuicidal self-injury and the emotional disorders: A meta-analytic review
Bentley, K. H., Cassiello-Robbins, C. F., Vittorio, L. N., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., & Barlow, D. H. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.006 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology ( HiTOP ): III . Emotional dysfunction superspectrum
Watson, D., Levin‐Aspenson, H. F., Waszczuk, M. A., Conway, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M. N., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Hobbs, K. A., et al. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20943 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Toward a dynamic model of psychological assessment: Implications for personalized care.
Fisher, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000026 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Assessing Temporal Emotion Dynamics Using Networks
Bringmann, L. F., Pe, M. L., Vissers, N., Ceulemans, E., Borsboom, D., Vanpaemel, W., Tuerlinckx, F., & Kuppens, P. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116645909 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Anxiety sensitivity and interoceptive exposure: A transdiagnostic construct and change strategy
Boswell, J. F., Farchione, T. J., Sauer-Zavala, S., Murray, H. W., Fortune, M. R., & Barlow, D. H. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.03.006 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citation
Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: <scp>Taylor et al.</scp>
Taylor, C. T., Lyubomirsky, S., & Stein, M. B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22593 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective
Shackman, A., Tromp, D., Stockbridge, M., Kaplan, C. M., Tillman, R., & Fox, A. (2016) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000073 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
On the efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Carlucci, L., Saggino, A., & Balsamo, M. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101999 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Neuroticism and emotional risk during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kroencke, L., Geukes, K., Utesch, T., Kuper, N., & Back, M. D. (2020) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104038 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Personality in a Hierarchical Model of Psychopathology
Widiger, T. A., Sellbom, M., Chmielewski, M. S., Clark, L. A., DeYoung, C. G., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N., et al. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618797105 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS): psychometric properties of the online Spanish version in a clinical sample with emotional disorders
Díaz-García, A., González-Robles, A., Mor, S., Mira, A., Quero, S., García-Palacios, A., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-2472-1 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Perceived Control and Vulnerability to Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-analytic Review
Gallagher, M. W., Bentley, K. H., & Barlow, D. H. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9624-x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Neuroticism (Stress Vulnerability): A Pilot Randomized Study.
Armstrong, L., & Rimes, K. A. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.12.005 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The Structure of Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Depression and Anxiety: Evidence for a Common Core Etiologic Process Based on a Meta-Analytic Review
Hong, R. Y., & Cheung, M. W.-L. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614553789 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
The development of the general factor of psychopathology “p factor” through childhood and adolescence
Murray, A. L., Eisner, M., & Ribeaud, D. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0132-1 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Enhancing the Personalization of Psychotherapy With Dynamic Assessment and Modeling
Fisher, A. J., & Boswell, J. F. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116638735 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Perceived addiction to Internet pornography and psychological distress: Examining relationships concurrently and over time.
Grubbs, J. B., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., Pargäment, K. I., & Lindberg, M. J. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000114 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic factors of psychopathology and substance use disorders: a review
Eaton, N. R., Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Carragher, N., & Krueger, R. F. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-1001-2 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Exploring the East-West Divide in Prevalence of Affective Disorder: A Case for Cultural Differences in Coping With Negative Emotion
Vaus, J. D., Hornsey, M. J., Kuppens, P., & Bastian, B. B. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868317736222 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale: development and psychometric properties.
Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113322 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
What is an emotional disorder? A transdiagnostic mechanistic definition with implications for assessment, treatment, and prevention
Bullis, J. R., Boettcher, H., Sauer‐Zavala, S., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12278 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citation
A systematic review of unified protocol applications with adult populations: facilitating widespread dissemination via adaptability
Cassiello-Robbins, C., Southward, M. W., Tirpak, J. W., & Sauer-Zavala, S. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101852 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citation
Spontaneous Thought and Vulnerability to Mood Disorders: The Dark Side of the Wandering Mind
Marchetti, I., Koster, E. H. W., Klinger, E., & Alloy, L. B. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615622383 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Addressing neuroticism in psychological treatment.
Sauer-Zavala, S., Wilner, J. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2017) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000224 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citation
Open trial of a personalized modular treatment for mood and anxiety
Fisher, A. J., Bosley, H. G., Fernandez, K. C., Reeves, J. W., Soyster, P. D., Diamond, A. E., & Barkin, J. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.010 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
CBT at the crossroads: the rise of transdiagnostic treatments.
