Cited by 122Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A Role for Thrombospondin-1 Deficits in Astrocyte-Mediated Spine and Synaptic Pathology in Down's Syndrome

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Garcia, Octavio, Torres, Maria, Helguera, Pablo, Coskun, Pinar, Busciglio, Jorge·2010·PLoS ONE

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. Reduced number and aberrant architecture of dendritic spines are common features of DS neuropathology. However, the mechanisms involved in DS spine alterations are not known. In addition to a relevant role in synapse formation and maintenance, astrocytes can regulate spine dynamics by releasing soluble factors or by physical contact with neurons. We have previously shown impaired mitochondrial function in DS astrocytes leading to metabolic alterations in protein processing and secretion. In this study, we investigated whether deficits in astrocyte function contribute to DS spine pathology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a human astrocyte/rat hippocampal neuron coculture, we found that DS astrocytes are directly involved in the development of spine malformations and reduced synaptic density. We also show that thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), an astrocyte-secreted protein, possesses a potent modulatory effect on spine number and morphology, and that both DS brains and DS astrocytes exhibit marked deficits in TSP-1 protein expression. Depletion of TSP-1 from normal astrocytes resulted in dramatic changes in spine morphology, while restoration of TSP-1 levels prevented DS astrocyte-mediated spine and synaptic alterations. Astrocyte cultures derived from TSP-1 KO mice exhibited similar deficits to support spine formation and structure than DS astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that human astrocytes promote spine and synapse formation, identify astrocyte dysfunction as a significant factor of spine and synaptic pathology in the DS brain, and provide a mechanistic rationale for the exploration of TSP-1-based therapies to treat spine and synaptic pathology in DS and other neurological conditions.

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Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0014200

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  • Gene dysregulation and disrupted calcium signalling in glial cells contribute to the synaptic deficits in DS.

    “Evidence suggests that gene dysregulation and disrupted calcium signalling in glial cells also contribute to the synaptic deficits131,134.”

    From Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [134]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that Down’s syndrome astrocytes contribute to reduced synaptic density, and the Results link this effect to reduced astrocytic TSP-1 protein. The Discussion also notes elevated intracellular calcium in DS astrocytes, but does not establish that disrupted calcium signalling causes the synaptic deficits. It does not establish gene dysregulation as a cause either. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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  • Astrocytes and microglia have a role in the DS synaptic phenotype.

    “Although the tools used to ensure accurate proportions of interneuron subtypes in a culture system have only recently been developed132, simple neuron–glia co-cultures have already provided evidence that astrocytes and microglia do have a role in the DS synaptic phenotype131,134,135.”

    From Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [134]

    The Introduction and Results report that neurons co-cultured with Down syndrome astrocytes developed abnormal spines and reduced synaptic density and activity. The paper supports an astrocyte role in the DS synaptic phenotype, but our copy does not establish the claimed role for microglia. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Rodent neurons cultured with astrocytes from DS fetal brain tissue have fewer synapses and abnormal spine morphology than neurons cultured with control astrocytes.

    “Astrocytes isolated from DS fetal brain tissue produce less THBS1 than control astrocytes, and rodent neurons cultured with these astrocytes have fewer synapses and abnormal spine morphology than neurons cultured with control astrocytes134.”
  • Astrocytes isolated from DS fetal brain tissue produce less THBS1 than control astrocytes.

    “Astrocytes isolated from DS fetal brain tissue produce less THBS1 than control astrocytes, and rodent neurons cultured with these astrocytes have fewer synapses and abnormal spine morphology than neurons cultured with control astrocytes134.”
  • Introduction of exogenous THBS1 into cultures rescues synaptic and spine deficits even when neurons are co-cultured with astrocytes from individuals with DS.

    “The introduction of exogenous THBS1 into these cultures rescues synaptic and spine deficits, even when neurons are co-cultured with astrocytes from individuals with DS134.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [27]Adams JC Tucker RP 2000 The thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) superfamily: diverse proteins with related roles in neuronal development. Dev Dyn 218 280 299 10842357
  2. [55]Bambrick LL Golovina VA Blaustein MP Yarowsky PJ Krueger BK 1997 Abnormal calcium homeostasis in astrocytes from the trisomy 16 mouse. Glia 19 352 358 9097079

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Authors
Garcia, O., Torres, M., Helguera, P., Coskun, P., & Busciglio, J.
Affiliations
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author
Busciglio, Jorge
Venue
PLoS ONE
Published
2010-12-02
Volume
5
Issue
12
Pages
e14200
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2036755685
Cited by
122
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI
7.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Larry L. Hillblom Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (AG16573)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG 16573, P50AG016573)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-38466, R01HD038466)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
Down syndrome, thrombospondin-1, astrocytes, dendritic spines, synaptic pathology, dendritic spine morphology, synaptic density, astrocyte-neuron co-culture, hippocampal neurons, intellectual disability, astrocyte dysfunction
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Down Syndrome, Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Neurons, Synapses, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Coculture Techniques, Thrombospondin 1, Animals, Genetically Modified, Dendritic Spines, Rats

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