Cited by 263Obesity, Physical Activity, DietNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorConsumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Nutritional Content of Television Food Advertisements Seen by Children and Adolescents in the United States

Powell, Lisa M., Szczypka, Glen, Chaloupka, Frank J., Braunschweig, Carol L.·2007·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-3595

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. In light of the high rates of child and adolescent obesity, we examined the nutritional content of food advertising seen by American children and adolescents. METHODS. We drew samples of top-rated television shows by using ratings data to examine the nutritional content for fat, saturated fat, sugar, sodium, and fiber of food-product advertisements seen on television by both children and adolescents. Food products were examined in aggregate and by 5 separate categories that included cereal, sweets, snacks, drinks, and other food products. For 2- to 11-year-olds and 12- to 17-year-olds, respectively, a sample of 50351 and 47955 30-second-equivalent food-product advertisements and their related nutritional content were weighted by television ratings data to provide actual exposure measures of the nutritional content of food advertising seen by children and adolescents. RESULTS. Study results showed that 97.8% and 89.4% of food-product advertisements viewed by children 2 to 11 years old and adolescents 12 to 17 years old, respectively, were high in fat, sugar, or sodium. On average, 46.1% and 49.1% of total calories among the products advertised came from sugar in the advertisements seen by these respective age groups. A total of 97.6% of cereal advertisements seen by children 2 to 11 years old were for high-sugar cereals. No substantial differences were found in the nutritional content of advertisements seen by black and white children 2 to 11 years old. However, a slightly higher proportion of food advertisements in general and across all food-product categories seen by black versus white adolescents were for high-sugar products. CONCLUSION. The overwhelming majority of food-product advertisements seen on television by American children and adolescents are of poor nutritional content.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2006-3595

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids
Trumbo, P., Schlicker, S., Yates, A. A., & Poos, M. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90346-9 · Cited by 5,993
The United States Department of Agriculture
True, A. C. (1912) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/000271621204000113 · Cited by 5,104
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382
Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds
Foehr, U. G., Rideout, V. J., & Roberts, D. F. (2010) · Cited by 2,197
Food marketing to children and youth : threat or opportunity?
Youth, McGinnis, J. M., Gootman, J. A., & Kraak, V. I. (2006) · National Academies Press eBooks · Cited by 907
Born to buy: the commercialized child and the new consumer culture
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-1898 · Cited by 670
Most Americans Eat Much Less than Recommended Amounts of Fruits and Vegetables
Guenther, P. M., Dodd, K. W., Reedy, J., & Krebs‐Smith, S. M. (2006) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.002 · Cited by 629
Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners
Gidding, S. S., Dennison, B. A., Birch, L. L., Daniels, S. R., Gilman, M. W., Lichtenstein, A. H., Rattay, K. T., Steinberger, J., Stettler, N., & Horn, L. V. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2374 · Cited by 580
The 30-Second Effect
Borzekowski, D. L. G., & Robinson, T. N. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00012-8 · Cited by 558

Show all 41 references

Sorted by citations

Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior.
Harris, J. L., Bargh, J. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014399 · Cited by 945
“Given the types of foods and consumption benefits typically promoted in food advertising, what is primed is usually snacking on unhealthy foods and beverages (Harrison & Marske, 2005; Powell et al., 2007).”
Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601
A Crisis in the Marketplace: How Food Marketing Contributes to Childhood Obesity and What Can Be Done
Harris, J. L., Pomeranz, J. L., Lobstein, T., & Brownell, K. D. (2009) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100304 · Cited by 549
A Review of Environmental Influences on Food Choices
Larson, N., & Story, M. T. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9120-9 · Cited by 602
Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion
August, G. P., Caprio, S., Fennoy, I., Freemark, M., KAUFMAN, F. R., Lustig, R. H., Silverstein, J. H., Speiser, P., Styne, D. M., & Montori, V. M. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2458 · Cited by 518
“4%, respectively, of the advertisements were for food products consisting predominantly of nutrient-poor, high-sugar ingredients (252).”
