Cited by 88Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchCell death mechanisms and regulationAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

ets-2 Promotes the Activation of a Mitochondrial Death Pathway in Down's Syndrome Neurons

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Helguera, Pablo, Pelsman, Alejandra, Pigino, Gustavo, Wolvetang, Ernst, Head, Elizabeth, Busciglio, Jorge·2005·The Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Down's syndrome (DS) is characterized by mental retardation and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are both related to neurodegeneration in DS. Several genes in chromosome 21 have been linked to neuronal death, including the transcription factor ets-2. Cortical cultures derived from normal and DS fetal brains were used to study the role of ets-2 in DS neuronal degeneration. ets-2 was expressed in normal human cortical neurons (HCNs) and was markedly upregulated by oxidative stress. When overexpressed in normal HCNs, ets-2 induced a stereotyped sequence of apoptotic changes leading to neuronal death. DS HCNs exhibit intracellular oxidative stress and increased apoptosis after the first week in culture (Busciglio and Yankner, 1995). ets-2 levels were increased in DS HCNs, and, between 7 and 14 d in vitro, DS HCNs showed increased bax, cytoplasmic translocation of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor, and active caspases 3 and 7, consistent with activation of an apoptotic mitochondrial death pathway. Degeneration of DS neurons was reduced by dominant-negative ets-2, suggesting that increased ets-2 expression promotes DS neuronal apoptosis. In the human brain, ets-2 expression was found in neurons and astrocytes. Strong ets-2 immunoreactivity was observed in DS/AD and sporadic AD brains associated with degenerative markers such as bax, intracellular Aβ, and hyperphosphorylated tau. Thus, in DS/AD and sporadic AD brains, converging pathological mechanisms leading to chronic oxidative stress and ets-2 upregulation in susceptible neurons may result in increased vulnerability by promoting the activation of a mitochondrial-dependent proapoptotic pathway of cell death.

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Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.5107-04.2005

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  • Several genes of chromosome 21 are directly implicated in oxidative stress, involving Cu, Zn-SOD (SOD1), ETS2, stress-inducible factor, protein S100, DSCR1, APP, BACE1.

    “Several genes of chromosome 21 are directly implicated in oxidative stress, involving Cu, Zn-SOD (SOD1), ETS2 (ETS Proto-Oncogene 2) transcription factor, stress-inducible factor, protein S100, Down syndrome critical region gene 1 (DSCR1), amyloid precursor protein (APP), the β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) (Antonarakis et al. 2004; Helguera et al. 2005).”

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Authors
Helguera, P., Pelsman, A., Pigino, G., Wolvetang, E., Head, E., & Busciglio, J.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • Monash University (AU)
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Published
2005-03-02
Volume
25
Issue
9
Pages
2295-2303
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W2042310988
Cited by
88
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
4.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-38466, R01HD038466)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
ETS2, Down syndrome, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, chromosome 21, Bax, cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase-3, caspase-7, cortical neurons, neurodegeneration, amyloid-beta, hyperphosphorylated tau
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Astrocytes, Cell Survival, Chlorocebus aethiops, Cerebral Cortex, Diagnostic Imaging, DNA-Binding Proteins, Down Syndrome, Fetus, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Mitochondria, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Time Factors, Transcription Factors, Transfection, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, tau Proteins, Neurofilament Proteins, Cell Death, Telomerase, COS Cells, Caspases, Protein Transport, Cytochromes c, Green Fluorescent Proteins, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, Apoptosis Inducing Factor, Caspase 3, Polycomb-Group Proteins

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