Circulating fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective analyses in China
Open accessAbstract
Objective: We aimed to examine prospective associations between circulating fatty acids in early pregnancy and incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women. Methods: Analyses were based on two prospective nested case-control studies conducted in western China (336 GDM cases and 672 matched controls) and central China (305 cases and 305 matched controls). Fasting plasma fatty acids in early pregnancy (gestational age at enrollment: 10.4 weeks(s.d., 2.0)) and 13.2 weeks (1.0), respectively) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria during 24–28 weeks of gestation. Multiple metabolic biomarkers (HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), HbA1c, c-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, and blood lipids) were additionally measured among 672 non-GDM controls at enrollment. Results: Higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 14:0 (pooled odds ratio, 1.41 for each 1-s.d. increase; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.59) and 16:0 (1.19; 1.05, 1.35) were associated with higher odds of GDM. Higher levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 18:2n-6 were strongly associated with lower odds of GDM (0.69; 0.60, 0.80). In non-GDM pregnant women, higher SFAs 14:0 and 16:0 but lower n-6 PUFA 18:2n-6 were generally correlated with unfavorable metabolic profiles. Conclusions: We documented adverse associations of 14:0 and 16:0 but a protective association of 18:2n-6 with GDM among Chinese pregnant women. Our findings highlight the distinct roles of specific fatty acids in the onset of GDM.
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Linoleic acid (omega-6) supplementation is associated with a lower risk of GDM.
“Another prospective study showed that linoleic acid (omega 6) supplementation was associated with a lower risk of GDM [116].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
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- Authors
- Pan, X.-F., Huang, Y., Li, X., Wang, Y., Ye, Y., Chen, H., Marklund, M., Wen, Y., Liu, Y., Zeng, H., Qi, X., Yang, X., Yang, C.-X., Liu, G., Gibson, R. A., Xu, S., Yu, D., Chen, D., Li, Y., Mei, Z., Pan, A., & Wu, J. H. Y.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Jinan University (CN)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CN)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Sichuan Province (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Yuanyuan
- Mei, Zhixiong
- Pan, An
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-07-01
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-97
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W3157834961
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 9.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- University of New South Wales
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (91743103, 41977373, 81773517, 2016ZT06N258, 2017YFC0907504, 21777059)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (21777059, 2016ZT06N258, 2017M622457)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2018QYTD12)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0907504)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019kfyXKJC052)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, circulating fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, early pregnancy, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, metabolic biomarkers, Chinese pregnant women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, C-Reactive Protein, China, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes, Gestational, Leptin, Fatty Acids, Omega-6, Adiponectin, Young Adult
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