Background
Can food be addictive? Public health and policy implications
Gearhardt, A. N., Grilo, C. M., Dileone, R., Brownell, K. D., & Potenza, M. N. (2011) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03301.x · Cited by 411
“In contrast, hyperpalatable foods are the most frequently marketed products specifically targeting children and adolescents [18].”
Background
Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media
Strasburger, V. C. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1066 · Cited by 339
Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity
Dominguez, L. J., Bella, G. D., Veronese, N., & Barbagallo, M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13062028 · Cited by 380
“It has been shown that nearly all foods featured in advertising targeting young people have high content of calories, saturated fat, sugar and sodium [196].”
Background
The Extent, Nature and Effects of Food Promotion to Children: A Review of the Evidence to December 2008
Cairns, G., Angus, K., & Hastings, G. (2009) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 324
United States Adolescents' Television, Computer, Videogame, Smartphone, and Tablet Use: Associations with Sugary Drinks, Sleep, Physical Activity, and Obesity
Kenney, E. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.015 · Cited by 301
Associations of Television Content Type and Obesity in Children
Zimmerman, F. J., & Bell, J. F. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.155119 · Cited by 260
The Food Marketing Defense Model: Integrating Psychological Research to Protect Youth and Inform Public Policy
Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x · Cited by 252
“In television advertising alone, children view examples of positive rewards from consuming foods of poor nutritional quality on average 5,500 times per year (Powell et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Governmental policies to reduce unhealthy food marketing to children
Taillie, L. S., Busey, E., Stoltze, F. M., & Dillman Carpentier, F. R. (2019) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz021 · Cited by 246
Plugged In: How Media Attract and Affect Youth
Valkenburg, P. M., & Piotrowski, J. T. (2017) · doi:10.12987/yale/9780300218879.001.0001 · Cited by 209
Implementing American Heart Association Pediatric and Adult Nutrition Guidelines
Gidding, S. S., Lichtenstein, A. H., Faith, M. S., Karpyn, A. E., Mennella, J. A., Popkin, B. M., Rowe, J., Horn, L. V., & Whitsel, L. P. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.191856 · Cited by 196
Children, adolescents, and the media: health effects.
Strasburger, V., Jordan, A., & Donnerstein, E. (2012) · The Pediatric clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.025 · Cited by 125
“More than 80% of all ads in children’s programming are for fast food or snacks.(291,292) Young people see an average of 12 to 21 food ads per day (4400–7600 ads per year), yet fewer than 165 ads that promote fitness or good nutrition.”
Background
By how much would limiting TV food advertising reduce childhood obesity?
Veerman, J. L., Van Beeck, E. F., Barendregt, J. J., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2009) · The European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp039 · Cited by 179
Food advertising and eating behavior in children
Folkvord, F., Anschütz, D. J., Boyland, E. J., Kelly, B., & Buijzen, M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.016 · Cited by 169
“Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 2016, 9:26–31 In the USA, a stunning 98% of advertised food products are considered unhealthy by nutritionists [3], typically being energy-dense and high in added sugar, salt, and fat.”
Background
Sedentary behaviour and obesity.
Shields, M. E., & Tremblay, M. S. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 160
Television Viewing and Unhealthy Diet: Implications for Children and Media Interventions
Harris, J. L., & Bargh, J. A. (2009) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410230903242267 · Cited by 151
Trends in Exposure to Television Food Advertisements Among Children and Adolescents in the United States
Powell, L. M., Szczypka, G., & Chaloupka, F. J. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.139 · Cited by 148
“Whether measured just on child-oriented programming or more broadly to account for children’s overall viewing exposure, the vast majority of food ads seen by children were for products high in sugar, fat, or sodium.(17,18,32-34) Further, recent evidence shows that fun and happiness themes were the most common persuasi…”
Self-citation
Differential exposure to, and potential impact of, unhealthy advertising to children by socio‐economic and ethnic groups: A systematic review of the evidence
Backholer, K., Gupta, A., Zorbas, C., Bennett, R., Huse, O., Chung, A., Isaacs, A., Golds, G., Kelly, B., & Peeters, A. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13144 · Cited by 162
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Children's Health
Scharf, R. J., & DeBoer, M. D. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021528 · Cited by 145
“4% of food-product advertisements viewed by children 2–11 years old and adolescents 12–17 years old, respectively, marketed foods that were high in fat, sugar, or sodium (121).”
