Television viewing, bedroom television, and sleep duration from infancy to mid-childhood
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Television and insufficient sleep are associated with poor mental and physical health. This study assessed associations of TV viewing and bedroom TV with sleep duration from infancy to midchildhood. METHOD: We studied 1864 children in Project Viva. Parents reported children’s average daily TV viewing and sleep (at 6 months and annually from 1–7 years) and the presence of a bedroom TV (annually 4–7 years). We used mixed effects models to assess associations of TV exposures with contemporaneous sleep, adjusting for child age, gender, race/ethnicity, maternal education, and income. RESULTS: Six hundred forty-three children (35%) were racial/ethnic minorities; 37% of households had incomes ≤$70 000. From 6 months to 7 years, mean (SD) sleep duration decreased from 12.2 (2.0) hours to 9.8 (0.9) hours per day; TV viewing increased from 0.9 (1.2) hours to 1.6 (1.0) hours per day. At 4 years, 17% had a bedroom TV, rising to 23% at 7 years. Each 1 hour per day increase in lifetime TV viewing was associated with 7 minutes per day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4 to 10) shorter sleep. The association of bedroom TV varied by race/ethnicity; bedroom TV was associated with 31 minutes per day shorter sleep (95% CI: 16 to 45) among racial/ethnic minority children, but not among white, non-Hispanic children (8 fewer minutes per day [95% CI: −19 to 2]). CONCLUSIONS: More TV viewing, and, among racial/ethnic minority children, the presence of a bedroom TV, were associated with shorter sleep from infancy to midchildhood.
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In US infants, higher screen media exposure predicted 7 fewer minutes of total sleep per day.
“Longitudinal analyses of United States (Cespedes et al., 2014) and Thai (Vijakkhana, Wilaisakditipakorn, Ruedeekhajorn, Pruksananonda, & Chonchaiya, 2015) infants demonstrated similar results, with greater screen media exposure predictive of 7 and 28 min fewer total sleep per day, respectively.”
From Screen Media Overuse and Associated Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional/Behavioral Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: An Integrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as Cespedes et al., 2014
The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations section reports 7 fewer minutes of sleep per day for each additional hour per day of lifetime-average TV viewing. That estimate covers children followed from infancy through mid-childhood, not infants alone, and measures TV viewing rather than screen media exposure generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Cespedes, E. M., Gillman, M. W., Kleinman, K., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Redline, S., & Taveras, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts;
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2014-05-01
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1163-e1171
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC4006444
- OpenAlex
- W2126511507
- Semantic Scholar
- ab83108b4aac759db1843204a9c11cee35641e14
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 95.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA155626, NCI 1U54CA15562601)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007703)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R37HD034568, R01HD034568)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- television viewing, sleep duration, children's sleep, infancy, Project Viva, screen time, child health
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Minority Groups, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Television, White People
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