Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning

Zatorre, Robert J; Fields, R Douglas; Johansen-Berg, Heidi

doi:10.1038/nn.3045

Cited by 1,685Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function

Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning

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Zatorre, Robert J, Fields, R Douglas, Johansen-Berg, Heidi·2012·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn.3045PMC PMC3660656

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Abstract

Human brain imaging has identified structural changes in gray and white matter that occur with learning. However, ascribing imaging measures to underlying cellular and molecular events is challenging. Here we review human neuroimaging findings of structural plasticity and then discuss cellular and molecular level changes that could underlie observed imaging effects. Greater dialog between researchers in these different fields would help to facilitate cross-talk between cellular and systems level explanations of how learning sculpts brain structure.

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Human MRI studies show that white matter plasticity is associated with motor learning.
“Human studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown that white matter plasticity is associated with motor learning (Scholz, Klein, Behrens, & Johansen‐Berg, 2009 ; Zatorre, Fields, & Johansen‐Berg, 2012 ).”
From Motor learning requires myelination to reduce asynchrony and spontaneity in neural activity (2020) · cites this paper as Zatorre, Fields, & Johansen‐Berg, 2012
An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have identified alterations of neuroplasticity with MRI.
“Consistent with the neuroplasticity deficits, an increasing number of neuroimaging studies identified alterations of neuroplasticity with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Zatorre et al., 2012).”
From Serotonin and neuroplasticity – Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression (2017) · cites this paper as Zatorre et al., 2012
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Experience can alter white matter microstructure.
“Indeed, the growing realisation that experience can alter white matter microstructure (Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2017; (McKenzie et al., 2014) Zatorre et al., 2012) highlights the problems of separating cause from effect.”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Zatorre et al., 2012
Regional differences in developmental time course are likely to alter regional sensitivity to chemotherapy and its long-term impact.
“For instance, regional differences in developmental time course (e.g., protracted development of the frontal lobes) (Erus et al., 2015; Zatorre, Fields, & Johansen‐Berg, 2012) are likely to alter regional sensitivity to chemotherapy and its long‐term impact.”
From Brain structure, working memory and response inhibition in childhood leukemia survivors (2017) · cites this paper as Zatorre, Fields, & Johansen‐Berg, 2012
The citation is attached to the parenthetical claim about regional developmental timing, including protracted frontal-lobe development; the chemotherapy prediction appears to be the citing authors’ inference. The Longitudinal imaging studies section discusses training-related changes and mentions maturation, but does not establish different developmental time courses across regions. Searches for frontal-lobe developmental timing and chemotherapy found no passage addressing either point (page unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.72)
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White matter integrity in the vicinity of Broca's area predicts grammar learning success
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Contrasting effects of motor and visual spatial learning tasks on dendritic arborization and spine density in rats
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Multiple Forms of Activity-Dependent Competition Refine Hippocampal Circuits In Vivo
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Motor learning induces astrocytic hypertrophy in the cerebellar cortex.
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In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of ferritin-based reporter visualizes native neuroblast migration
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Functional but not structural changes associated with learning: An exploration of longitudinal Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM)
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Structural Plasticity: Rewiring the Brain
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The neuroglial population in the primary visual cortex of the aging rhesus monkey
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Magnetization Transfer Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
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Astrocytic Calcium Signaling: Mechanism and Implications for Functional Brain Imaging
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Conduction velocity of nerve and muscle fiber action potentials after a space mission or a bed rest
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In vivo MRI of neural cell migration dynamics in the mouse brain
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Activity-dependent regulation of myelin maintenance in the adult rat
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Regional variation, hemispheric asymmetries and gender differences in pericortical white matter
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Myelin water weighted diffusion tensor imaging
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Activity-dependent neuron–glial signaling by ATP and leukemia-inhibitory factor promotes hippocampal glial cell development
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Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting induced by forced and voluntary physical exercise
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Identifying global anatomical differences: Deformation-based morphometry
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Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration
Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025 · Cited by 2,356 · see citing works
Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity
Voss, M. W., Vivar, C., Kramer, A. F., & van Praag, H. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.001 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition
Hötting, K., & Röder, B. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.005 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
A critical period for social experience-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination
Makinodan, M., Rosen, K. M., Ito, S., & Corfas, G. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1220845 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Young, K. M., Psachoulia, K., Tripathi, R. B., Dunn, S.-J., Cossell, L., Attwell, D., Tohyama, K., & Richardson, W. D. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.006 · Cited by 872 · see citing works
“…is conceivable that adult-born OLs simply myelinate the previously unmyelinated axons in those regions, perhaps changing the functionality of that circuit and contributing in some way to neural plasticity (e.g., motor skills learning) (Fields, 2008; Richardson et al., 2011; Zatorre et al., 2012).”
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Is meditation associated with altered brain structure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphometric neuroimaging in meditation practitioners
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Dixon, M. L., Floman, J. L., Ellamil, M., Rumak, S. P., Sedlmeier, P., & Christoff, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction
Bubb, E. J., Metzler-Baddeley, C., & Aggleton, J. P. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.008 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
The developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation during adolescence
Mills, K. L., Goddings, A.-L., Clasen, L. S., Giedd, J. N., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2014) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000362328 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Serotonin and neuroplasticity – Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression
Kraus, C., Castrén, E., Kasper, S., & Lanzenberger, R. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Family Poverty Affects the Rate of Human Infant Brain Growth
Hanson, J. L., Hair, N., Shen, D. G., Shi, F., Gilmore, J. H., Wolfe, B. L., & Pollak, S. D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080954 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Networks of anatomical covariance
Evans, A. C. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.054 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Disruption of oligodendrogenesis impairs memory consolidation in adult mice
Steadman, P. E., Xia, F., Ahmed, M., Mocle, A. J., Penning, A. R. A., Geraghty, A. C., Steenland, H. W., Monje, M., Josselyn, S. A., & Frankland, P. W. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.013 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Synaptic vesicle release regulates myelin sheath number of individual oligodendrocytes in vivo
Mensch, S., Baraban, M., Almeida, R., Czopka, T., Ausborn, J., El Manira, A., & Lyons, D. A. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3991 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Early Musical Training and White-Matter Plasticity in the Corpus Callosum: Evidence for a Sensitive Period
Steele, C. J., Bailey, J. A., Zatorre, R. J., & Penhune, V. B. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3578-12.2013 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
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Role of myelin plasticity in oscillations and synchrony of neuronal activity
Pajevic, S., Basser, P. J., & Fields, R. D. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.007 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
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Myelin degeneration and diminished myelin renewal contribute to age-related deficits in memory
Wang, F., Ren, S.-Y., Chen, J.-F., Liu, K., Li, R.-X., Li, Z.-F., Hu, B., Niu, J.-Q., Xiao, L., Chan, J. R., et al. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0588-8 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
A common brain network links development, aging, and vulnerability to disease
Douaud, G., Groves, A. R., Tamnes, C. K., Westlye, L. T., Duff, E. P., Engvig, A., Walhovd, K. B., James, A., Gass, A., Monsch, A. U., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1410378111 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
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Trajectories of cortical thickness maturation in normal brain development — The importance of quality control procedures
Ducharme, S., Albaugh, M. D., Nguyen, T.-V., Hudziak, J. J., Mateos-Pérez, J. M., Labbe, A., Evans, A. C., & Karama, S. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.010 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Mechanisms of white matter changes induced by meditation
Tang, Y.-Y., Lu, Q., Fan, M., Yang, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1207817109 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit
Carvalho, C. R., Oliveira, J. M., & Reis, R. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Structural plasticity of the social brain: Differential change after socio-affective and cognitive mental training
Valk, S. L., Bernhardt, B. C., Trautwein, F.-M., Böckler, A., Kanske, P., Guizard, N., Collins, D. L., & Singer, T. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700489 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
“Learning-induced plasticity might involve synaptic remodeling and changes in neuronal morphology (27, 83), as well as non-neuronal processes such as angiogenesis and divisions of astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (84).”
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BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions
Fard, M. K., van der Meer, F., Sánchez, P., Cantuti-Castelvetri, L., Mandad, S., Jäkel, S., Fornasiero, E. F., Schmitt, S., Ehrlich, M., Starost, L., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7816 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Functional alignment with anatomical networks is associated with cognitive flexibility
Medaglia, J. D., Huang, W., Karuza, E. A., Kelkar, A., Thompson-Schill, S. L., Ribeiro, A., & Bassett, D. S. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0260-9 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Fast track to the neocortex: A memory engram in the posterior parietal cortex
Brodt, S., Gais, S., Beck, J., Erb, M., Scheffler, K., & Schönauer, M. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau2528 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Glial Biology in Learning and Cognition