Background
The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship
Norman, J. A., Kelly, B., Boyland, E. J., & McMahon, A. (2016) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-016-0166-6 · Cited by 139
The Epidemiology of Overweight and Related Lifestyle Behaviors
Delva, J., Johnston, L. D., & O’Malley, P. M. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.008 · Cited by 137
The impact of food branding on children's eating behavior and obesity
Keller, K., Kuilema, L. G., Lee, N., Yoon, J., Mascaro, B., Combes, A.-L., Deutsch, B., Sorte, K., & Halford, J. C. G. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.011 · Cited by 136
Trends in the Nutritional Content of Television Food Advertisements Seen by Children in the United States
Powell, L. M. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.131 · Cited by 131
Self-citation
Racial/ethnic and income disparities in child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage television ads across the U.S. media markets
Powell, L. M., Wada, R., & Kumanyika, S. (2014) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.06.006 · Cited by 129
Self-citation
Public health policies to encourage healthy eating habits: recent perspectives
Roberto, C. A., & Gorski, M. T. (2015) · Journal of Healthcare Leadership · doi:10.2147/jhl.s69188 · Cited by 150
“Marketing limits Currently, most child-targeted food and beverage marketing is for products which are high in sugar, fat, or sodium.(75) Previous research has documented that advertising shapes children’s food preferences, purchase requests, beliefs, and dietary intake.”
The Influence of Media Characters on Children's Food Choices
Kotler, J. A., Schiffman, J. M., & Hanson, K. G. (2012) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2011.650822 · Cited by 116
Biased attentional processing of food cues and modification in obese individuals.
Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M., & Hollitt, S. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000069 · Cited by 110
Branding and a child’s brain: an fMRI study of neural responses to logos
Bruce, A. S., Bruce, J. M., Black, W. R., Lepping, R. J., Henry, J. M., Cherry, J. B. C., Martin, L. E., Papa, V. B., Davis, A. M., Brooks, W. M., et al. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss109 · Cited by 105
“This is significant considering the vast majority of foods marketed to children are for unhealthy, calorically dense foods (Powell et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Evaluating Industry Self-Regulation of Food Marketing to Children
Kunkel, D., Castonguay, J. S., & Filer, C. R. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.027 · Cited by 102
Healthy Food Looks Serious: How Children Interpret Packaged Food Products
Elliott, C. D. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2009v34n3a2220 · Cited by 99
Evaluating the impact of Chile’s marketing regulation of unhealthy foods and beverages: pre-school and adolescent children’s changes in exposure to food advertising on television
Carpentier, F. R. D., Correa, T., Marcela Reyes, J., & Taillie, L. S. (2019) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019003355 · Cited by 98
“Food advertising on television has been identified as an important contributor to childhood obesity, as child-directed food advertising disproportionately promotes products high in sugars, fats and sodium(7,8) and exposure to these commercial messages has been linked to consumption of unhealthy foods(9–15).”
