Cholinergic basal forebrain structure influences the reconfiguration of white matter connections to support residual memory in mild cognitive impairment
Open accessAbstract
The fornix and hippocampus are critical to recollection in the healthy human brain. Fornix degeneration is a feature of aging and Alzheimer's disease. In the presence of fornix damage in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a recognized prodrome of Alzheimer's disease, recall shows greater dependence on other tracts, notably the parahippocampal cingulum (PHC). The current aims were to determine whether this shift is adaptive and to probe its relationship to cholinergic signaling, which is also compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Twenty-five human participants with MCI and 20 matched healthy volunteers underwent diffusion MRI, behavioral assessment, and volumetric measurement of the basal forebrain. In a regression model for recall, there was a significant group × fornix interaction, indicating that the association between recall and fornix structure was weaker in patients. The opposite trend was present for the left PHC. To further investigate this pattern, two regression models were generated to account for recall performance: one based on fornix microstructure and the other on both fornix and left PHC. The realignment to PHC was positively correlated with free recall but not non-memory measures, implying a reconfiguration that is beneficial to residual memory. There was a positive relationship between realignment to PHC and basal forebrain gray matter volume despite this region demonstrating atrophy at a group level, i.e., the cognitive realignment to left PHC was most apparent when cholinergic areas were relatively spared. Therefore, cholinergic systems appear to enable adaptation to injury even as they degenerate, which has implications for functional restoration.
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Fornix pathology might lead to a greater reliance on the retrosplenial and parahippocampal cingulum.
“A further implication is that fornix pathology might lead to a greater reliance on the retrosplenial and parahippocampal cingulum, as appears to occur in MCI (Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2012a; Ray et al., 2015).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Ray et al., 2015
The Abstract and Discussion report that, in MCI, recall becomes more dependent on the parahippocampal cingulum as the association with the damaged fornix weakens. The paper does not establish greater reliance on the retrosplenial cingulum; its reported shift concerns the left parahippocampal cingulum. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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The fornix supports episodic memory during childhood
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In Vivo Volumetry of the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain
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Self-citationCholinergic neurotransmitter system: a potential marker for post-stroke cognitive recovery
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The cholinergic basal forebrain and its role in neurodegeneration
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Neurochemistry of the Central Nervous System
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What can the topology of white matter structural networks tell us about mild cognitive impairment?
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An integrated analysis of the extended hippocampal system across species
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TACR3 variant confers resilience to aging and Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ray, N. J., Metzler-Baddeley, C., Khondoker, M. R., Grothe, M. J., Teipel, S., Wright, P., Heinsen, H., Jones, D. K., Aggleton, J. P., & O'Sullivan, M. J.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock (DE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-01-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 739-747
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC4293419
- OpenAlex
- W2170978105
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (G0701912, 096646)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- King's College London
- Medical Research Council (K022113, MR/K022113/1, G0701912)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, fornix, cholinergic system, basal forebrain, free recall, recollection, gray matter volume, hippocampus
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Neurological, Mental Recall, Prosencephalon, Fornix, Brain, Cognitive Dysfunction, Memory, Episodic, White Matter
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