Cited by 417Land Use and Ecosystem ServicesEnvironmental Philosophy and EthicsEcosystem dynamics and resilience

Intervention Ecology: Applying Ecological Science in the Twenty-first Century

Open access
Hobbs, Richard J., Hallett, Lauren M., Ehrlich, Paul R., Mooney, Harold A.·2011·BioScience

Abstract

Rapid, extensive, and ongoing environmental change increasingly demands that humans intervene in ecosystems to maintain or restore ecosystem services and biodiversity. At the same time, the basic principles and tenets of restoration ecology and conservation biology are being debated and reshaped. Escalating global change is resulting in widespread no-analogue environments and novel ecosystems that render traditional goals unachievable. Policymakers and the general public, however, have embraced restoration without an understanding of its limitations, which has led to perverse policy outcomes. Therefore, a new ecology, free of pre- and misconceptions and directed toward meaningful interventions, is needed. Interventions include altering the biotic and abiotic structures and processes within ecosystems and changing social and policy settings. Interventions can be aimed at leverage points, both within ecosystems and in the broader social system—particularly, feedback loops that either maintain a particular state or precipitate a rapid change from one state to another.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1525/bio.2011.61.6.6

Cites

87 of 87 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • To be effective in conserving ecosystems and biodiversity altered by millennia of human interaction, ecological science and conservation will need to go beyond the view of humans as a recent disturbance and incorporate a solid theoretical and historical understanding of the dynamics of human populations and land-use systems and their role in shaping ecosystems over the long term.

    “To be effective in conserving ecosystems and biodiversity altered by millennia of human interaction, ecological science and conservation will need to go beyond the view of humans as a recent disturbance and incorporate a solid theoretical and historical understanding of the dynamics of human populations and land-use systems and their role in shaping ecosystems over the long term (83, 115, 118).”

    From Used planet: a global history (2013) · cites this paper as [118]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 89 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. France RL. 2008. The muddy, messy means and mores of "restoring" a broken world: A literature review. Pages 233-235 in France RL, ed. Heal- ing Natures, Repairing Relationships: New Perspectives on Restoring Ecological Spaces and Consciousness. Green Frigate Books.
  2. Aronson J, van Andel J. 2006. Challenges for restoration theory. Pages 223-233 in van Andel J, Aronson J, eds. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell.
  3. Vale TR. 2002. The pre-European landscape of the United States: Pristine or humanized? Pages 1-39 in Vale TR, ed. Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape. Island Press.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hobbs, R. J., Hallett, L. M., Ehrlich, P. R., & Mooney, H. A.
Venue
BioScience
Published
2011-06
Volume
61
Issue
6
Pages
442-450
ISSN
  • 0006-3568 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-3244
OpenAlex
W2123195397
Cited by
417
References
89
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 23
FWCI
27.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • BioScience (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Environmental Philosophy and Ethics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
Keywords
ecological restoration, conservation biology, novel ecosystems, global change, ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, leverage points, feedback loops, restoration policy, social-ecological systems

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review