Cited by 97Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and InterventionsMedia Influence and Health

Descriptive Drinking Norms: For Whom Does Reference Group Matter?

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Larimer, Mary E., Neighbors, Clayton, LaBrie, Joseph W., Atkins, David C., Lewis, Melissa A., Lee, Christine M., Kilmer, Jason R., Kaysen, Debra L. +6 more·2011·Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Perceived descriptive drinking norms often differ from actual norms and are positively related to personal consumption. However, it is not clear how normative perceptions vary with specificity of the reference group. Are drinking norms more accurate and more closely related to drinking behavior as reference group specificity increases? Do these relationships vary as a function of participant demographics? The present study examined the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and drinking behavior by ethnicity (Asian or White), sex, and fraternity/sorority status. METHOD: Participants were 2,699 (58% female) White (75%) or Asian (25%) undergraduates from two universities who reported their own alcohol use and perceived descriptive norms for eight reference groups: "typical student"; same sex, ethnicity, or fraternity/sorority status; and all combinations of these three factors. RESULTS: Participants generally reported the highest perceived norms for the most distal reference group (typical student), with perceptions becoming more accurate as individuals' similarity to the reference group increased. Despite increased accuracy, participants perceived that all reference groups drank more than was actually the case. Across specific subgroups (fraternity/sorority members and men) different patterns emerged. Fraternity/sorority members reliably reported higher estimates of drinking for reference groups that included fraternity/ sorority status, and, to a lesser extent, men reported higher estimates for reference groups that included men. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that interventions targeting normative misperceptions may need to provide feedback based on participant demography or group membership. Although reference group-specific feedback may be important for some subgroups, typical student feedback provides the largest normative discrepancy for the majority of students.

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Crossref · 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.833

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  • Larimer et al. (2011) found inconsistent reporting for fraternity/sorority members who reported higher estimates of other fraternity/sorority members drinking behaviors.

    “In a two-institution study limited to Asian or White students, Larimer et al. (2011) found inconsistent reporting for fraternity/sorority members who reported higher estimates of other fraternity/sorority members drinking behaviors.”

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Authors
Larimer, M. E., Neighbors, C., LaBrie, J. W., Atkins, D. C., Lewis, M. A., Lee, C. M., Kilmer, J. R., Kaysen, D. L., Pedersen, E. R., Montoya, H., Hodge, K., Desai, S., Hummer, J. F., & Walter, T.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Venue
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Published
2011-09
Volume
72
Issue
5
Pages
833-843
ISSN
  • 1937-1888 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-4114
OpenAlex
W2093217117
Cited by
97
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI
5.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K01AA016966, T32 AA07455, R01AA012547, T32AA007455)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
Keywords
alcohol consumption, gender differences, ethnicity, university students, normative feedback, alcohol use interventions
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Asian, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Sex Characteristics, Social Environment, Social Perception, Social Values, Stereotyping, Pacific States, White People, Young Adult, Self Report

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