Schaeuffele, C., Schulz, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2021) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-020-00095-2 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology
den Bergh, O. V., Brosschot, J. F., Critchley, H., Thayer, J., & Ottaviani, C. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620950690 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms
Hankin, B. L., Snyder, H. R., Gulley, L. D., Schweizer, T. H., Bijttebier, P., Nelis, S., Toh, G. Y., & Vasey, M. W. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000663 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
AN OPEN TRIAL OF EMOTION REGULATION THERAPY FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND COOCCURRING DEPRESSION.
Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., Ritter, M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22377 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
What Predicts Positive Life Events that Influence the Course of Depression? A Longitudinal Examination of Gratitude and Meaning in Life
Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., Short, J. L., & Jarden, A. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9785-x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Experience Varies With Personality and Culture
Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., Yik, M., Koval, P., Coosemans, J., Zeng, K. J., & Russell, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12258 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The Role of Stress in the Pathogenesis and Maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Adams, T. G., Kelmendi, B., Brake, C. A., Gruner, P., Badour, C. L., & Pittenger, C. (2018) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547018758043 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Correlates of appearance and weight satisfaction in a U.S. National Sample: Personality, attachment style, television viewing, self-esteem, and life satisfaction
Frederick, D. A., Sandhu, G., Morse, P. J., & Swami, V. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Does the unified protocol really change neuroticism? Results from a randomized trial
Sauer-Zavala, S., Fournier, J. C., Jarvi Steele, S., Woods, B. K., Wang, M., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000975 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children
Kennedy, S. M., Bilek, E. L., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2019) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517753940 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder and Comorbid Disorders: A Clinical Replication Series
Sauer-Zavala, S. E., Bentley, K. H., & Wilner, J. G. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_179 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citation
Origins and outlook of interoceptive exposure
Boettcher, H., Brake, C. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.10.009 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citation
A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression
Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000289 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Understanding the impact of exposure to adverse socioeconomic conditions on chronic stress from a complexity science perspective
Crielaard, L., Nicolaou, M., Sawyer, A. D. M., Quax, R., & Stronks, K. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02106-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“But it might be a heart attack”: Intolerance of uncertainty and panic disorder symptoms
Carleton, R. N., Duranceau, S., Freeston, M. H., Boelen, P. A., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.006 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Neural circuitry governing anxious individuals’ mis-allocation of working memory to threat
Stout, D. M., Shackman, A. J., Pedersen, W. S., Miskovich, T. A., & Larson, C. L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08443-7 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Increased anterior insula activity in anxious individuals is linked to diminished perceived control
Alvarez, R. P., Kirlic, N., Misaki, M., Bodurka, J., Rhudy, J. L., Paulus, M. P., & Drevets, W. C. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.84 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Preliminary Exploration of Effectiveness for Group Delivery
Bullis, J. R., Sauer-Zavala, S., Bentley, K. H., Thompson-Hollands, J., Carl, J. R., & Barlow, D. H. (2015) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445514553094 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citation
DSM‐5 and the path toward empirically based and clinically useful conceptualization of personality and psychopathology.
Krueger, R. F., Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G. C., & Markon, K. E. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12073 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The role of intolerance of uncertainty in classical threat conditioning: Recent developments and directions for future research.
Morriss, J., Zuj, D., & Mertens, G. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.05.011 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
What do clinicians treat: Diagnoses or symptoms? The incremental validity of a symptom-based, dimensional characterization of emotional disorders in predicting medication prescription patterns
Waszczuk, M. A., Zimmerman, M., Ruggero, C., Li, K., MacNamara, A., Weinberg, A., Hajcak, G., Watson, D., & Kotov, R. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.004 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Nature and Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety: State of the Science and Opportunities for Accelerating Discovery
Grogans, S. E., Bliss‐Moreau, E., Buss, K. A., Clark, L. A., Fox, A. S., Keltner, D. J., Cowen, A., Kim, J. J., Kragel, P. A., MacLeod, C., et al. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105237 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Reinforcement sensitivity, depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation model
Katz, B. A., Matanky, K., Aviram, G., & Yovel, I. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101842 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Anger: The unrecognized emotion in emotional disorders.