Fields, R. D., Araque, A., Johansen-Berg, H., Lim, S.-S., Lynch, G., Nave, K.-A., Nedergaard, M., Perez, R., Sejnowski, T., & Wake, H. (2014) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858413504465 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
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Relation Between Structural and Functional Connectivity in Major Depressive Disorder
de Kwaasteniet, B., Ruhe, E., Caan, M., Rive, M., Olabarriaga, S., Groefsema, M., Heesink, L., van Wingen, G., & Denys, D. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.024 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
On Myelinated Axon Plasticity and Neuronal Circuit Formation and Function
Almeida, R. G., & Lyons, D. A. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3185-16.2017 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Therapeutically relevant structural and functional mechanisms triggered by physical and cognitive exercise
Suo, C., Singh, M. F., Gates, N., Wen, W., Sachdev, P., Brodaty, H., Saigal, N., Wilson, G. C., Meiklejohn, J., Singh, N., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.19 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Relationship Between White Matter Hyperintensities, Cortical Thickness, and Cognition
Tuladhar, A. M., Reid, A. T., Shumskaya, E., de Laat, K. F., van Norden, A. G. W., van Dijk, E. J., Norris, D. G., & de Leeuw, F.-E. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.007146 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Income-Achievement Gap
Mackey, A. P., Finn, A. S., Leonard, J. A., Jacoby-Senghor, D. S., West, M. R., Gabrieli, C. F. O., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615572233 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Rethinking expertise: a multifactorial gene–environment interaction model of expert performance.
Ullén, F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Mosing, M. A. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000033 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Musical training intensity yields opposite effects on grey matter density in cognitive versus sensorimotor networks
James, C. E., Oechslin, M. S., Van De Ville, D., Hauert, C.-A., Descloux, C., & Lazeyras, F. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0504-z · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Neuroanatomic differences associated with stress susceptibility and resilience
Anacker, C., Scholz, J., O’Donnell, K. J., Allemang-Grand, R., Diorio, J., Bagot, R. C., Nestler, E. J., Hen, R., Lerch, J. P., & Meaney, M. J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.009 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Can MRI measure myelin? Systematic review, qualitative assessment, and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology
Lazari, A., & Lipp, I. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117744 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Insular and hippocampal gray matter volume reductions in patients with major depressive disorder
Stratmann, M., Konrad, C., Kugel, H., Krug, A., Schöning, S., Ohrmann, P., Uhlmann, C., Postert, C., Suslow, T., Heindel, W., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102692 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Exosomes and stem cells in degenerative disease diagnosis and therapy
Chang, Y.-H., Wu, K.-C., Harn, H.-J., Lin, S.-Z., & Ding, D.-C. (2018) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/0963689717723636 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism
Gliga, T., Jones, E. J. H., Bedford, R., Charman, T., & Johnson, M. H. (2014) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.05.003 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The role of diffusion MRI in neuroscience
Assaf, Y., Johansen‐Berg, H., & Thiebaut de Schotten, M. (2019) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.3762 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
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Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise
Thomas, A. G., Dennis, A., Rawlings, N. B., Stagg, C. J., Matthews, L., Morris, M., Kolind, S. H., Foxley, S., Jenkinson, M., Nichols, T. E., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.090 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“…to relate the morphometric measurements commonly used in neuroimaging to underlying changes in the neural tissue elicited by other behavioral training paradigms (Lerch et al., 2011; Sampaio-Baptista et al., 2013), but little is known about what drives these changes in humans (Zatorre et al., 2012).”
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Can Taichi Reshape the Brain? A Brain Morphometry Study
Wei, G.-X., Xu, T., Fan, F.-M., Dong, H.-M., Jiang, L.-L., Li, H.-J., Yang, Z., Luo, J., & Zuo, X.-N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061038 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Unraveling the secrets of white matter--bridging the gap between cellular, animal and human imaging studies
Walhovd, K. B., Johansen-Berg, H., & Káradóttir, R. T. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.058 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
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Common Variants in Psychiatric Risk Genes Predict Brain Structure at Birth
Knickmeyer, R. C., Wang, J., Zhu, H., Geng, X., Woolson, S., Hamer, R. M., Konneker, T., Lin, W., Styner, M., & Gilmore, J. H. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs401 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
White matter maturation profiles through early childhood predict general cognitive ability
Deoni, S. C. L., O’Muircheartaigh, J., Elison, J. T., Walker, L., Doernberg, E., Waskiewicz, N., Dirks, H., Piryatinsky, I., Dean, D. C., & Jumbe, N. L. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0947-x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Advanced MRI techniques to improve our understanding of experience-induced neuroplasticity
Tardif, C. L., Gauthier, C. J., Steele, C. J., Bazin, P.-L., Schäfer, A., Schaefer, A., Turner, R., & Villringer, A. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.047 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The molecular physiology of the axo-myelinic synapse
Micu, I., Plemel, J. R., Lachance, C., Proft, J., Jansen, A. J., Cummins, K., van Minnen, J., & Stys, P. K. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.10.006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Training-induced behavioral and brain plasticity in inhibitory control.
Spierer, L., Chavan, C. F., & Manuel, A. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00427 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Neuroimaging Evidence of Major Morpho-Anatomical and Functional Abnormalities in the BTBR T+TF/J Mouse Model of Autism
Dodero, L., Damiano, M., Galbusera, A., Bifone, A., Tsaftsaris, S. A., Scattoni, M. L., & Gozzi, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076655 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Training your brain to be more creative: brain functional and structural changes induced by divergent thinking training
Sun, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Li, H., Wei, D., Yang, W., & Qiu, J. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23246 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Increased grey matter associated with long-Term Sahaja yoga meditation: a voxel-based morphometry study
Hernández, S. E., Suero, J., Barros, A., González-Mora, J. L., & Rubia, K. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150757 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Motor learning requires myelination to reduce asynchrony and spontaneity in neural activity
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Grey matter volume increase following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with late life depression: a longitudinal MRI study
Bouckaert, F., De Winter, F.-L., Emsell, L., Dols, A., Rhebergen, D., Wampers, M., Sunaert, S., Stek, M., Sienaert, P., & Vandenbulcke, M. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140322 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Brain structural and functional changes in patients with major depressive disorder: a literature review
Dai, L., Zhou, H., Xu, X., & Zuo, Z. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8170 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Motor skills and cognitive benefits in children and adolescents: Relationship, mechanism and perspectives
Shi, P., & Feng, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017825 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The neuroanatomical correlates of training-related perceptuo-reflex uncoupling in dancers
Nigmatullina, Y., Hellyer, P. J., Nachev, P., Sharp, D. J., & Seemungal, B. M. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht266 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Association of Local Variation in Neighborhood Disadvantage in Metropolitan Areas With Youth Neurocognition and Brain Structure
Hackman, D. A., Cserbik, D., Chen, J.-C., Berhane, K., Minaravesh, B., McConnell, R., & Herting, M. M. (2021) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0426 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Histological underpinnings of grey matter changes in fibromyalgia investigated using multimodal brain imaging
Pomares, F. B., Funck, T., Feier, N. A., Roy, S., Daigle-Martel, A., Ceko, M., Narayanan, S., Araujo, D., Thiel, A., Stikov, N., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2619-16.2016 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Associations between white matter microstructure and infants' working memory
Short, S. J., Elison, J. T., Goldman, B. D., Styner, M., Gu, H., Connelly, M., Maltbie, E., Woolson, S., Lin, W., Gerig, G., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.021 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dynamics of the human structural connectome underlying working memory training
Caeyenberghs, K., Metzler-Baddeley, C., Foley, S., & Jones, D. K. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1973-15.2016 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Induces Brain Morphological Changes in Regions Associated with a Treatment Resistant Major Depressive Episode: An Exploratory Analysis
Lan, M. J., Chhetry, B. T., Liston, C., Mann, J. J., & Dubin, M. (2016) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.02.011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: A review study
Batouli, S. A. H., & Saba, V. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Structural changes in socio-affective networks: Multi-modal MRI findings in long-term meditation practitioners
Engen, H. G., Bernhardt, B. C., Skottnik, L., Ricard, M., & Singer, T. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.08.024 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis in Nervous System Plasticity and Repair
Frisén, J. (2016) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-124953 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Working memory training mostly engages general-purpose large-scale networks for learning
Salmi, J., Nyberg, L., & Laine, M. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.019 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
White matter microstructure and the variable adult outcome of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Shaw, P., Sudre, G., Wharton, A., Weingart, D., Sharp, W., & Sarlls, J. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.241 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Development of brain networks and relevance of environmental and genetic factors: A systematic review
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Authors: Zatorre, R. J., Fields, R. D., & Johansen-Berg, H.
Affiliations: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Zatorre, Robert J
Fields, R Douglas
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-03-18
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 528-536
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn.3045
PMC: PMC3660656
OpenAlex: W2003539800
Cited by: 1,685
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 89 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 136 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 123 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 15.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (090955)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
Keywords: structural plasticity, learning, gray matter, white matter, brain structure, neuroimaging, synaptic plasticity
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Learning, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurogenesis, Neuroimaging

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Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning

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