Background
Association of junk food consumption with high blood pressure and obesity in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV Study
Payab, M., Kelishadi, R., Qorbani, M., Motlagh, M. E., Ranjbar, S. H., Ardalan, G., Zahedi, H., Chinian, M., Asayesh, H., Larijani, B. A., et al. (2014) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.07.006 · Cited by 101
Sedentary behaviour and obesity: review of the current scientific evidence
Biddle, S., Cavill, N., Ekelund, U., Gorely, T., Griffiths, M. D., Jago, R., Oppert, J., Raats, M. M., Salmon, J., Stratton, G., et al. (2010) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 95
Protecting Young People From Junk Food Advertising: Implications of Psychological Research for First Amendment Law
Harris, J. L., & Graff, S. K. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300328 · Cited by 100
The contribution of three components of nutrition knowledge to socio-economic differences in food purchasing choices
McKinnon, L., Giskes, K., & Turrell, G. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013002036 · Cited by 106
Identifying food marketing to teenagers: a scoping review
Truman, E., & Elliott, C. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0833-2 · Cited by 82
The Trend of BMI Values Among US Adults
Komlos, J. H., & Brabec, M. (2010) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21055 · Cited by 144
“…has an additional effect because food and drink commercials increase food and drink consumption, and therefore obesity rates (Chou et al., 2008; Powell et al., 2007).] the increasing participation of women in the work force, and the IT revolution which taken together virtually defined American…”
Food branding influences ad libitum intake differently in children depending on weight status. Results of a pilot study
Forman, J. A., Halford, J. C. G., Summe, H., MacDougall, M., & Keller, K. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.015 · Cited by 78
Industry Progress to Market a Healthful Diet to American Children and Adolescents
Kraak, V. I., Story, M., Wartella, E. A., & Ginter, J. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.029 · Cited by 75
The trend of BMI values of US adults by deciles, birth cohorts 1882–1986 stratified by gender and ethnicity
Komlos, J. H., & Brabec, M. (2011) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2011.03.005 · Cited by 73
“27 Television viewing has an additional effect because food and drink commercials increase food and drink consumption, and therefore obesity rates (Chou et al., 2008; Powell et al., 2007).”
Background
Associations between diet quality and mental health in socially disadvantaged New Zealand adolescents
Kulkarni, A., Swinburn, B. A., & Utter, J. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.130 · Cited by 73
Pass the popcorn: “Obesogenic” behaviors and stigma in children's movies
Throop, E. M., Skinner, A. C., Perrin, A. J., Steiner, M. J., Odulana, A., & Perrin, E. M. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20652 · Cited by 72
Dual-Modality Disclaimers, Emotional Appeals, and Production Techniques in Food Advertising Airing During Programs Rated for Children
Wicks, J. L., Warren, R., Fosu, I., & Wicks, R. H. (2009) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.2753/joa0091-3367380407 · Cited by 71
Government Can Regulate Food Advertising To Children Because Cognitive Research Shows That It Is Inherently Misleading
Graff, S. K., Kunkel, D., & Mermin, S. E. (2012) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0609 · Cited by 71
Reducing the volume, exposure and negative impacts of advertising for foods high in fat, sugar and salt to children: A systematic review of the evidence from statutory and self-regulatory actions and educational measures
Chambers, S., Freeman, R., Anderson, A. S., & MacGillivray, S. A. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.02.011 · Cited by 70
The transition to post‐industrial BMI values among US children
Komlos, J. H., Breitfelder, A., & Sunder, M. (2008) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.20806 · Cited by 70
The Effects of a Nutrition Media Literacy Intervention on Parents’ and Youths’ Communication about Food
Austin, E. W., Austin, B., French, B. F., & Cohen, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2018.1423649 · Cited by 68
Frequency and Types of Foods Advertised on Saturday Morning and Weekday Afternoon English- and Spanish-Language American Television Programs
Bell, R. A., Cassady, D. L., Culp, J., & Alcalay, R. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2008.05.008 · Cited by 67
A Nutritional Comparison of Foods and Beverages Marketed to Children in Two Advertising Policy Environments
Kent, M. P., Dubois, L., & Wanless, A. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.161 · Cited by 67
What “Price” Means When Buying Food: Insights From a Multisite Qualitative Study With Black Americans
DiSantis, K. I., Grier, S. A., Odoms‐Young, A. M., Baskin, M. L., Carter‐Edwards, L., Young, D. R., Lassiter, V., & Kumanyika, S. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301149 · Cited by 69
Prevalence of Food and Beverage Brands in Movies: 1996–2005
Sutherland, L. A., MacKenzie, T. A., Purvis, L. A., & Dalton, M. A. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0857 · Cited by 66
Parent and child reports of children's activity.
