Cited by 482Maternal and Perinatal Health InterventionsAsthma and respiratory diseasesGut microbiota and health

Cesarean Section and Chronic Immune Disorders

Sevelsted, Astrid, Stokholm, Jakob, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans·2015·PEDIATRICS

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Immune diseases such as asthma, allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes have shown a parallel increase in prevalence during recent decades in westernized countries. The rate of cesarean delivery has also increased in this period and has been associated with the development of some of these diseases. METHODS: Mature children born by cesarean delivery were analyzed for risk of hospital contact for chronic immune diseases recorded in the Danish national registries in the 35-year period 1977-2012. Two million term children participated in the primary analysis. We studied childhood diseases with a suspected relation to a deviant immune-maturation and a debut at young age. The effect of cesarean delivery on childhood disease incidences were estimated by means of confounder-adjusted incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals obtained in Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS: Children delivered by cesarean delivery had significantly increased risk of asthma, systemic connective tissue disorders, juvenile arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, immune deficiencies, and leukemia. No associations were found between cesarean delivery and type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, or celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean delivery exemplifies a shared environmental risk factor in early life associating with several chronic immune diseases. Understanding commonalities in the underlying mechanisms behind chronic diseases may give novel insight into their origin and allow prevention.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2014-0596

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Epidemiological studies show an association between cesarean section delivery and chronic immune disorders such as asthma, which are associated with an increased risk of viral infections.

    “Epidemiological studies have shown an association between CS delivery and chronic immune disorders, such as asthma (Sevelsted et al., 2015), which are associated with an increased risk of viral infections (Juhn, 2014).”

    From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Sevelsted et al., 2015

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sevelsted, A., Stokholm, J., Bønnelykke, K., & Bisgaard, H.
Affiliations
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Bisgaard, Hans
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Published
2015-01-01
Volume
135
Issue
1
Pages
e92-e98
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
OpenAlex
W2147725723
Cited by
482
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 1
FWCI
41.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
cesarean section, childhood asthma, connective tissue diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, leukemia, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, celiac disease, allergy, immune system maturation, environmental risk factors, incidence trends
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Cesarean Section, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Immune System Diseases, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review