The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maternal Serum Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations during a critical window of fetal neurodevelopment and behavioral, emotional, and language outcomes of offspring. METHODS: Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations of 743 Caucasian women in Perth, Western Australia (32°S) were measured at 18 weeks pregnancy and grouped into quartiles. Offspring behavior was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist at 2, 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years of age (n range = 412–652). Receptive language was assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised at ages 5 (n = 534) and 10 (n = 474) years. Raw scores were converted to standardized scores, incorporating cutoffs for clinically significant levels of difficulty. RESULTS: χ2 analyses revealed no significant associations between maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D serum quartiles and offspring behavioral/emotional problems at any age. In contrast, there were significant linear trends between quartiles of maternal vitamin D levels and language impairment at 5 and 10 years of age. Multivariate regression analyses, incorporating a range of confounding variables, found that the risk of women with vitamin D insufficiency (≤46 nmol/L) during pregnancy having a child with clinically significant language difficulties was increased close to twofold compared with women with vitamin D levels >70 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is significantly associated with offspring language impairment. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of developmental language difficulties among their children.
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“At the follow-up, the sample size was smaller (n = 178) and the attrition rate was higher (70%) in the Gale et al. study [104] than the Whitehouse et al. and Morales et al. studies (n = 412 and 50% and n = 1826 and 25%, respectively) [94,103].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“Whitehouse et al. (2012) reported a significant positive relationship between the severity of maternal vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the language impairment (mild and moderate to severe) in children at five and 10 years of age [94].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“While controlling for several variables, maternal 25(OH)D concentration <46 nmol/L was associated with significant language difficulties in the offspring at ages 5 and 10 years compared with those offspring of mothers with 25(OH)D concentrations >70 nmol/L [94].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“Consistent with these findings, Whitehouse et al. (2012) and Morale et al. (2012) also showed that lower maternal 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy (weeks 18 and 13.5, respectively) was associated with more language difficulties and mental and psychomotor outcomes in offspring, respectively [94,103].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Whitehouse, A. J. O., Holt, B. J., Serralha, M., Holt, P. G., Kusel, M. M. H., & Hart, P. H.
- Affiliations
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2012-03-01
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 485-493
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2163311262
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 17.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- maternal vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D insufficiency, pregnancy, fetal brain development, receptive language, emotional and behavioral problems, maternal vitamin D supplementation, Child Behavior Checklist, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Language Development, Language Development Disorders, Male, Nervous System Diseases, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prognosis, Reference Values, Retrospective Studies, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment
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