Evaluating the Operations Underlying Multisensory Integration in the Cat Superior Colliculus
Open accessAbstract
It is well established that superior colliculus (SC) multisensory neurons integrate cues from different senses; however, the mechanisms responsible for producing multisensory responses are poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that spatially congruent cues from different modalities (e.g., auditory and visual) yield enhanced responses and that the greatest relative enhancements occur for combinations of the least effective modality-specific stimuli. Although these phenomena are well documented, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie them, because no study has systematically examined the operation that multisensory neurons perform on their modality-specific inputs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the computations that multisensory neurons perform in combining the influences of stimuli from two modalities. The extracellular activities of single neurons in the SC of the cat were recorded in response to visual, auditory, and bimodal visual-auditory stimulation. Each neuron was tested across a range of stimulus intensities and multisensory responses evaluated against the null hypothesis of simple summation of unisensory influences. We found that the multisensory response could be superadditive, additive, or subadditive but that the computation was strongly dictated by the efficacies of the modality-specific stimulus components. Superadditivity was most common within a restricted range of near-threshold stimulus efficacies, whereas for the majority of stimuli, response magnitudes were consistent with the linear summation of modality-specific influences. In addition to providing a constraint for developing models of multisensory integration, the relationship between response mode and stimulus efficacy emphasizes the importance of considering stimulus parameters when inducing or interpreting multisensory phenomena.
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Deviations from optimal integration have been observed in tasks with time constraints or novel stimuli, suggesting the Bayesian fit may reflect task-specific tuning rather than a general cognitive strategy.
“Moreover, deviations from optimal integration have been observed in tasks with time constraints or novel stimuli (Arnold et al. 2019; Stanford et al. 2005), suggesting that the Bayesian fit may reflect task-specific tuning rather than a general cognitive strategy.”
From The myth of the Bayesian brain (2025) · cites this paper as Stanford et al. 2005
The “Effect of stimulus timing” section reports that changing stimulus onset asynchrony altered the proportions of additive, superadditive, and subadditive responses in cat superior-colliculus neurons. It does not study time-constrained tasks or novel stimuli, or assess deviations from Bayesian-optimal integration; the suggestion about a task-specific cognitive strategy is not supported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Quinn, B. T., Carlson, C., Doyle, W., Cash, S. S., Devinsky, O., Spence, C. J., Halgren, E., & Thesen, T. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0532-13.2014 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Contributions of Transient and Sustained Response Codes to Audiovisual Integration
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Multisensory Enhancement in the Optic Tectum of the Barn Owl: Spike Count and Spike Timing
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The multisensory brain and its ability to learn music
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Stanford, T. R., Quessy, S., & Stein, B. E.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-07-13
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 6499-6508
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC1237124
- OpenAlex
- W2038735682
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 23.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS36916)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 36916, NS22543, R01NS036916, R01NS022543)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- multisensory integration, superior colliculus, cats, superadditivity, linear summation, single-unit recording, multisensory neurons, audiovisual integration
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Action Potentials, Animals, Auditory Perception, Brain Mapping, Cats, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Sensation, Superior Colliculi, Visual Perception
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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