Sithole, F., & Veugelers, P. J. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 64
Advertising or games?
An, S., & Kang, H. (2014) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.2501/ija-33-3-509-532 · Cited by 36
Health in the United States: Are Appeals to Choice and Personal Responsibility Making Americans Sick?
Hook, C. J., & Markus, H. R. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619896252 · Cited by 65
Food and beverage advertising on children's web sites
Ustjanauskas, A., Harris, J. L., & Schwartz, M. B. (2013) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00185.x · Cited by 65
“As in studies of television advertising to children, restaurant foods were excluded from this analysis (5,47).”
Background
Obesity status of middle school students in Xiangtan and its relationship with Internet addiction
Li, M., Yun-long, D., Ren, Y., Guo, S., & He, X. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20595 · Cited by 60
Identifying ‘unhealthy’ food advertising on television: a case study applying the UK Nutrient Profile model
Jenkin, G. L. S., Wilson, N., & Hermanson, N. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980008003029 · Cited by 60
Food and Beverage Brands That Market to Children and Adolescents on the Internet: A Content Analysis of Branded Web Sites
Henry, A. E., & Story, M. T. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2008.08.004 · Cited by 59
Mass media nutrition information sources and associations with fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents
Freisling, H., Haas, K., & Elmadfa, I. (2009) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009991297 · Cited by 59
Fathers’ perspectives on the diets and physical activity behaviours of their young children
Walsh, A. D., Hesketh, K. D., van der Pligt, P., Cameron, A. J., Crawford, D. A., & Campbell, K. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179210 · Cited by 59
The role of television in childhood obesity
Dennison, B. A., & Edmunds, L. S. (2008) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2008.05.010 · Cited by 57
Receptivity to Television Fast-Food Restaurant Marketing and Obesity Among U.S. Youth
McClure, A. C., Tanski, S. E., Gilbert‐Diamond, D., Adachi‐Mejia, A. M., Li, Z., Li, Z., & Sargent, J. D. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.011 · Cited by 56
Self-reported advertising exposure to sugar-sweetened beverages among US youth
Kumar, G., Onufrak, S., Zytnick, D., Kingsley, B., & Park, S. (2015) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980014001785 · Cited by 54
Food Addiction
Yau, Y. H. C., Gottlieb, C. D., Krasna, L. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407724-9.00007-0 · Cited by 54
An associative account of how the obesogenic environment biases adolescents' food choices
Watson, P., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Hommel, B., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & de Wit, S. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.008 · Cited by 53
“Indeed, the majority of advertisements aimed at children and adolescents are for unhealthy foods high in sugar and/or fat (Boyland, Harrold, Kirkham, & Halford, 2011; Powell, Szczypka, Chaloupka, & Braunschweig, 2007).”
Food advertising on Argentinean television: are ultra-processed foods in the lead?
Allemandi, L., Castronuovo, L., Tiscornia, M. V., Ponce, M., & Schoj, V. (2017) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017001446 · Cited by 56
“There is sufficient scientific evidence showing that food advertising exerts a powerful influence not only on children’s food preferences, but also on their food intake, food purchase requests((54)) and their weight((55)).”
Background
The Trend of BMI Values Among US AdultsPreprint
Komlos, J. H., & Brabec, M. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1573500 · Cited by 53
“19 Television viewing has an additional effect because food and drink commercials increase food and drink consumption, and therefore obesity rates (Chou et al., 2007; Powell et al., 2007).”
Background
Exposure to television food advertising primes food-related cognitions and triggers motivation to eat
Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M., & Hollitt, S. (2014) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.918267 · Cited by 52
“This is particularly problematic given the large proportion of advertisements for food, particularly unhealthy food, on television (Chapman et al., 2006; Powell et al., 2007), as well as the well-established link between time spent watching television and obesity (Boulos et al.”
Background
Sucrose Exposure in Early Life Alters Adult Motivation and Weight Gain
Frazier, C. R. M., Mason, P., Zhuang, X., & Beeler, J. A. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003221 · Cited by 52
Television food advertising viewed by preschoolers, children and adolescents: contributors to differences in exposure for black and white youth in the United States
Fleming‐Milici, F., & Harris, J. L. (2016) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12203 · Cited by 52
Nutritional Imbalance Endorsed by Televised Food Advertisements
Mink, M. D., Evans, A., Moore, C. G., Calderon, K. S., & Deger, S. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.020 · Cited by 50
Total energy intake, adolescent discretionary behaviors and the energy gap
Sonneville, K. R., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.203 · Cited by 50
Socio-economic differences in outdoor food advertising in a city in Northern England
Adams, J. M., Ganiti, E., & White, M. J. (2011) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980010003332 · Cited by 50
Secular Trends in Meal and Snack Patterns among Adolescents from 1999 to 2010
Larson, N., Story, M. T., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.09.013 · Cited by 50
Examining the Relationship between Youth-Targeted Food Marketing Expenditures and the Demographics of Social Media Followers
Rummo, P. E., Cassidy, O. L., Wells, I. S. M. I. N. M. I. W., Coffino, J. A., & Bragg, M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051631 · Cited by 52
“These effects are particularly problematic given that the majority of the food and beverages marketed to youth are predominately foods high in fat, sugar, and salt [20,21].”
Background
Exploring External Factors Affecting the Intention-Behavior Gap When Trying to Adopt a Sustainable Diet: A Think Aloud Study
Fink, L., Strassner, C., & Ploeger, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.511412 · Cited by 49
How to persuade adolescents to use nutrition labels: effects of health consciousness, argument quality, and source credibility
Dong, Z. (2015) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2014.989241 · Cited by 45
Differential Trends in Weight-Related Health Behaviors Among American Young Adults by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: 1984–2006
Clarke, P. J., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Schulenberg, J. E., & Lantz, P. M. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.141317 · Cited by 46
High use of commercial food products among infants and young children and promotions for these products in Cambodia
Pries, A. M., Huffman, S. L., Mengkheang, K., Kroeun, H., Champeny, M., Roberts, M., & Zehner, E. R. (2016) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.12270 · Cited by 43
Socio-economic status and oral health-related behaviours in Korean adolescents
Jung, S.-H., Tsakos, G., Sheiham, A., Ryu, J., & Watt, R. G. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.022 · Cited by 42
Epidemiology and the Macrosocial Determinants of Health
Putnam, S., & Galea, S. (2008) · Journal of Public Health Policy · doi:10.1057/jphp.2008.15 · Cited by 41
“Empirical research about corporate practices includes studies of youth-targeted advertising of tobacco (60,61), low-nutrient foods (62), and higher concentrations of alcohol retail outlets in low-income or minority neighborhoods (63).”
Background
Chubby cheeks and climate change: childhood obesity as a sustainable development issue
Reisch, L. A., & Gwozdz, W. (2010) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00893.x · Cited by 45
The extent, nature, and nutritional quality of foods advertised to children in Lebanon: the first study to use the WHO nutrient profile model for the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Nasreddine, L., Taktouk, M., Dabbous, M., & Melki, J. P. (2019) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.29219/fnr.v63.1604 · Cited by 39
Scrutinize of healthy school canteen policy in Iran’s primary schools: a mixed method study
Babashahi, M., Omidvar, N., Joulaei, H., Zargaraan, A., Zayeri, F., Veisi, E., Doustmohammadian, A., & Kelishadi, R. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11587-x · Cited by 38
“School-based interventions promoting consumption of healthy food and non-alcoholic beverages are frequently reported to be among the most cost-effective dietrelated approaches to NCDs prevention [22, 23].”