Cassiello-Robbins, C. F., & Barlow, D. H. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12139 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Who pays the price for high neuroticism? Moderators of longitudinal risks for depression and anxiety
Vittengl, J. R. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000253 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
How Transdiagnostic Factors of Personality and Psychopathology Can Inform Clinical Assessment and Intervention
Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Eaton, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2015) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1055752 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Elemental psychopathology: distilling constituent symptoms and patterns of repetition in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5
Forbes, M. K., Neo, B., Nezami, O. M., Fried, E. I., Faure, K., Michelsen, B., Twose, M., & Dras, M. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723002544 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Trait:Current Issues and Future Directions
Beauchaine, T. P., & Tackett, J. L. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.009 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A preliminary investigation of the effects of the unified protocol on temperament
Carl, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., Bentley, K. H., & Barlow, D. H. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.015 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide
Barlow, D. H., Farchione, T. J., Sauer-Zavala, S., Murray Latin, H., Ellard, K. K., Bullis, J. R., Bentley, K. H., Boettcher, H. T., & Cassiello-Robbins, C. (2017) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780190685973.001.0001 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citation
Efficacy of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid psychopathology accompanying emotional disorders compared to treatments targeting single disorders
Steele, S. J., Farchione, T. J., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Ametaj, A., Sbi, S., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.005 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Neuropsychology of Anxiety
McNaughton, N., & Gray, J. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198843313.001.0001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Clarifying the unique associations among intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and depression *
Jensen, D., Cohen, J. N., Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1197308 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Cognitive‐Adaptive Trait Theory: A Shift in Perspective on Personality
Matthews, G. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12319 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Beyond Negative Affectivity: A Hierarchical Model of Global and Transdiagnostic Vulnerabilities for Emotional Disorders
Paulus, D. J., Talkovsky, A. M., Heggeness, L. F., & Norton, P. J. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1017529 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Distress and anhedonia as predictors of depression treatment outcome: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Khazanov, G. K., Xu, C., Dunn, B. D., Cohen, Z. D., DeRubeis, R. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103507 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Craske, M. G., & Simos, G. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118330043.ch1 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Neuroticism may not reflect emotional variability
Kalokerinos, E. K., Murphy, S. C., Koval, P., Bailen, N. H., Crombez, G., Hollenstein, T., Gleeson, J., Thompson, R. J., Ryckeghem, D. M. L. V., Kuppens, P., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1919934117 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Dispositional negativity, cognition, and anxiety disorders: An integrative translational neuroscience framework
Hur, J., Stockbridge, M. D., Fox, A. S., & Shackman, A. J. (2019) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.012 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The p factor and the n factor: associations between the general factors of psychopathology and neuroticism in children.
Brandes, C. M., Herzhoff, K., Smack, A. J., & Tackett, J. L. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619859332 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic Factors and Mediation of the Relationship Between Perceived Racial Discrimination and Mental Disorders
Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Stohl, M., Hasin, D. S., & Eaton, N. R. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0148 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic psychopathology factors and sexual minority mental health: Evidence of disparities and associations with minority stressors.
Eaton, N. R. (2014) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000048 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Brief Family Intervention to Reduce Accommodation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Thompson‐Hollands, J., Amitai Abramovitch, A., Tompson, M. C., & Barlow, D. H. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.11.001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
Worry is associated with impaired gating of threat from working memory.
Stout, D. M., Shackman, A. J., Johnson, J. S., & Larson, C. L. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000015 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Disentangling intolerance of uncertainty and threat appraisal in everyday situations
Pepperdine, E., Lomax, C., & Freeston, M. H. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.04.002 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Predicting Student Depression With Measures of General and Academic Anxieties
Cassady, J., Pierson, E. E., & Starling, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2019.00011 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Translational applications of personality science for the conceptualization and treatment of psychopathology.
Lengel, G. J., Helle, A. C., DeShong, H. L., Meyer, N. A., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12166 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Big Five aspects of personality interact to predict depression
Allen, T. A., Carey, B. E., McBride, C., Bagby, R. M., DeYoung, C. G., & Quilty, L. C. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12352 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future
Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315619996-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuroticism and disorders of emotion: a new synthesis
Barlow, D. H., Curreri, A. J., & Woodard, L. S. (2021) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214211030253 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citation
Addressing neuroticism in psychological treatment.
Sauer-Zavala, S., Wilner, J. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2017) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000224 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citation
Se puede cambiar la personalidad?: El rol del neuroticismo en el desarrollo de los trastornos emocionales y sus implicancias en el tratamiento
Celleri, M., Cremades, C. F., & Garay, C. J. (2024) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)
Public health significance of neuroticism
Lahey, B. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015309 · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works

Authors: Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Barlow, David H.
ORCID: Barlow, David H.
Sauer-Zavala, Shannon
Carl, Jenna R.
Bullis, Jacqueline R.
Ellard, Kristen K.
Venue: Clinical Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-10-14
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 344-365
ISSN: 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
2167-7034
DOI: 10.1177/2167702613505532
OpenAlex: W2030238393
Semantic Scholar: c2529746b7cc11c8c7d746b6b02015245fcddee3
Cited by: 850
References: 228
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 50.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: neuroticism, emotional disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality traits, public health implications

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks