Visuo-auditory interactions in the primary visual cortex of the behaving monkey: Electrophysiological evidence
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BACKGROUND: Visual, tactile and auditory information is processed from the periphery to the cortical level through separate channels that target primary sensory cortices, from which it is further distributed to functionally specialized areas. Multisensory integration is classically assigned to higher hierarchical cortical areas, but there is growing electrophysiological evidence in man and monkey of multimodal interactions in areas thought to be unimodal, interactions that can occur at very short latencies. Such fast timing of multisensory interactions rules out the possibility of an origin in the polymodal areas mediated through back projections, but is rather in favor of heteromodal connections such as the direct projections observed in the monkey, from auditory areas (including the primary auditory cortex AI) directly to the primary visual cortex V1. Based on the existence of such AI to V1 projections, we looked for modulation of neuronal visual responses in V1 by an auditory stimulus in the awake behaving monkey. RESULTS: Behavioral or electrophysiological data were obtained from two behaving monkeys. One monkey was trained to maintain a passive central fixation while a peripheral visual (V) or visuo-auditory (AV) stimulus was presented. From a population of 45 V1 neurons, there was no difference in the mean latencies or strength of visual responses when comparing V and AV conditions. In a second active task, the monkey was required to orient his gaze toward the visual or visuo-auditory stimulus. From a population of 49 cells recorded during this saccadic task, we observed a significant reduction in response latencies in the visuo-auditory condition compared to the visual condition (mean 61.0 vs. 64.5 ms) only when the visual stimulus was at midlevel contrast. No effect was observed at high contrast. CONCLUSION: Our data show that single neurons from a primary sensory cortex such as V1 can integrate sensory information of a different modality, a result that argues against a strict hierarchical model of multisensory integration. Multisensory interaction in V1 is, in our experiment, expressed by a significant reduction in visual response latencies specifically in suboptimal conditions and depending on the task demand. This suggests that neuronal mechanisms of multisensory integration are specific and adapted to the perceptual features of behavior.
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There are numerous examples of causative interaction between weakly connected areas where the direct cortico-cortical pathway may play a functional role.
“There are numerous examples of causative interaction between weakly connected areas where the direct cortico-cortical pathway may play a functional role (Ekstrom et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2008).”
From A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity Matrix for Macaque Cerebral Cortex (2014) · cites this paper as Wang et al. 2008
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A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity Matrix for Macaque Cerebral Cortex
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The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex
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Looming Signals Reveal Synergistic Principles of Multisensory Integration
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Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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“Further, primary unisensory cortices such as visual and auditory cortex have been shown to be modulated by multisensory stimulation, expanding greatly the view of what constitutes a “multisensory” brain region [Foxe & Schroeder, 2005; Ghazanfar et al., 2005; Lakatos et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008].”
BackgroundAuditory information enhances post-sensory visual evidence during rapid multisensory decision-making
Franzen, L., Delis, I., De Sousa, G., Kayser, C., & Philiastides, M. G. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19306-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Sensorimotor Modulation of Mood and Depression: In Search of an Optimal Mode of Stimulation
Canbeyli, R. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00428 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wang, Y., Celebrini, S., Trotter, Y., & Barone, P.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Barone, Pascal
- Venue
- BMC Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-08-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-79
- ISSN
- 1471-2202 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2527609
- OpenAlex
- W2167082981
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 21.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- multisensory integration, primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex, response latency, saccade task, contrast dependence, behaving monkeys
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Haplorhini, Auditory Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Macaca mulatta, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Visual Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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