BackgroundInfluential
Public Health Obesity-Related TV Advertising
Emery, S., Szczypka, G., Powell, L. M., & Chaloupka, F. J. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.003 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
BMI and Healthcare Cost Impact of Eliminating Tax Subsidy for Advertising Unhealthy Food to Youth
Sonneville, K. R., Long, M. W., Ward, Z. J., Resch, S., Wang, Y. C., Pomeranz, J. L., Moodie, M., Carter, R., Sacks, G., Swinburn, B. A., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.026 · Cited by 37
Ecological momentary assessment of urban adolescents ’ technology use and cravings for unhealthy snacks and drinks: Differences by ethnicity and sex
Borgogna, N., Lockhart, G., Grenard, J. L., Barrett, T., Shiffman, S., & Reynolds, K. D. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.10.015 · Cited by 36
Characteristics of food advergames that reach children and the nutrient quality of the foods they advertise
Paek, H., Quilliam, E. T., Kim, S., Weatherspoon, L., Rifon, N. J., & Lee, M. (2014) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-02-2013-0018 · Cited by 35
Hábitos alimentares e fatores de risco para aterosclerose em estudantes de Bento Gonçalves (RS)
Cimadon, H. M. S., Geremia, R., & Pellanda, L. C. (2010) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000088 · Cited by 33
Dietary Intakes of Preschool-Aged Children in Relation to Caregivers’ Race/Ethnicity, Acculturation, and Demographic Characteristics: Results from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey
Erinosho, T., Berrigan, D. A., Thompson, F. E., Moser, R. P., Nebeling, L. C., & Yaroch, A. L. (2011) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-011-0931-5 · Cited by 35
Impact of Commercials on Food Preferences of Low-income, Minority Preschoolers
Nicklas, T. A., Goh, E. T., Suzanne Goodell, L., Acuff, D. S., Reiher, R., Buday, R., & Ottenbacher, A. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2009.11.007 · Cited by 34
“Approximately 98% of food products advertised were high in sugar, fat, or sodium.(21) These advertisements promoted soft drinks, candy, cakes, chips, cookies, pastries, high-sugar breakfast cereals, and fast food.”
Neurobehavioral determinants of nutritional security in fetal growth–restricted individuals
Portella, A. K., & Silveira, P. P. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12390 · Cited by 37
Amount of Hispanic Youth Exposure to Food and Beverage Advertising on Spanish- and English-Language Television
Fleming‐Milici, F., Harris, J. L., Sarda, V., & Schwartz, M. B. (2013) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.137 · Cited by 34
The role of television viewing and direct experience in predicting adolescents' beliefs about the health risks of fast-food consumption
Russell, C. A., & Buhrau, D. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.023 · Cited by 34
Policy insights from the nutritional food market transformation model: the case of obesity prevention
Struben, J., Chan, D., & Dubé, L. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12381 · Cited by 34
The association of parent’s outcome expectations for child TV viewing with parenting practices and child TV viewing: an examination using path analysis
Johnson, L. E., Chen, T. A., Hughes, S. O., & O’Connor, T. M. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0232-2 · Cited by 35
“Previous research has documented that both parents and children tend to watch more TV on weekends than on weekdays [30, 41], a finding replicated in the current study.”
Result

Authors: Powell, L. M., Szczypka, G., Chaloupka, F. J., & Braunschweig, C. L.
Affiliations: Institute for Health Research and Policy and Departments of
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Szczypka, Glen
ORCID: Powell, Lisa M.
Szczypka, Glen
Chaloupka, Frank J.
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2007-09-01
Volume: 120
Issue: 3
Pages: 576-583
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-3595
OpenAlex: W2095947193
Cited by: 263
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 21.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
Keywords: television food advertising, adolescents, sugar content, saturated fat, sodium, fibers, cereal advertising, childhood obesity, media influence on eating behavior
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Advertising, Child, Child, Preschool, Food, Humans, Nutritive Value, Television, United States

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Nutritional Content of Television Food Advertisements Seen by Children and Adolescents in the United States

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks